A comparison of second premolar extraction and mini-implant total arch distalization with interproximal stripping

ABSTRACT Objective: The effect of total arch distalization using orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) combined with interproximal stripping (IPS) and second premolar extraction was investigated in Class I malocclusion patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 consecutively treated Class I malocclusion (Class I molar relationship; 0 mm < overbite and overjet < 4.5 mm) patients ranging in age from 17 to 44 years who received single-phase treatment were included in this study. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms and dental casts were measured and compared statistically. Results: In the distalization with IPS group, 3.6 mm and 3.8 mm of crowding in the upper and lower arches, respectively, were resolved, and 3.8 mm and 3.2 mm of upper and lower incisor retraction, respectively, were achieved simultaneously by the treatment. As a result of the second premolar extraction treatment, 3.9 mm and 3.6 mm of crowding in the upper and lower arches, respectively, were resolved, and 3.3 mm and 3.2 mm of incisor retraction, respectively, were achieved during treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of crowding and incisor retraction between the two groups. Conclusions: Total arch distalization using an OMI with IPS did not yield a significantly different treatment result compared to second premolar extraction treatment.

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The duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.21.5.067-074.oar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Waqar Jeelani ◽

◽

Mubassar Fida ◽

Attiya Shaikh ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Class I ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Class Iii ◽

Pubertal Growth ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pubertal growth peak is closely associated with a rapid increase in mandibular length and offers a wide range of therapeutic modifiability. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the mean ages of onset and duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using lateral cephalograms of 230 subjects with growth potential (110 males, 120 females). Subjects were categorized into three classes (Class I = 81, Class II = 82, Class III = 67), according to the sagittal relationship established between the maxilla and the mandible. The cervical vertebral maturation stage was recorded by means of Baccetti's method. The mean ages at CS3 and CS4 and the CS3-CS4 age interval were compared between boys and girls and among three skeletal classes. Results: Pubertal growth peak occurred on average four months earlier in girls than boys (p = 0.050). The average duration of pubertal growth peak was 11 months in Class I, seven months in Class II and 17 months in Class III subjects. Interclass differences were highly significant (Cohen's d > 0.08). However, no significant difference was found in the timing of pubertal growth peak onset among three skeletal classes (p = 0.126 in boys, p = 0.262 in girls). Conclusions: Girls enter pubertal growth peak on average four months earlier than boys. Moreover, the duration of pubertal growth peak is on average four months shorter in Class II and six months longer in Class III subjects as compared to Class I subjects.

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Cephalometric evaluation of adult anterior open bite non-extraction treatment with Invisalign

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.22.5.030-038.oar ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 30-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shuka Moshiri ◽

Eustáquio A. Araújo ◽

Julie F. McCray ◽

Guilherme Thiesen ◽

Ki Beom Kim

Keyword(s):

Open Bite ◽

Therapeutic Modality ◽

Occlusal Plane ◽

Anterior Open Bite ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Mandibular Plane ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Treatment Changes ◽

Extraction Treatment ◽

Lower Molar

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by means of cephalometric appraisal, the vertical effects of non-extraction treatment of adult anterior open bite with clear aligners (Invisalign system, Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 30 adult patients with anterior open bite treated using Invisalign (22 females, 8 males; mean age at start of treatment: 28 years and 10 months; mean anterior open bite at start of treatment: 1.8 mm) were analyzed. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were traced to compare the following vertical measurements: SN to maxillary occlusal plane (SN-MxOP), SN to mandibular occlusal plane (SN-MnOP), mandibular plane to mandibular occlusal plane (MP-MnOP), SN to mandibular plane (SN-MP), SN to palatal plane (SN-PP), SN to gonion-gnathion plane (SN-GoGn), upper 1 tip to palatal plane (U1-PP), lower 1 tip to mandibular plane (L1-MP), mesiobuccal cusp of upper 6 to palatal plane (U6-PP), mesiobuccal cusp of lower 6 to mandibular plane (L6-MP), lower anterior facial height (LAFH), and overbite (OB). Paired t-tests and descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the data and assess any significant changes resulting from treatment. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in overall treatment changes for SN-MxOP, SN-MnOP, MP-MnOP, SN-MP, SN-GoGn, L1-MP, L6-MP, LAFH, and OB. Conclusions: The Invisalign system is a viable therapeutic modality for non-extraction treatment of adult anterior mild open bites. Bite closure was mainly achieved by a combination of counterclockwise rotation of the mandibular plane, lower molar intrusion and lower incisor extrusion.

