Training adaptations in skeletal muscle of juvenile diabetics

Diabetes ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Costill ◽  
P. Cleary ◽  
W. J. Fink ◽  
C. Foster ◽  
J. L. Ivy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Juvenile Diabetics

Training Adaptations in Skeletal Muscle of Juvenile Diabetics

Diabetes ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Costill ◽  
P. Cleary ◽  
W. J. Fink ◽  
C. Foster ◽  
J. L. Ivy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Juvenile Diabetics

Increased Capillary Permeability to 131Iodide and [51Cr]EDTA in the Exercising Forearm of Long-Term Diabetics

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Trap-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Capillary Membrane ◽  
51Cr Edta ◽  
Juvenile Diabetics

1. The skeletal muscle capillary permeability to 131I− and [51Cr]EDTA was studied in the exercising human forearm of seventeen non-diabetics and seventeen long-term juvenile diabetics with clinical signs of diabetic angiopathy. 2. The permeability data was obtained using the indicator diffusion technique, which implies intra-arterial injection and collection of multiple venous samples during the first passage of the tracers through the organ. The capillary permeability was expressed as the capillary diffusion capacity, CDC, i.e. the maximum unidirectional flux of tracer over the capillary membrane of 100 g of muscle per unit concentration difference over the capillary. 3. The average values for both CDCI and CDCCr-EDTA were found to be significantly increased (P < 0·001) in long-term diabetics as opposed to non-diabetics: CDC1 = 18·7 (SD, 3·2), 13·2 (SD, 1·0); CDCCr-EDTA = 6·74 (SD, 1·09), 3·73 (SD, 0·30)mol 100g−1 min−1 per mol ml−1 respectively. 4. The findings indicate an increased skeletal muscle capillary permeability in long-term diabetics which most probably is due to an increased permeability per unit capillary surface area.

scholarly journals The impact of exercise on mitochondrial dynamics and the role of Drp1 in exercise performance and training adaptations in skeletal muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Moore ◽  
Zhenqi Zhou ◽  
Whitaker Cohn ◽  
Frode Norheim ◽  
Amanda J. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

scholarly journals Reduced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and impaired training adaptations in heart failure

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e12353 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Southern ◽  
Terence E. Ryan ◽  
Kirsten Kepple ◽  
Jonathan R. Murrow ◽  
Kent R. Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Training Adaptations

scholarly journals Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion Effects on Physiological Adaptations to Resistance Training and the Underlying Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C. Petersen ◽  
Jackson J. Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Post-exercise cold-water immersion (CWI) is a popular recovery modality aimed at minimizing fatigue and hastening recovery following exercise. In this regard, CWI has been shown to be beneficial for accelerating post-exercise recovery of various parameters including muscle strength, muscle soreness, inflammation, muscle damage, and perceptions of fatigue. Improved recovery following an exercise session facilitated by CWI is thought to enhance the quality and training load of subsequent training sessions, thereby providing a greater training stimulus for long-term physiological adaptations. However, studies investigating the long-term effects of repeated post-exercise CWI instead suggest CWI may attenuate physiological adaptations to exercise training in a mode-specific manner. Specifically, there is evidence post-exercise CWI can attenuate improvements in physiological adaptations to resistance training, including aspects of maximal strength, power, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy, without negatively influencing endurance training adaptations. Several studies have investigated the effects of CWI on the molecular responses to resistance exercise in an attempt to identify the mechanisms by which CWI attenuates physiological adaptations to resistance training. Although evidence is limited, it appears that CWI attenuates the activation of anabolic signaling pathways and the increase in muscle protein synthesis following acute and chronic resistance exercise, which may mediate the negative effects of CWI on long-term resistance training adaptations. There are, however, a number of methodological factors that must be considered when interpreting evidence for the effects of post-exercise CWI on physiological adaptations to resistance training and the potential underlying mechanisms. This review outlines and critiques the available evidence on the effects of CWI on long-term resistance training adaptations and the underlying molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle, and suggests potential directions for future research to further elucidate the effects of CWI on resistance training adaptations.

scholarly journals The Role of the Skeletal Muscle Secretome in Mediating Endurance and Resistance Training Adaptations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurel B. Leuchtmann ◽  
Volkan Adak ◽  
Sedat Dilbaz ◽  
Christoph Handschin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Function

Exercise, in the form of endurance or resistance training, leads to specific molecular and cellular adaptions not only in skeletal muscles, but also in many other organs such as the brain, liver, fat or bone. In addition to direct effects of exercise on these organs, the production and release of a plethora of different signaling molecules from skeletal muscle are a centerpiece of systemic plasticity. Most studies have so far focused on the regulation and function of such myokines in acute exercise bouts. In contrast, the secretome of long-term training adaptation remains less well understood, and the contribution of non-myokine factors, including metabolites, enzymes, microRNAs or mitochondrial DNA transported in extracellular vesicles or by other means, is underappreciated. In this review, we therefore provide an overview on the current knowledge of endurance and resistance exercise-induced factors of the skeletal muscle secretome that mediate muscular and systemic adaptations to long-term training. Targeting these factors and leveraging their functions could not only have broad implications for athletic performance, but also for the prevention and therapy in diseased and elderly populations.

Skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise: a century of progress

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc T. Hamilton ◽  
Frank W. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Biochemical Signals ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Skeletal muscle physiology and biochemistry is an established field with Nobel Prize-winning scientists, dating back to the 1920s. Not until the mid to late 1960s did there appear a major focus on physiological and biochemical training adaptations in skeletal muscle. The study of adaptations to exercise training reveals a wide range of integrative approaches, from the systemic to the molecular level. Advances in our understanding of training adaptations have come in waves caused by the introduction of new experimental approaches. Research has revealed that exercise can be effective at preventing and/or treating some of the most common chronic diseases of the latter half of the 20th century. Endurance-trained muscle is more effective at clearing plasma triglyceride, glucose, and free fatty acids. However, at the present time, most of the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of human skeletal muscle to exercise still remain to be discovered. Little is known about the regulatory factors (e.g., trans-acting proteins or signaling pathways) directly modulating the expression of exercise-responsive genes. Because so many potential physiological and biochemical signals change during exercise, it will be an important challenge in the next century to move beyond “correlational studies” and to identify responsible mechanisms. Skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations may prove to be a critical component to preventing diseases such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Therefore, training studies have had an impact on setting the stage for a potential “preventive medicine reformation” in a society needing a return to a naturally active lifestyle of our ancestors.

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