2092-P: Impact of Insulin Resistance on Response to a Meal by Salience, Executive Control, and Default Mode Resting State Networks in Humans

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2092-P
Author(s):  
LETICIA ESPOSITO SEWAYBRICKER ◽  
SUSAN J. MELHORN ◽  
MARY K. ASKREN ◽  
MARY WEBB ◽  
VIDHI TYAGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Default Mode

The effects of the functional interplay between the Default Mode and Executive Control Resting State Networks on cognitive outcome in preterm born infants at 6 months of age

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 105669
Author(s):  
Pasquale Anthony Della Rosa ◽  
Matteo Canini ◽  
Elisa Marchetta ◽  
Sara Cirillo ◽  
Silvia Pontesilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Preterm Born

scholarly journals Neurophysiology (fMRI)

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S38-S38
Author(s):  
ST Lang ◽  
B Goodyear ◽  
J Kelly ◽  
P Federico
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Eloquent Cortex

Background: Resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) provides many advantages to task-based fMRI in neurosurgical populations, foremost of which is the lack of the need to perform a task. Many networks can be identified by rs-fMRI in a single period of scanning. Despite the advantages, there is a paucity of literature on rs-fMRI in neurosurgical populations. Methods: Eight patients with tumours near areas traditionally considered as eloquent cortex participated in a five minute rs-fMRI scan. Resting-state fMRI data underwent Independent Component Analysis (ICA) using the Multivariate Exploratory Linear Optimized Decomposition into Independent Components (MELODIC) toolbox in FSL. Resting state networks (RSNs) were identified on a visual basis. Results: Several RSNs, including language (N=7), sensorimotor (N=7), visual (N=7), default mode network (N=8) and frontoparietal attentional control (n=7) networks were readily identifiable using ICA of rs-fMRI data. Conclusion: These pilot data suggest that ICA applied to rs-fMRI data can be used to identify motor and language networks in patients with brain tumours. We have also shown that RSNs associated with cognitive functioning, including the default mode network and the frontoparietal attentional control network can be identified in individual subjects with brain tumours. While preliminary, this suggests that rs-fMRI may be used pre-operatively to localize areas of cortex important for higher order cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals Striatal and prefrontal D2R and SERT distributions contrastingly correlate with default-mode connectivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor M. Ionescu ◽  
Mario Amend ◽  
Rakibul Hafiz ◽  
Bharat B. Biswal ◽  
Andreas Maurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Rodent Brain ◽  
Level Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Molecular Brain

AbstractThe molecular substrate of resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) remains poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate interactions of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and serotonin transporter (SERT) availabilities in main dopaminergic and serotonergic projection areas with the default-mode network (DMN) and two other resting-state networks (RSNs), the salience (SN) and sensorimotor networks (SMN). We performed simultaneous PET/fMRI scans in rats using [11C]raclopride and [11C]DASB to image D2R and SERT distributions, showing for the first time direct relationships between rs-FC and molecular properties of the rodent brain. We found negative associations between CPu D2R availability and all RSNs investigated. Strikingly, medial prefrontal SERT correlated both positively with anterior DMN rs-FC and negatively with rs-FC between the other networks, underlining serotonin’s intricate role in this region. By further elucidating the link between molecular brain properties and its network-level function, our data support future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.TeaserSimultaneous PET/fMRI indicates direct associations between monoaminergic neurotransmission and brain functional networks.

scholarly journals Hypo- and hyper-connectivity in default mode network related to social impairment in tweens with autism spectrum disorder

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma Matthysen ◽  
Daniele Marinazzo ◽  
Roma Siugzdaite
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Connectivity Pattern ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Default Mode

Background. Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder, marked by impairment in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Accumulating data suggests that alterations in functional connectivity might contribute to these deficits. Whereas functional connectivity in resting state fMRI is expressed by several resting-state networks, for this study we examined several of them, but our particular interest was in the default mode network (DMN), given its age dependent alteration of functional connectivity and its relation to social communication. Methods. Since the studies investigating young children (6-8 years) with autism have found hypo-connectivity in DMN and studies on adolescents (12-16 years old) with autism have found hyper-connectivity in the DMN, we were interested in connectivity pattern during the age of 8 to 12, so we investigated the role of altered intrinsic connectivity in 16 children (mean age 9.75 ±1.6 years) with autism spectrum disorder compared to 16 typically developing controls in the DMN and other resting-state networks. Results. Results show that, compared to controls, the group with autism spectrum disorder showed signs of both hypo- and hyper-connectivity in different regions of the resting-state networks related to social communication. Conclusion. That suggests that transition period from childhood to adolescence carries the complexity of functional connectivity from both age groups. Regions that showed differences in functional connectivity were discussed in relation to social communication difficulties.

