Reduced beta-cell compensation to the insulin resistance associated with obesity in members of caucasian familial type 2 diabetic kindreds

Metabolic surgery is the most efficacious method for the treatment of morbid obesity and was recently included among the antidiabetes treatments recommended in obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The aim of this study was to compare in a randomized controlled trial the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to that of intensive lifestyle intervention plus pharmacologic treatment on some markers of insulin resistance and beta cell function as well as some appetite controlling hormones in a group of male obese T2D subjects. The study groups comprised 20 subjects for SG and 21 control subjects. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, proinsulin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-%B, proinsulin-to-insulin ratio and proinsulin-to-adiponectin ratio were evaluated at baseline and after one year follow-up. Overall, patients in the SG group lost 78.98% of excess weight loss (%EWL) in comparison with 9.45% in the control group. This was accompanied by a significant improvement of insulin resistance markers, including increase of adiponectin and decrease of HOMA-IR, while no changes were recorded in the control group. Weight loss was also associated with a significant improvement of proinsulin-to-insulin and proinsulin-to-adiponectin ratio, both surrogate markers of beta cell dysfunction. These also improved in the control group, but were only marginally significant. Our findings suggest that improved insulin resistance and decreased beta cell dysfunction after sleeve gastrectomy might explain diabetes remission associated with metabolic surgery.

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Regulatory effects of hawthorn polyphenols on hyperglycemic, inflammatory, insulin resistance responses, and alleviation of aortic injury in type 2 diabetic rats

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 110239

Author(s):

Suwen Liu ◽

Jincheng Yu ◽

Mengfan Fu ◽

Xinfang Wang ◽

Xuedong Chang

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Aortic Injury ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Spontaneous Type 2 Diabetic Rodent Models

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2013/401723 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yang-wei Wang ◽

Guang-dong Sun ◽

Jing Sun ◽

Shu-jun Liu ◽

Ji Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Health Care ◽

Animal Models ◽

Rodent Models ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is one of the most common chronic diseases and continues to increase in numbers with large proportion of health care budget being used. Many animal models have been established in order to investigate the mechanisms and pathophysiologic progress of T2DM and find effective treatments for its complications. On the basis of their strains, features, advantages, and disadvantages, various types of animal models of T2DM can be divided into spontaneously diabetic models, artificially induced diabetic models, and transgenic/knockout diabetic models. Among these models, the spontaneous rodent models are used more frequently because many of them can closely describe the characteristic features of T2DM, especially obesity and insulin resistance. In this paper, we aim to investigate the current available spontaneous rodent models for T2DM with regard to their characteristic features, advantages, and disadvantages, and especially to describe appropriate selection and usefulness of different spontaneous rodent models in testing of various new antidiabetic drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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