RADIOMORPHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF MANDIBULAR CORTICAL INDEX AMONG YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED LITHUANIAN INDIVIDUALS

Background and objective. The aim of this study was morphological analysis of the cortical layer in the mandibular base distally from the mental foramen for determination of the mandibular cortical index in the Lithuanian young and middle-aged individuals according to gender, age, general health status, used medicine. Materials and methods. The study included 216 randomly selected subjects aged 19 to 50 years. A questionnaire was used to collect data on subjects’ age, gender, sociodemographic status, diseases, and used medicines, harmful habits. Skeletal bone status was examined according One – Minute test, panoramic radiography was performed, and panoramic radiographic images were analyzed to determine the mandibular cortical index. According to the classification by Klemetti, subjects were divided into 3 index morphological groups: C1, C2, and C3. Analysis was carried out by mentioned factors. Results. There was a significant relationship between mandibular cortical index and subject’s age (F=4.54; df=2; p=0.01), gender (χ2=16.22; df=2; p<0.01), thyroid diseases (p=0.05), hormonal preparation use (p<0.01), cigarette smoking (p<0.01). Conclusions: The study data confirmed the hypothesis that morphological changes in the cortical layer at the mandibular base were found among young and middle aged individuals with normal skeletal bone status and were significantly associated with subject’s age, gender, and other factors such as cigarette smoking, diseases having an influence on bone metabolism, used medicines.

Influence of cone beam CT volume orientation on alveolar bone measurements in patients with different facial profiles

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of cone beam CT (CBCT) volume orientation on alveolar bone measurements for dental implant planning using CBCT in patients with different facial profiles. Methods: 74 CBCT volumes were selected from a database and classified according to the facial profile of the patient. Height and width measurements of the alveolar bone were carried out with the volume of the mandible in two different orientations: occlusal plane and mandibular base parallel to the horizontal plane. The data were subjected to the mixed model methodology for repeated measures, through the PROC MIXED procedure. Multiple comparisons were performed by Tukey Kramer test (α = 0.05). Results: Alveolar bone width was significantly greater when the CBCT volume was oriented with the mandibular base parallel to the horizontal plane, for all facial profiles (p ≤ 0.05). Alveolar bone height was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) for dolichofacial individuals when compared to that of mesofacial and brachyfacial individuals, who did not differ significantly between each other (p > 0.05), regardless of the CBCT volume orientations used in this study. Conclusions: CBCT-based alveolar bone width is increased when the image volume is oriented with the mandibular base parallel to the horizontal plane and dolichofacial individuals present greater alveolar bone height.

A canalis mandibulae lefutásának vizsgálata különböző vertikális arctípusokban

Introduction: The precise knowledge of the position of canalis mandibulae and foramen mandibulae is important for surgical and endodontic interventions on the mandible. Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the position of these anatomical landmarks in different vertical facial types. Method: In the panorama radiograph of 26 normodivergent, 26 hypodivergent and 28 hyperdivergent arthritis (total of 1360 measurements) we measured the distance between the canalis mandibulae and interdental septums, the apex of the lateral teeth, the mandibular base, the goniac angle, and the steepness of the canal and the distance the foramen mandibulae to the anterior and posterior margin of the ramus. Results: ANOVA and t-test statistical analysis showed that the foramen mandibulae is farer from the posterior margin of the ramus in hipodivergent facial types, in hyperdivergent facial types the canalis mandibulae was closer to the root apex of posterior teeth and in hypodivergent types to the base of the mandible. In normal and hyperdivergent individuals, the canalis mandibulae runs steeper and in the course of running it is increasingly distanced from the tangent to the base of the mandible. Conclusion: The position of the canalis mandibulae and the foramen mandibulae showed significant differences in the different vertical facial types. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(46): 1841–1847.

Inclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors – comparison of measurements from teleroentgenograms and CBCT

The assessment of incisor location in lateral cephalograms is a standard strategy in orthodontic diagnostics. However, determination of reference points on apices of roots of incisors in the maxilla and mandible is not always precise due to limitations of this examination. CBCT allows to find these points with high precision. Aim. The main aim of the work was to compare measurements of the inclination angle of the most anterior upper incisor to the maxillary base plane (IL+ :NL) and of the lower incisor to the mandibular base plane (IL- :ML) performed in a teleroentgenogram with measurements of the most anterior upper and lower incisors in CBCT. An additional aim was to assess a difference in inclination between the most and the least inclined incisor in the maxilla and mandible in individual patients. Material and methods. Radiological documentation (digital cephalograms and CBCT scans) from 38 patients at the age of 11–46 years (24 females, 14 males) was used in the study. The angle 1+ :NS and 1- :ML were determined in cephalograms for each patient. An angle between the long axis of each maxillary and mandibular incisor and the maxillary base plane and mandibular base plane, respectively, was measured on CBCT scans. The t test for mean pairs was used to compare values of angles obtained in a teleroentgenogram and values of the angle of the most inclined incisor in a CBCT scan. Results. There was a statistically significant difference between the value of the angle 1+ :NS measured in a cephalogram and a value of the angle between the long axis of the most inclined maxillary incisor and the maxillary base plane evaluated in a CBCT scan (p = 0.00). Moreover, there was also a statistically significant difference between the value of the angle 1- :ML measured in a teleroentgenogram and the value of the angle between the long axis of the most inclined mandibular incisor and the mandibular base plane evaluated in a CBCT scan (p = 0.02). Conclusions. 1) The assessment of inclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors in cephalograms is not identical to the assessment of incisor inclination using CBCT scans. 2) CBCT is recommended in order to assess this parameter precisely due to great differences between measurements of the inclination angle of individual incisors in the maxilla and mandible. (Kalina E, Sobieska E, Kalina K, Zadurska M. Inclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors – comparison of measurements from teleroentgenograms and CBCT. Orthod Forum 2017; 13: 89-96).

