On revealing risk groups regarding emotional burn-out syndrome among medical workers during the covid-19 pandemic

Medical workers have become a most affected population group during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). They were the first to start fighting against an unknown infection and at that stage their psychoemotional state determined not only correct evaluations of a situation but also relevant planning regarding control over it. Our research aim was to reveal risk groups among medical workers regarding developing emotional burnout syndrome and peculiarities of reacting to stress in an emergency epidemic situation. We applied our own author’s anonymous online poll available at Google platform to examine psychoemotional state of medical workers. The poll had a built-in “Scale of perceived stress-10” that included two sub-scales; one of them measured a subjectively perceived level of the situation strain and the other, the amounts of efforts made by medical workers to overcome it. The poll was performed in November–December 2020; overall, 638 medical workers took part in it. They were of different age and sex and had different positions and working experience. We established great variability in individual levels of overstrain as per the stress perception sub-scale (Ех < 0; Ех = –0.59) with more “low” than “high” values as per this sub-scale (Аs > 0; Аs = 5.66). Having analyzed variability of values as per the stress overcoming sub-scale, we revealed that they were homogenous (Ех > 0; Ех = 3.98) with prevailing “high” values (Аs < 0; Аs = –6.97). Medical workers with their working experience being shorter than 5 years turned out to be a risk group with the most destructive reactions to long-term affecting stress factors at work and at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from them, high mental risks were also detected for workers who treated patients with COVID-19 as well as those who had previously had the coronavirus infection. The research allowed obtaining actual data on psychoemotional state of medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determining potential risk groups regarding developing emotional burnout syndrome. We substantiated the necessity to constantly provide psychological trainings for medical workers with their focus on peculiarities of their reacting during the first meeting with destabilizing factors and with further adjustment of educational programs provided for potential risk groups.

Communicative sabotage, suicide and avoidance as evidences of communicative discomfort

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the article is to compare and distinguish between the communication phenomena of sabotage, suicide, and avoidance displayed in the speech of characters of modern Ukrainian plays; to define them as communicative tactics that do not always violate communicative comfort and lead to conflict in communication; to characterize the main communicative goals and maxims affected by these communicative tactics. The key methods of the study, in addition to general scientific ones, were such dedicated linguistic methods as contextual and situational, speech and action analysis of communicative sabotage, suicide, and avoidance, as well as the method of structural and pragmatic analysis to provide characteristics of speech abnormal behavior of characters in modern Ukrainian plays, to identify of the consequences of communicative sabotage, suicide, and avoidance. The tactics violating the rules of the communication code are communicative sabotage, communicative suicide, and communicative avoidance. Communicative sabotage is mainly used by characters in a negative psychoemotional state as a way to express irritation and contempt, which causes changes in the focus of communication and hinders the achievement of the objective, informative and communicative goals of communication.

Modern approach to the treatment of patients with androgen-dependent dermatopathies

Introduction. About 10–20% of patients among women of reproductive age suffer from signs and symptoms of androgen excess in hyperandrogenism. Its skin symptoms may include hirsutism, acne, seborrhea and alopecia.Aim. To assess the effect of cyproterone acetate on skin symptoms of hyperandrogenism and improvement in the patients’ quality of life after treatment.Materials and methods. The study included 120 patients with skin symptoms of hyperandrogenism. The patients ranged in age from 18 to 35 years. The inclusion criteria were the main complaints of the patients as follows: acne, hirsutism and alopecia. The patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination. The drug of choice for the treatment of androgendependent dermatopathies was cyproterone acetate at a dose of 50–100 mg daily.Results and discussion. All patients were divided into three groups: 44 (37%) patients with hirsutism, 55 (53%) with acne, 12 (10%) with alopecia. Moreover, 32 (27%) patients had a mix of symptoms at the same time. Such patients were assigned to one of the groups depending on the predominant complaint. All patients were prescribed cyproterone acetate at a dose of 50-100 mg once daily, depending on the severity of symptoms from day 1 to day 10 of the menstrual cycle, and 54 (52%) patients were prescribed cyproterone acetate 20 mg and ethinyl estradiol 35 mg from day 1 to day 21 of the menstrual cycle. The study showed stabilization of the psychoemotional state, relief of anxiety, depressive disorders, enhancement of self-esteem and sociability, and improvement of the quality of life in its various manifestations in the majority of patients after the treatment.Сonclusion. When assessed using the dermatology life quality index questionnaires, all patients reported the stabilization of the psychoemotional state and the improvement in the quality of life after the treatment. The anxiety and depressive disorders decreased in 109 (91%) patients, which favourably influenced various areas of quality of life, enhanced self-esteem and sociability with a positive effect on personal relationships.

