Clinic- Rather than Self-Monitoring of Home Blood Samples: Relevance of Day-to-Day Variability to Decision Making

SMBG is a crucial factor in diabetes management. It offersa quick check of glycemic status, helps to identify hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. In addition SMBG assists in clinical decision making and as such it complements HbA1c. But due to many reasons SMBG is not practiced properly and adequately. In recent years several international guidelines higllighted the importance of SMBG for diabetes management. Very few diabetic patients in Bangladesh actually perform SMBG regularly at home. The awareness of the benefits of SMBG is also low. There is no uniformity in SMBG practice among the patients as there is no local guideline to help the physicians in determining the optimum SMBG frequency for their patients. So a working guideline on SMBG is the call of the day. This article is an attempt in that direction. Exploring international guidelines and evaluating their applicability in local context a number of recommendations have been proposed.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 218-223

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A Computational Cognitive Model of Self-monitoring and Decision Making for Desire Regulation

Brain Informatics - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-70772-3_3 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 26-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Altaf Hussain Abro ◽

Jan Treur

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cognitive Model ◽

Self Monitoring

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Augmenting Medical Diagnosis Decisions? An Investigation into Physicians’ Decision-Making Process with Artificial Intelligence

Information Systems Research ◽

10.1287/isre.2020.0980 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ekaterina Jussupow ◽

Kai Spohrer ◽

Armin Heinzl ◽

Joshua Gawlitza

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Decision Making ◽

Medical Errors ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Medical Decision ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Rule Based ◽

Human Actors

Systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly support physicians in diagnostic decisions, but they are not without errors and biases. Failure to detect those may result in wrong diagnoses and medical errors. Compared with rule-based systems, however, these systems are less transparent and their errors less predictable. Thus, it is difficult, yet critical, for physicians to carefully evaluate AI advice. This study uncovers the cognitive challenges that medical decision makers face when they receive potentially incorrect advice from AI-based diagnosis systems and must decide whether to follow or reject it. In experiments with 68 novice and 12 experienced physicians, novice physicians with and without clinical experience as well as experienced radiologists made more inaccurate diagnosis decisions when provided with incorrect AI advice than without advice at all. We elicit five decision-making patterns and show that wrong diagnostic decisions often result from shortcomings in utilizing metacognitions related to decision makers’ own reasoning (self-monitoring) and metacognitions related to the AI-based system (system monitoring). As a result, physicians fall for decisions based on beliefs rather than actual data or engage in unsuitably superficial evaluation of the AI advice. Our study has implications for the training of physicians and spotlights the crucial role of human actors in compensating for AI errors.

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Ronald Reagan and the Fight against Communism

Who Fights for Reputation ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691181288.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 172-222

Author(s):

Keren Yarhi-Milo

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Use Of Force ◽

Ronald Reagan ◽

Ideal Type ◽

International Crises ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

State Of Mind ◽

The Ideal ◽

Reputational Concerns

This chapter assesses the extent to which reputational concerns shaped President Ronald Reagan's discourse, decision making, and policies during international crises. It focuses on four of these international crises: the escalation in Afghanistan, the intervention in Lebanon, the invasion of Grenada, and the air strikes against Libya. Each posed a challenge, real or perceived, to US reputation for resolve and so are good tests of the dispositional theory. A review of Reagan's self-monitoring tendencies and beliefs about the use of force place him closest to the ideal-type high self-monitor hawk, and thus, one should expect his behavior to be consistent with that of a reputation crusader. However, his behavior and discourse during the crises covered cannot be convincingly explained simply by highlighting his hawkish tendencies. In order to fully appreciate Reagan's policies, rhetoric, and state of mind, one must look at how these hawkish tendencies interacted with his high self-monitoring disposition.