scholarly journals Executive control in bilinguals: A concise review on fMRI studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOS PLIATSIKAS ◽  
GIGI LUK
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Language Control

The investigation of bilingualism and cognition has been enriched by recent developments in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Extending how bilingual experience shapes cognition, this review examines recent fMRI studies adopting executive control tasks with minimal or no linguistic demands. Across a range of studies with divergent ages and language pairs spoken by bilinguals, brain regions supporting executive control significantly overlap with brain regions recruited for language control (Abutalebi & Green). Furthermore, limited but emerging studies on resting-state networks are addressed, which suggest more coherent spatially distributed functional connectivity in bilinguals. Given the dynamic nature of bilingual experience, it is essential to consider both task-related functional networks (externally-driven engagement), and resting-state networks, such as default mode network (internal control). Both types of networks are important elements of bilingual language control, which relies on domain-general executive control.

scholarly journals Cognitive and default-mode resting state networks: Do male and female brains “rest” differently?

2010 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Irit Weissman-Fogel ◽  
Massieh Moayedi ◽  
Keri S. Taylor ◽  
Geoff Pope ◽  
Karen D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Default Mode

scholarly journals Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Rumination Scores with EEG Connectivity of Resting State Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
A. V. Bocharov ◽  
G. G. Knyazev ◽  
A. N. Savostyanov ◽  
A. E. Saprygin ◽  
E. A. Proshina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Seed Method

Abstract The aim of the research was to study the effect of depression, anxiety, and rumination scores on the balance of activity of the default mode network and attention networks revealed in the resting state EEG records. Forty-five healthy volunteers (24 men aged from 18 to 25 years) participated in the resting state EEG recording. The participants filled in the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI II), Ruminative Responses Scale, and Eysenck Personality Profiler. The connectivity measures of resting state networks were calculated in EEG data. The networks were detected by the “seed” method. The effects of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and rumination on the connectivity of the networks were analyzed by the regression method. The depressive symptom scores and the rumination scores were correlated with the dominance of the default mode network over attention networks in the right temporal cortex. The depression scores and the anxiety scores were correlated with the dominance of attention networks over the default mode network in the anterior cingulate cortex. It could be suggested that rumination processes are specific for depressive symptoms and are reflected in the dominance of the default mode network in brain structures associated with the processing of emotional introspection. Common to depressive and anxious symptoms is a state of alertness, which is reflected in the dominance of attention networks in brain structures associated with decision-making.

scholarly journals Medial Temporal Lobe Contributions to Resting-State Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Seoane ◽  
Cristián Modroño ◽  
José Luis González Mora ◽  
Niels Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network

Abstract The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a set of interconnected brain regions that have been shown to play a central role in behavior as well as in neurological disease. Recent studies using resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) have attempted to understand the MTL in terms of its functional connectivity with the rest of the brain. However, the exact characterization of the whole-brain networks that co-activate with the MTL as well as how the various sub-regions of the MTL are associated with these networks remains poorly understood. Here we attempted to advance these issues by exploiting the high spatial-resolution 7T rsfMRI dataset from the Human Connectome Project with a data-driven analysis approach that relied on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) restricted to the MTL. We found that four different well-known resting-state networks co-activated with a unique configuration of MTL subcomponents. Specifically, we found that different sections of the parahippocampal cortex were involved in the default mode, visual and dorsal attention networks, sections of the hippocampus in the somatomotor and default mode networks, and the lateral entorhinal cortex in the dorsal attention network. We replicated this set of results in a validation sample. These results provide new insight into how the MTL and its subcomponents contribute to known resting-state networks. The participation of the MTL in an expanded range of resting-state networks requires a rethink of its presumed role in behavior and disease.

The Default Mode and Other Resting State Networks

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Papanicolaou
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Default Mode

Brain activity during rest, as measured and imaged mainly by fMRI, appears to be due to a number of simultaneously active neuronal networks. The network identified first is the default mode network, which has been used as a marker of conscious awareness in patients with compromised consciousness. In this chapter, the methods of deriving this and other resting networks are outlined, the reliability of each network is assessed, and the question of the functional significance of the default mode network including its relevance to the theory of mind and morality is addressed through a critical appraisal of the relevant literature.

Aberrant regional homogeneity of resting-state executive control, default mode, and salience networks in adult patients with moyamoya disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lei ◽  
Jiabin Su ◽  
Hanqiang Jiang ◽  
Qihao Guo ◽  
Wei Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Default Mode
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