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Angular Relationship between Frankfort Horizontal Plane and Sella-Nasion Plane in Nepalese Orthodontic Patients: A Cephalometric Study

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v7i1.18895 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

Jamal Giri ◽

Prabhat Ranjan Pokharel ◽

Rajesh Gyawali

Keyword(s):

Horizontal Plane ◽

Class I ◽

Anova Analysis ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

The Difference ◽

Cephalometric Study ◽

Frankfort Horizontal Plane

Introduction: The angle between Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane and Sella-Nasion (SN) plane is considered to be 7°. Various studies have shown that the FH-SN angulations could vary; which can affect cephalometric diagnosis.Objective: To determine average FH-SN angle for a group of Nepalese orthodontic patients. The secondary objectives were to assess whether the FH-SN angle exhibits sexual dimorphism and to evaluate the FH-SN angle in different skeletal relationships.Materials & Method: Lateral cephalograms of 238 orthodontic patients were hand traced and the angle between the FH and SN plane was measured and recorded. The cephalograms were also classified as skeletal Class I, II or III cases using Wits appraisal.Result: The average FH-SN angle was 6.71° ± 3.13°. FH-SN angle was greater in female samples compared to males. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, the ANOVA analysis revealed no significant difference between FH-SN angles in different skeletal relationships.Conclusion: The average FH-SN angle for a group of Nepalese orthodontic patients was 6.71° ± 3.13°. There was no statistically significant difference in FH-SN angle between skeletal Class I, II and III relationships

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Mandibular symphysis morphology and lower incisor angulation in different anteroposterior jaw relationships and skeletal growth patterns – a cephalometric study

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/mpr-1356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 97-104

Author(s):

Sandhya Jain ◽

Prateek Puniyani ◽

Arwa Saifee

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Class Ii ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Class I ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Class Iii ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Mandibular Symphysis ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Cephalometric Study

Objective. The purpose of the present study was to assess the symphyseal morphology and lower incisor angulation in different anteroposterior relationship and in different growth patterns and to investigate whether the symphyseal morphology had any correlation with dentofacial parameters. Method. Random Sampling method and lateral cephalograms of 90 subjects, age group 16-30 years, were divided into 30 in each group, i.e. Class I, Class II & Class III after calculating the following parameters (ANB angle, wits appraisal). After that, groups were again divided into 10 in each subgroup i.e. Average, Horizontal and Vertical growers. Results. Results showed the increase in actual symphysis width, inclination of the alveolar part, total height of symphysis and reduction in overall width along with retroclination of lower incisors in class III subjects as compared to class I and class II. Similarly actual and overall width of the symphysis were decreased and inclination of the alveolar part, symphyseal height and symphyseal ratio were increased in vertical growers. Conclusion. The dimensions and configuration of Mandibular Symphysis in class III was found to be different than those in Class I and Class II relationships; the alveolar part of Mandibular Symphyseal compensated for the skeletal relationship in the Class III pattern. Mandibualr Symphysis dimensions were strongly correlated to anterior facial dimensions. Similarly the dimensions and configuration of Mandibular Symphysis was also different in vertical growers as compared to horizontal and average growers, moreover symphyseal morphology and lower incisor angulation had a correlation with dentofacial parameters.

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Evaluation of long-term stability of curve of Spee levelled with continuous archwires in two different retention protocol

APOS Trends in Orthodontics ◽

10.25259/apos_22_2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 229-234

Author(s):

Mansi Radia ◽

Kalyani Trivedi ◽

Alap Shah ◽

Tilak Parikh ◽

Hemangi Panchal

Keyword(s):

Lower Incisor ◽

Term Stability ◽

Long Term Stability ◽

Curve Of Spee ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the long-term stability of the curve of Spee leveled with continuous archwire in subjects with two different retention protocols. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 20 patients (mean age 18 ± 2 years) presenting with curve of Spee depth of =/> 3 mm. For each subject, lateral cephalograms and dental casts were available before treatment (T1), at the end of orthodontic therapy (T2), and 1 year after the end of treatment (T3). All subjects were divided into two groups according to their retention protocol – fixed retainer group (Group-1) and Essix retainer group (Group-2). Cephalometric parameters were used to evaluate the dental movements after treatment. Curve of Spee depth was measured on standardized digital images of casts. Results: In multicomparison table, it shows that there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.032) between Spee-T2 and Spee-T3 and there was no statistical difference (P = 0.159) between L1MP-T2 and L1MP-T3 in fixed retainer group. In Essix retainer group, no changes were observed from L1MP-T2 to L1MP-T3 and there was a non-significant difference found between Spee-T2 and Spee-T3. Conclusion: In Group-1 (fixed retainer), there is some amount of relapse or extrusion of lower incisor. In Group-2 (Essix retainer), there was not any change in the position of the lower incisor, which suggests that occlusal coverage of the Essix retainer does not allow any extrusion and retains the curve of Spee.

