scholarly journals A Tailored Therapy for the Metabolic Syndrome : The Dual Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- /  Agonist LY465608 Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Diabetic Hyperglycemia While Improving Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Preclinical Models

Diabetes ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Etgen ◽  
B. A. Oldham ◽  
W. T. Johnson ◽  
C. L. Broderick ◽  
C. R. Montrose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Tailored Therapy ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptors and The Metabolic Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a growing threat to global health by virtue of its association with insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, collectively known as the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The nuclear receptors PPARα and PPARγ are therapeutic targets for hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, respectively, and drugs that modulate these receptors are currently in clinical use. More recent work on the PPARδ has uncovered a dual benefit for both hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, highlighting the broad potential of PPARs in the treatment of metabolic disease.CONTENT: We have learned much about PPARs, the metabolic fat sensors, and the molecular pathways they regulate. Through their distinct tissue distribution and specific target gene activation, the three PPARs together control diverse aspects of fatty acid metabolism, energy balance, insulin sensitivity glucose homeostasis, inflammation, hypertension and atherosclerosis. These studies have advanced our understanding of the etiology for the MetS. Mechanisms revealed by these studies highlight the importance of emerging concepts, such as the endocrine function of adipose tissue, tissue-tissue cross-talk and lipotoxicity, in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD.SUMMARY: The elucidation of key regulators of energy balance and insulin signaling have revolutionized our understanding of fat and sugar metabolism and their intimate link. The three ‘lipidsensing’ (PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ) exemplify this connection, regulating diverse aspects of lipid and glucose homeostasis, and serving as bonafide therapeutic targets.KEYWORDS: Peroxisome Proliferator, Activated Receptor, Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its coactivator-1 alpha may be associated with features of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sookoian ◽  
S I García ◽  
P I Porto ◽  
G Dieuzeide ◽  
C D González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Pressures

Our objective was to search for differences in genotypes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (Pro12 Ala) and its coactivator PGC-1α (Gly482 Ser) in adolescents harboring features of metabolic syndrome. In a population-based study, we determined medical history, anthropometric variables, biochemical measurements and arterial blood pressures of 934 high-school students of Caucasian origin. We selected 220 adolescents who had systolic or diastolic blood pressures more than the 80th or less than the 20th percentiles based on the previous single set of measurements. One hundred and seventy-five adolescents completed the study and underwent two additional blood pressure measurements on different days, as well as biochemical analysis and genotyping. We found no association between insulin resistance, body mass index (BMI) and leptin levels and PPARγ and PGC-1α genotypes. The 12 Ala PPARγ allele was associated with increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and carriers seemed to have higher diastolic blood pressure and lower pulse pressure than non-carriers, particularly in the hypertensive and overweight group. Although Ser482 Ser PGC-1α homozygotes had lower WHRs than other PGC-1α genotypes, they were more frequent in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive (44.4 vs 24.5%, P<0.03), so the 482 Ser PGC-1 allele was in our population a risk factor for hypertension independently of WHR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, BMI and Pro12 Ala PPARγ variant (odds ratio=4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.5–10.6, P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that age- and sex-adjusted systolic blood pressure correlated with the 482 Ser PGC-1 allele regardless of those covariates. In conclusion, the Gly482 Ser variant of the PGC-1α gene may be an independent genetic risk factor for young-onset hypertension.

scholarly journals South Asian diets and insulin resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Misra ◽  
Lokesh Khurana ◽  
Sumit Isharwal ◽  
Swati Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
High Intake ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