Pilot study on the evaluation of the effectiveness of psychocorrection methods that include EEG-training and VR headset in athletes involved in extreme kinds of sports

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of psychocorrection based on the methods of self­regulation in athletes.Materials and methods: the effectiveness was evaluated on 104 male athletes who had an optimal level of psychoemotional state of the body during a background examination by electroencephalography (EEG). The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups of psychocorrection: control, EEGtraining, and VR­therapy. Mathematical and statistical processing was carried out in Statistica 7.Results: the average values of the wave intensity index (WII) after psychological correction using the following methods: EEG­training and VRtherapy showed positive EEG dynamics in athletes of the second group (EEG­training) 65,6 % (21) and the third group (Vr­therapy) 73,8 % (31) of the subjects, respectively. Whereas in the control group, self­healing was recorded in 9 (30 %) athletes without psychocorrection procedures.Conclusion: the quantitative criterion of WII is a universal informative indicator of the functional activity of the brain for evaluating the effectiveness of psychocorrection aimed at optimizing the psychoemotional state. Psychocorrection of athletes using EEG­training and VR­therapy provides efficiency in 73.8 and 65.6 % of cases, which significantly softens pre­start tension as a result of reducing anxiety and restoring the psychoemotional state of the body to an optimal level by involving the psychological reserve.

The effectiveness of psychological support with the use of hepato-immunoprotectors as predictors in drug therapy of tuberculosis

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological (adherence to treatment) and accompanying drug therapy depending on the form of pulmonary tuberculosis. The results of complex therapy of 326 patients with various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis are considered. All patients received etiotropic treatment, taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen to anti-tuberculosis drugs, as well as support therapy, including psychological support and, if indicated, hepatoprotective therapy with Remaxol. When analyzing the dependence of the psychoemotional state of patients on the form of the tuberculous process in the lungs, it was noted that high adherence to therapy was observed in one third of patients in all groups (DTL — 26.1%, ITL — 28.6%, FCTL — 32.8% and ATL — 31.8%, respectively, P>0.05). The results obtained may be associated with a high level of resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis excreted from pa tients: out of 232 patients with low adherence to treatment (NUP and UUP), 97 (36.2%) showed drug resistance of the pathogen to two or more etiotropic drugs, which, in turn, caused prescription of reserve drugs. Thus, the determination of the level of adherence to treatment is justified and is aimed at correcting the psychological support of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of therapy in these patients. The appointment of the latter in a number of patients led to the development of hepatotoxic reactions, which served as the basis for the inclusion in the therapy regimens of the accompaniment of Remaxol (intravenous drip of 400 ml, course No. 5–7). Pronounced hepatoprotective (improved transaminase parameters) and insignificant immunoprotective (positive dynamics of the cytokine profile) effects were noted during treatment. The noted changes in the immunogram can be associated with the proven antioxidant and membrane stabilizing effect of succinic acid, which is part of Remaxol. These changes require further research.