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Inclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors – comparison of measurements from teleroentgenograms and CBCT

Forum Ortodontyczne ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.3034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

Edyta Kalina ◽

Ewa Sobieska ◽

Kacper Kalina ◽

Małgorzata Zadurska

Keyword(s):

Inclination Angle ◽

Reference Points ◽

Base Plane ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Maxilla And Mandible ◽

Mandibular Incisors ◽

Mandibular Base

The assessment of incisor location in lateral cephalograms is a standard strategy in orthodontic diagnostics. However, determination of reference points on apices of roots of incisors in the maxilla and mandible is not always precise due to limitations of this examination. CBCT allows to find these points with high precision. Aim. The main aim of the work was to compare measurements of the inclination angle of the most anterior upper incisor to the maxillary base plane (IL+ :NL) and of the lower incisor to the mandibular base plane (IL- :ML) performed in a teleroentgenogram with measurements of the most anterior upper and lower incisors in CBCT. An additional aim was to assess a difference in inclination between the most and the least inclined incisor in the maxilla and mandible in individual patients. Material and methods. Radiological documentation (digital cephalograms and CBCT scans) from 38 patients at the age of 11–46 years (24 females, 14 males) was used in the study. The angle 1+ :NS and 1- :ML were determined in cephalograms for each patient. An angle between the long axis of each maxillary and mandibular incisor and the maxillary base plane and mandibular base plane, respectively, was measured on CBCT scans. The t test for mean pairs was used to compare values of angles obtained in a teleroentgenogram and values of the angle of the most inclined incisor in a CBCT scan. Results. There was a statistically significant difference between the value of the angle 1+ :NS measured in a cephalogram and a value of the angle between the long axis of the most inclined maxillary incisor and the maxillary base plane evaluated in a CBCT scan (p = 0.00). Moreover, there was also a statistically significant difference between the value of the angle 1- :ML measured in a teleroentgenogram and the value of the angle between the long axis of the most inclined mandibular incisor and the mandibular base plane evaluated in a CBCT scan (p = 0.02). Conclusions. 1) The assessment of inclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors in cephalograms is not identical to the assessment of incisor inclination using CBCT scans. 2) CBCT is recommended in order to assess this parameter precisely due to great differences between measurements of the inclination angle of individual incisors in the maxilla and mandible. (Kalina E, Sobieska E, Kalina K, Zadurska M. Inclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors – comparison of measurements from teleroentgenograms and CBCT. Orthod Forum 2017; 13: 89-96).

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Effect of Incisor Angulation on Overjet and Overbite in Class II Camouflage Treatment

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/111206-460.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1011-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Yasinee Sangcharearn ◽

Christopher Ho

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Premolar Extraction ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Set Up ◽

Extraction Treatment ◽

Lower Incisors

Abstract Objectives: To determine the amount of variation in overjet and overbite that may result from changes in upper and lower incisor angulations following upper first premolar extraction treatment in Class II malocclusions. Materials and Methods: Typodonts were set up to simulate a skeletal Class II occlusion treated with upper first premolar extractions. The upper incisor angulation was altered through a range from 100° to 120° to the palatal plane by 2° increments. The overjet and overbite were measured with every 2° of upper incisor angulation change. A regression analysis was performed on the experimental data, and the regression coefficients, slope, and intercept were estimated. Results: Excessive proclination of the lower incisors will result in an abnormal overjet and overbite relationship for any magnitude of upper incisor angulation. A normal lower incisor angulation facilitates the attainment of an optimal occlusion. Excessive palatal root torque of the upper incisors will result in an increase in overjet and a consequent decrease in overbite. If the upper incisors are excessively retroclined, an edge-to-edge incisor relationship will result. Conclusion: Class II camouflage treatment with upper first premolar extractions requires correctly angulated incisors to achieve optimal buccal segment interdigitation and incisor relationship. Labial root torque and interproximal reduction of the lower anterior teeth should be considered when the lower incisors are excessively proclined.