A role of dietary nutrients in relation to insulin resistance has been suggested but conclusive evidence in human beings is lacking. Asian Indians and South Asians are prone to develop insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. In the present paper, data pertaining to nutrient intake, insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Indians and South Asians have been reviewed. In these populations, several dietary imbalances have been reported: low intake of MUFA, n-3 PUFA and fibre, and high intake of fats, saturated fats, carbohydrates and trans-fatty acids (mostly related to the widespread use of Vanaspati, a hydrogenated oil). Some data suggest that these nutrient imbalances are associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and subclinical inflammation in South Asians. Specifically, in children and young individuals, a high intake of n-6 PUFA is correlated with fasting hyperinsulinaemia, and in adults, high-carbohydrate meal consumption was reported to cause hyperinsulinaemia, postprandial hyperglycaemia and hypertriacylglycerolaemia. Dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA leads to an improved lipid profile but not insulin sensitivity. Inadequate maternal nutrition in pregnancy, low birth weight and childhood ‘catch-up’ obesity may be important for the development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Even in rural populations, who usually consume traditional frugal diets, there is an increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome due to changes in diets and lifestyle. Nationwide community intervention programmes aimed at creating awareness about the consequences of unhealthy food choices and replacing them by healthy food choices are urgently needed in urban and rural populations in India, other countries in South Asia and in migrant South Asians.

Investigation of the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome in childhood and examination of left ventricular function by echocardiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Güzin Özden ◽  
Ayşe Esin Kibar Gül ◽  
Eda Mengen ◽  
Ahmet Ucaktürk ◽  
Hazım Alper Gürsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Common Component

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate the cardiovascular risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is increasingly becoming prevalent in childhood obesity. Methods A total of 113 patients, 76 of whom were between the ages of 10 and 17 (mean age: 14.5 ± 1.8 years) and diagnosed with obesity (30 non-MetS and 46 MetS using IDF) and 37 of whom constituted the control group, participated in the study. Echocardiographic examination and atherogenicity parameters (Atherogenic index of plasma [AIP: logTG/HDL], total cholesterol/HDL, and TG/HDL ratio and non-HDL) were evaluated. Results The most common component accompanying obese MetS was found to be hypertension and low HDL. While obesity duration, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, atherogenicity parameters were determined to be significantly higher in the obese-MetS group. Echocardiography showed that while the thickness, volume, and diameter of LV end-diastolic wall, left ventricular mass (LVM), LVM index (LVMI g/m2) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were significantly high in the MetS group, however, mitral E/A ratio was significantly lower (p<0.05). Change in LV geometry consistent with concentric remodeling (increased RWT, normal LVMI) was visible in obese groups. LVM were positively significantly related to BMI, waist circumference, insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL level, and negative to mitral E/A ratio. In the obese-MetS group, LVMI was positively correlated to office systolic BP, left atrium end-diastolic volume/index. Conclusions LVMI and atherogenicity parameters that were found to be significantly higher in obese MetS exhibit increased cardiovascular risk in childhood.

scholarly journals The Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 5698-5703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph H. Saely ◽  
Stefan Aczel ◽  
Thomas Marte ◽  
Peter Langer ◽  
Guenter Hoefle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance in Association with Thyroid Function, Psychoemotional State, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3388
Author(s):  
Nijole Kazukauskiene ◽  
Aurelija Podlipskyte ◽  
Giedrius Varoneckas ◽  
Narseta Mickuviene
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Psychoemotional State ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Individuals with insulin resistance (IR) have a high risk of diabetes or metabolic syndrome, and they are more likely to have depression. Furthermore, IR by itself is a major cardiovascular risk factor in healthy persons. Thus, we aimed to investigate IR in association with thyroid function, psychoemotional state, and cardiovascular risk factors among 45–84-year-old citizens of Palanga. Methods: A randomized epidemiological study was performed with 850 subjects. All participants were evaluated for sociodemographic, clinical, and cardiovascular risk factors and biochemical analysis. IR was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Results: All study participants were stratified into groups without IR (HOMA-IR ≤ 2.7) and with IR (HOMA-IR > 2.7). The analysis of parameters between the two study groups showed some statistically significant relationships between IR and cardiovascular risk factors. The predictable accuracy was presented using receiver performance characteristic curves for HOMA-IR scores in women and men separately. If the HOMA-IR score is higher than 3.45, individuals are significantly more likely to have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Conclusions: An increase of fasting glucose and more frequent incidence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in subjects with IR are associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. There was no significant association between thyroid function and HOMA-IR. HOMA-IR cut-offs could predict the presence of T2DM.

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