The Status of Engineering Materials Industry of Japan by Trade-Flow Analysis

Abstract About half the wood extracted worldwide from forests is used as fuelwood to produce energy, about 17 percent is converted to charcoal (FAO 2017) which represents one of the least controlled/monitored segments of the European timber market. Although charcoal has a significant share on the European market of wood-based products it is not yet covered by the European Timber Regulations (EUTR), (EU) No 995/2010. For this project, a total of 150 charcoal consignments from eleven countries (Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Belgium) were examined and evaluated based on the 3D-reflected light microscopy technique. The high-resolution study indicates the proportion of different European timbers compared with that of timbers from subtropical and tropical regions. The share of subtropical and tropical species is surprisingly high with approximately 46% for material received from all countries studied, but far over 60% for Spain, Italy, Poland, and Belgium. The study shows that comparing the results for charcoal received from these countries there is an inversely proportional relation of certified products (FSC and PEFC) and products with timbers from subtropical or tropical origins. In the charcoal consignments from Switzerland, the share of timbers from subtropical or tropical origin is only 13.5%, whereas that of certified products is 60%. In material received from Spain, the proportion of timbers from subtropical or tropical regions is 67%, whereas that of certified products only 8%. A careful check of the declaration on the packaging, of the accompanying certificates, and the information on origin revealed alarming evidence: only 25% of the consignments examined provide information on the bags, e.g., with regard to the processed wood species; and well over half of such declarations were incorrect and/or incomplete. A trade flow analysis of EU member states was carried out to contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between international charcoal trade flows and the end products in European countries. This approach contributes to an essential understanding of charcoal transit in Europe and the results constitute a strong motive for the inclusion of charcoal in the respective annex to the EUTR.

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Flow Analysis and Design Suggestions for Regenerative Flow Pumps (Keynote)

Volume 1: Fora, Parts A, B, C, and D ◽

10.1115/fedsm2003-45681 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Abraham Engeda

Keyword(s):

Flow Analysis ◽

Flow Region ◽

Design Guideline ◽

Fully Developed Flow ◽

Analysis And Design ◽

Vortex Pump ◽

Developing Region ◽

The Status ◽

Regenerative Flow ◽

Flow Pump

The Regenerative Flow Pump, here referred to as RFP is a turbomachine capable of developing high pressure ratios in a single stage. It is also known with other names such as: • Peripheral pump; • Side channel pump; • Turbine pump; • Drag pump; • Traction pump; • Vortex pump. This paper reviews the status of the RFP and proposes a design guideline, with the aim to improve the performance and efficiency of the RFP. All previous works concentrated on the fully-developed flow region in the RFP and this work expands the consideration to the developing region.

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Overseas Oil Cooperation between China and India Based on Crude Oil Trade Flow Analysis

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/153/3/032046 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 153 ◽

pp. 032046

Author(s):

Zhijie Zhang ◽

Wanli Xing

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Trade Flow ◽

China And India

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A trade flow analysis of the global softwood log market: implications of Russian log export tax reduction and New Zealand log production restriction

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1093/forestry/cpv038 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 20-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wei-Yew Chang ◽

Chris Gaston

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Trade Flow ◽

Export Tax ◽

Tax Reduction

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The competitiveness of Canadian softwood lumber: a disaggregated trade-flow analysis

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2014-0058 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (12) ◽

pp. 1494-1506 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wei-Yew Chang ◽

Chris Gaston

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Mountain Pine Beetle ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Trade Flow ◽

Forest Products ◽

The United States ◽

Lower Grade ◽

Restrictive Assumption ◽

Softwood Lumber ◽

Dimension Lumber

A recursive dynamic spatial equilibrium model is used to examine the global competitiveness of Canadian softwood lumber. To address the restrictive assumption of softwood lumber homogeneity, this study disaggregates softwood lumber into two product groups: (i) higher grade lumber that includes appearance, select structural-grade lumber, and Japanese J-grade lumber; and (ii) lower grade lumber that includes the United States dimension lumber that is commonly used in construction and utility- and economy-grade lumber. Factors that may affect global softwood lumber markets are simulated in the model to project global softwood lumber trade flows from 2012 to 2021. The results indicate that the reduced lumber supply in western Canada caused by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) infestation combined with demand increases in several regions of the world will contribute to a global increase in softwood lumber prices. Our results suggest that the global price increase will be greater for lower grade softwood lumber than for higher grade lumber. The United States and China will continue to be the top two markets for lower grade Canadian softwood lumber. Although Canadian exports of lower grade softwood lumber to the United States are expected to increase marginally over time in response to the recovery of American housing starts, softwood lumber exports to China are expected to drop significantly, and it is forecasted that exports from the Russian Federation will fill that void. These findings provide strong market signals for both forest managers and the forest-products industry to assess supply chain profitability and adjust production planning accordingly.