Perbandingan Inklinasi dan Ukuran Rahang antara Orang Jawa Buta dan Normal

Latar Belakang. Penglihatan merupakan salah satu faktor yang diperlukan untuk mengontrol postur kepala. Postur kepala berhubungan dengan kompleks kraniofasial. Maksila dan mandibula merupakan bagian dari kompleks kraniofasial. Pada orang buta terjadi penyimpangan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan daerah orbita karena tidak adanya rangsang. Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari perbandingan inklinasi dan ukuran rahang berdasarkan jenis kelamin antara orang Jawa buta dan normal. Metode Penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 53 subjek, terdiri dari 25 orang buta ( 12 orang laki-laki dan 13 orang perempuan) dan 28 orang normal (14 orang laki-laki dan 14 orang perempuan). Setiap subjek penelitian dilakukan pengambilan sefalogram lateral pada posisi alamiah kepala, kemudian dilakukan penapakan pada kertas kalkir di atas iluminator. Pengukuran sembilan parameter inklinasi dan ukuran maksila dan mandibula dilakukan pada hasil penapakan. Data dianalisis dengan uji Anava dua jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p<0,05). Panjang mandibula dan panjang basis mandibula laki-laki normal lebih besar daripada perempuan normal dan kelompok buta, serta perempuan normal lebih besar daripada perempuan buta (p<0,05). Kesimpulan Ukuran maksila laki-laki buta lebih besar daripada perempuan normal. Panjang mandibula dan panjang basis mandibula laki-laki normal lebih besar daripada perempuan normal lebih besar daripada perempuan normal, laki-laki buta, dan perempuan buta, serta perempuan normal lebih besar daripada perempuan buta. Background Vision is one of the factors involved in the control of head posture. The posture of the head is related to craniofacial complex. Maxilla and mandible are part of craniofacial complex. In the blind there are deviations of growth and development of the orbital region in the absence of stimuli. The purpose of this study was to compare the inclinations and sizes of maxilla and mandible of the blind and normal Javanese subjects. Methods the research was conducted on 53 subjects, consisting of 25 blind subjects (12 men and 13 women) and 28 normal subjects (14 men and 14 women). Each subject of the research conductes on the lateral sefalogram in natural head position, then trace on tracing paper over the illuminator. In the nine-parameter measurements performed tracing inclination and size of the maxilla and mandible. Data were analyzed with two way ANOVA. The results showed that there were no significant differences (p<0.05) on the inclination of the maxillary, mandibular inclination, maxillary base length, and shape of the mandible between the blind and normal Java as well as between the sexes. The size of the blind males maxilla larger than normal females (p<0.05). the length of the mandible and the mandibular base length of the normal males larger than normal and the blind females, as wella as normal females is greater than the blind females (p<0.05). The conclusion The size of the maxilla of the blind males larger than normal females. The length of the mandible and the mandibular base length of the normal males larger than normal females, the blind males, and the blind females, as well as normal females is greater than the blind females.

Mandibular growth and dentoalveolar development in the treatment of Class II, division 1, malocclusion using Balters Bionator according to the skeletal maturation

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of the skeletal maturation in the mandibular and dentoalveolar growth and development during the Class II, division 1, malocclusion correction with Balters bionator. METHODS: Three groups of children with Class II, division 1, malocclusion were evaluated. Two of them were treated for one year with the bionator of Balters appliance in different skeletal ages (Group 1: 6 children, 7 to 8 years old and Group 2: 10 children, 9 to 10 years old) and the other one was followed without treatment (Control Group: 7 children, 8 to 9 years old). Lateral 45 degree cephalometric radiographs were used for the evaluation of the mandibular growth and dentoalveolar development. Tantalum metallic implants were used as fixed and stable references for radiograph superimposition and data acquisition. Student's t test was used in the statistical analysis of the displacement of the points in the condyle, ramus, mandibular base and dental points. Analysis of variance one-fixed criteria was used to evaluate group differences (95% of level of significance). RESULTS: The intragroup evaluation showed that all groups present significant skeletal growth for all points analyzed (1.2 to 3.7 mm), but in an intergroup comparison, the increment of the mandibular growth in the condyle, ramus and mandibular base were not statically different. For the dentoalveolar modifications, the less mature children showed greater labial inclination of the lower incisors (1.86 mm) and the most mature children showed greater first permanent molar extrusion (4.8 mm).

Changes in position and relationship between jaws in children treated with Delair’s mask

The aim of this study was to examine the efects of Delair`s mask on facial skeleton in patients with Class III antero-posterior jaw relationship. Two groups of children were evaluated. The first group of 34 children with Class III was treated with Delair`s mask. The second group of 46 children with Class III did not receive any orthodontic treatment and was presented as a control group. In the first group pretreatment and post treatment radiographic tracing was done while second tracing in the control group was done a year after diagnostic radiographic tracing. Analysis of the skeletal facial profile was done measuring SNA, SNB and ANB angles. Rotation of the maxillary base (NS/SpP), rotation of the mandibular base (NS/MP) and vertical relationship between jaws (SpP/MP) were also measured. The results were statisticaly analysed using T test, descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon`s test. The results of this study showed changes in facial skeleton in children treated with Delair`s mask compared to the control group. In the first group of children SNA and ANB angles were increased and the SNB angle was decreased.