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Assessment of Skeletal Class I Subjects of Uttarakhand using Beta Angle

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v7i1.18900 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 37-38

Author(s):

Dhananjay Rathod ◽

GP Rathod ◽

Pankaj Rathod ◽

Gazal Bisht

Keyword(s):

Angle Measurement ◽

Caucasian Population ◽

Class I ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Beta Angle ◽

Pre Treatment

Objective: To evaluate and establish the norms for Class I subjects of Uttarakhand population using the beta angle.Materials & Method: The sample included pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 100 subjects aged 18-30 years belonging to Uttarakhand ethnicity and possessing skeletal Class I malocclusion with pleasing profile. Beta angle measurement was performed and compared with Caucasian standards.Result: No statistically significant difference was found in the beta angle values of Uttarakhand and Caucasian populations. Beta angle norms for Caucasian population can be applied for the Uttarakhand population.Conclusion: Beta angle is relatively a stable parameter in population with different ethnicities.

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Distribution of different Skeletal pattern in Patients seeking Orthodontic Treatment in Mid-western Nepal

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v6i2.17412 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 7-9

Author(s):

Hemant Kumar Halwai ◽

Vanita Gautam ◽

Manju Pandey

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Dental Surgery ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skeletal Pattern ◽

Orthodontic Patients

Objective: To determine the distribution of different skeletal pattern in orthodontic patients visiting a tertiary center in midwestern Nepal.Materials & Method: A sample of 200 lateral cephalograms of Nepali patients visiting UCMS-College of Dental Surgery, Bhairahawa was obtained. The jaw base relationship was assessed from lateral cephalograms using angular measurement (ANB angle). Among the total sample size; 74 (37%) were males and 126 (63%) were female. Age was divided into 3 groups: 8-11 years, 12-17 years, and 18-36 years. Pearson Chi square test was done to test the association between age group and distribution of skeletal jaw base relationship. All data were recorded and analyzed with SPSS software.Result: The distribution of skeletal malocclusion according to ANB angle classification revealed that the most prevalent skeletal malocclusion was Class II skeletal jaw base relationship accounting up to 97(48.5%), followed by Class I 87(43.5%) and Class III 16(8%). The study showed statistically significant difference between gender and distribution of skeletal jaw base relationship (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the age groups and distribution of skeletal jaw base relationship (p<0.05).Conclusion: Most common skeletal jaw base relationship in patients seeking orthodontic patients was Class II followed by Class I and Class III in a tertiary center of mid-western Nepal.

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Comparison of achieved and predicted tooth movement of maxillary first molars and central incisors: First premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/090418-646.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 679-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fan-Fan Dai ◽

Tian-Min Xu ◽

Guang Shu

Keyword(s):

Tooth Movement ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Stable Region ◽

Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽

Mixed Effect Model ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Premolar Extraction ◽

Effect Model ◽

Incisor Retraction ◽

Extraction Treatment

ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare achieved and predicted tooth movements of maxillary first molars and central incisors in first premolar extraction cases treated with Invisalign. Materials and Methods: The present study included 30 patients who received maxillary first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign. The actual posttreatment model was registered with the pretreatment model on the palatal stable region and superimposed with the virtual posttreatment model. Achieved and predicted tooth movements of maxillary first molars and central incisors were compared using paired t-test. Linear mixed-effect model analyses were used to explore the influence of age (adolescents vs adults), attachment (G6-optimized vs 3-mm vertical, 3-mm horizontal, and 5-mm horizontal), and initial crowding on the differences between predicted and achieved tooth movement (DPATM). Results: First molars achieved greater mesial tipping, mesial translation, and intrusion than predicted. Central incisors achieved less retraction and greater lingual crown torque and extrusion than predicted. Adolescents showed greater DPATM in the mesiodistal translation of first molars and labiolingual translation of central incisors and smaller DPATM in the occlusogingival translation of the first molars and crown torque of the central incisors than adults. The 3-mm vertical attachment group showed greater DPATM in the mesiodistal translation of the first molars vs the G6-optimized attachment group. Initial crowding had an inverse correlation with DPATM in angulation and mesiodistal translation of the first molars. Conclusions: First molar anchorage control and central incisor retraction were not fully achieved as predicted in first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign. Age, attachment, and initial crowding affected the differences between predicted and achieved tooth movement.

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