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A synergy model of material and energy flow analysis for the calcination process of green petroleum coke in rotary kiln

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci210131188l ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 188-188

Author(s):

Peng Li ◽

Baokuan Li ◽

Zhongqiu Liu ◽

Yang Yu

Keyword(s):

Energy Saving ◽

Resource Utilization ◽

Rotary Kiln ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Mathematical Framework ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Calcination Process ◽

The Status ◽

Green Petroleum Coke

The main objective of this paper is to establish a mathematical framework to analyze the complex material and energy performance of the calcinations process based on the fundamental mass and energy conservations. The synergy degree of vital order parameters was defined and evaluated to assess the status and order of the calcination process. Furthermore, the synergy model for resource utilization and energy saving has also been developed. The results show that the energy efficiencies of the drying kiln, rotary kiln, incinerator and the cooler are 63.574%, 37.709%, 76.782% and 74.758%, respectively. Meanwhile, the synergy degree of the whole calcination system is determined as 0.507. Based on the result, several suggestions were proposed to improve the resource utilization, energy-saving and synergy performance. Assessing the performance of suggested improvements, the synergy degree was re-evaluated and recorded a substantial enhancement up to 0.809. The present work provides valuable insights and comprehensive analysis tool for assessing the performance and potential optimization of the calcination process.

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Control of the Tender Stage for the Quality of Engineering Materials

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.939 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 312 ◽

pp. 939-943

Author(s):

Li Jun Yin

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Construction Project ◽

Status Quo ◽

Source Control ◽

Effective Control ◽

Construction Work ◽

Rigorous Formulation ◽

The Status ◽

Engineering Materials

In this paper, it analyses the current construction project bidding stage tender documents, introduces the status quo of China's building materials market. Building materials in the construction work is proposed in the tender stage through the tender documents rigorous formulation of certain measures, effective control of the quality of engineering materials, in order to achieve the purpose of the quality of the project from the source control.

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VICTORIA: VIrtual neck Curve and True Ostium Reconstruction of Intracranial Aneurysms

Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology ◽

10.1007/s13239-021-00535-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Philipp Berg ◽

Benjamin Behrendt ◽

Samuel Voß ◽

Oliver Beuing ◽

Belal Neyazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Web Application ◽

Intracranial Aneurysms ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Parent Vessel ◽

Aneurysm Neck ◽

Flow Simulations ◽

Medical Background ◽

The Status ◽

Hemodynamic Simulations ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract Purpose For the status evaluation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs), morphological and hemodynamic parameters can provide valuable information. For their extraction, a separation of the aneurysm sac from its parent vessel is required that yields the neck curve and the ostium. However, manual and subjective neck curve and ostium definitions might lead to inaccurate IA assessments. Methods The research project VICTORIA was initiated, allowing users to interactively define the neck curve of five segmented IA models using a web application. The submitted results were qualitatively and quantitatively compared to identify the minimum, median and maximum aneurysm surface area. Finally, image-based blood flow simulations were carried out to assess the effect of variable neck curve definitions on relevant flow- and shear-related parameters. Results In total, 55 participants (20 physicians) from 18 countries participated in VICTORIA. For relatively simple aneurysms, a good agreement with respect to the neck curve definition was found. However, differences among the participants increased with increasing complexity of the aneurysm. Furthermore, it was observed that the majority of participants excluded any small arteries occurring in the vicinity of an aneurysm. This can lead to non-negligible deviations among the flow- and shear-related parameters, which need to be carefully evaluated, if quantitative analysis is desired. Finally, no differences between participants with medical and non-medical background could be observed. Conclusions VICTORIAs findings reveal the complexity of aneurysm neck curve definition, especially for bifurcation aneurysms. Standardization appears to be mandatory for future sac-vessel-separations. For hemodynamic simulations a careful neck curve definition is crucial to avoid inaccuracies during the quantitative flow analysis.

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Mission as breaking down walls, opening gates and empowering traders: From contextualisation to deep contextualisation

HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies ◽

10.4102/hts.v73i1.4621 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cornelius J.P. Niemandt

Keyword(s):

Trade Flow ◽

Status Quo ◽

First Century ◽

University Of Pretoria ◽

The Future ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

The University ◽

The Church ◽

Breaking Work

The research addressed the issue of symbolic walls that divide, segregate, preserve and institutionalise. The way in which institutions and especially the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria facilitated symbolic ‘walls’ was discussed in the overview of the Department of Science of Religion and Missiology in the first century of the Faculty of Theology. The concepts of ‘gatekeepers’ and ‘traders’ were then applied because walls, paradoxically, need gates to facilitate control, movement and, eventually, life. Gatekeepers were described as the guardians of the status quo, and traders as agents who, in one way or another, facilitate movement, trade, flow and life in the midst of the shadows of walls. Missionaries are, by the very nature of the missionary enterprise, more traders than gatekeepers. Here, the work of Bosch – specifically his ground-breaking work on mission as contextualisation – provides an explanation of the art of mission as breaking down walls, opening gates and empowering traders. That is precisely why Missiology is particularly well suited to assist the church and theology in the art of breaking down walls. The theological imperative of contextualisation means that the life of the church, theology, and thus theological training, cannot do without Missiology. The concept of ‘deep contextualisation’ was discussed as a particularly relevant approach to include a post-anthropomorphic discourse in Missiology. It can assist with the reorientation of the history of mission on the whole of history and, thus, also deep history. The concept also provides a way to address the discourses on colonialisation and includes a reorientation on the future and embracing hope.

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