Indicators of the psychoemotional state of palliative polymorbid cancer patients

Introduction. Palliative care is aimed at maintaining and improving the quality of life of the patient. Without taking into account the psychosocial aspects, psychological rehabilitation is impossible in the conditions of a psychotraumatic situation of the disease.The aim of the study was to assess the psychoemotional state of polymorbid palliative cancer patients.Materials and methods. An observational, analytical, single-stage (cross-sectional) study was conducted, which included 74 cancer patients of a palliative profile. The patients underwent laboratory and instrumental examination. The following tests were evaluated: resilience (S. Maddy's method, D. A. Leontiev's adaptation), life-sense orientations, the level of subjective control, C. D. Spielberger, the severity of chronic pain syndrome; the value of the Charlson comorbidity index, the Karnovsky index (ECOG) was calculated.Results. The level of the comorbidity index was 3 [2; 5] points, the intensity of chronic pain syndrome-2 [2; 3] points, ECOG-2 [2; 3] points. In polymorbid cancer palliative patients, the presence of a belief in the impact of the struggle on the outcome of what is happening was revealed, however, patients are not always ready to act in a difficult situation. In the examined group, signs of dissatisfaction with their life in the present prevailed, the lack of sufficient freedom of choice, the existence of hope for recovery as a result of the actions of others, primarily doctors. The average (and in some cases high) level of situational and personal anxiety was noted. The association of the comorbidity index and the indicators of the life-meaning orientations test; the indicator of the general internality scale and the ECOG value; the glomerular filtration rate and the indicator of resilience, risk acceptance was revealed. A number of correlations between the indicators of the psychoemotional state and laboratory parameters (the level of hemoglobin, albumin, iron, C-reactive protein) were noted.Conclusion. In cancer patients with a palliative profile, signs of mental maladaptation were revealed. The average (and in some cases high) level of situational and personal anxiety was noted. The revealed number of correlations focuses on the role of chronic non-communicable diseases in aggravating the psychoemotional status of chronic polymorbid cancer palliative patients.

PSYCHOEMOTIONAL FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

В наше время сахарный диабет является одним из наиболее распространенных хронических заболеваний. Он существенно влияет на качество жизни пациента. По данным литературы известно, что в лечении сахарного диабета акцент ставится на коррекцию соматического состояния пациентов. Психологический статус пациентов остается недостаточно изученным. У больных с сахарным диабетом часто выявляются изменения в психоэмоциональном состоянии. На фоне метаболических расстройств такие пациенты более подвержены воздействию стрессовых ситуаций, эмоциональному перенапряжению и негативным компонентам внешней среды, что существенно влияет на снижение ресурсов организма. Психоэмоциональные проблемы могут сыграть большую роль в течении и исходе данного заболевания. Поэтому можно утверждать, что изучение эмоционального и психического состояния пациентов с диагнозом «сахарный диабет» является важным аспектом в работе врача, т.к. от этого зависит успешность адаптации больного к условиям жизни, связанным с болезнью. In our time, diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases. It significantly affects the quality of life of the patient. According to the literature, it is known that in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, the emphasis is placed on the correction of the somatic state of patients. The psychological status of patients remains poorly understood. In patients with diabetes mellitus, changes in the psychoemotional state are often detected. Against the background of metabolic disorders, such patients are more susceptible to stressful situations, emotional overstrain and negative components of the external environment, which significantly affects the reduction of the body's resources. Psychoemotional problems can play a big role in the course and outcome of this disease. Therefore, it can be argued that the study of the emotional and mental state of patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is an important aspect in the work of a doctor, since The success of the patient's adaptation to the living conditions associated with the disease depends on this.

Recommendations to the command staff on maintaining a stable psychological state of the crew of an emergency submarine

Purpose: systematization of recommendations to the submarine command personnel on personnel management and first psychological aid in an emergency, based on the previously theoretically modeled dynamics of the psychological state of the crew of an emergency submarine.Materials and methods:analysis of methodological manuals for preserving and improving the working capacity of a person in stressful situations, studying the available literature on the actions of submarine personnel at the time of the accident.Results and discussion:based on the results of the previously studied factors affecting the dynamics of the psychological state of the crew of the damaged submarine, the selection and systematization of the available methods of influence and management of personnel in different periods of the development of the accident was carried out, possible methods of self-control and self-regulation of the psychoemotional state were proposed to the command personnel.