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Content analysis of behavior change techniques in maternal and infant health apps

Translational Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/tbm/ibaa039 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rizwana Biviji ◽

Joshua R Vest ◽

Brian E Dixon ◽

Theresa Cullen ◽

Christopher A Harle

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Health Education ◽

Behavior Change ◽

Infant Health ◽

Behavior Change Techniques ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Final Sample ◽

Maternal And Infant Health ◽

Health Expert ◽

App Design

Abstract Maternal and infant health (MIH) mobile applications (apps) are increasingly popular and frequently used for health education and decision making. Interventions grounded in theory-based behavior change techniques (BCTs) are shown to be effective in promoting healthy behavior changes. MIH apps have the potential to be useful tools, yet the extent to which they incorporate BCTs is still unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of BCTs in popular MIH apps available in the Apple App and Google Play stores. Twenty-nine popular MIH apps were coded for the presence of 16 BCTs using the mHealth app taxonomy. Popular MIH apps whose purpose was to provide health education or decision-making support to pregnant women or parents/caregivers of infants were included in the final sample. On an average, the reviewed apps included seven BCTs (range 2–16). Techniques such as personalization, review of general or specific goals, macro tailoring, self-monitoring of goals, and health behavior linkages were most frequently present. No differences in the presence of BCTs between paid and free apps were observed. Popular MIH apps typically included only a minority of BCTs found to be useful for health promotion. However, apps developed by healthcare developers incorporated a higher number of BCTs within the app content. Therefore, app developers and policymakers may consider strategies to increase health expert involvement in app design and content delivery.

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A novel total body digital photography smartphone application designed to detect and monitor skin lesions: a pilot study

Journal of Surgical Dermatology ◽

10.18282/jsd.v3.i2.177 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicholas Guido ◽

Erika L. Hagstrom ◽

Erin Ibler ◽

Chantelle Carneiro ◽

Kelsey A. Orrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Smartphone Application ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Smartphone Applications ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Pigmented Lesions ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Total Body ◽

New Skin

<p class="Body">Although some smartphone applications are designed for total body photography (TBP), few offer the specificity that enables self- as well as dermatologist-, detection of new lesions, or change in lesion color or in size as little as 1mm, on an ongoing basis. The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of a novel TBP application in the detection of changes to color and size of simulated skin lesions. Twenty-five subjects underwent one study visit. After baseline photography, new artificial markings were made or naturally occurring pigmented lesions located in any anatomical region were enhanced/enlarged, and a second matching set of photographs was then taken. From all 25 subjects, a total of 262 skin markings were evaluable. Of these, 241 (92%) were detected by the app, which resulted in an overall sensitivity of 92%. The high sensitivity establishes the app as capable of providing reliable self-TBP that allows detection and monitoring of new skin lesions or change in both size and color. This method greatly enhances the ability to accomplish ongoing self-monitoring and yet provides quality informing images to the dermatologist to assist in decision-making with the patient. </p>

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Circulating MicroRNAs as Non-invasive Biomarkers for Canine Cushing's Syndrome

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.760487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Karin Sanders ◽

Anouk Veldhuizen ◽

Hans S. Kooistra ◽

Adri Slob ◽

Elpetra P. M. Timmermans-Sprang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cushing’S Syndrome ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Cushing's Syndrome ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Healthy Dogs

Canine Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism) can be caused by a pituitary tumor (pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism; PDH) or a cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumor (csACT). For both cases, non-invasive biomarkers that could pre-operatively predict the risk of recurrence after surgery would greatly impact clinical decision making. The aim of this study was to determine whether circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as diagnostic (presence of PDH or csACT) and/or prognostic (disease recurrence, histological grade) non-invasive biomarkers for canine Cushing's syndrome. After a pilot study with 40 miRNAs in blood samples of healthy dogs (n = 3), dogs with PDH (n = 3) and dogs with a csACT (n = 4), we selected a total of 20 miRNAs for the definitive study. In the definitive study, these 20 miRNAs were analyzed in blood samples of healthy dogs (n = 6), dogs with PDH (n = 19, pre- and post-operative samples) and dogs with a csACT (n = 26, pre-operative samples). In dogs with PDH, six miRNAs (miR-122-5p, miR-126-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-375-3p and miR-483-3p) were differentially expressed compared to healthy dogs. Of one miRNA, miR-122-5p, the expression levels did not overlap between healthy dogs and dogs with PDH (p = 2.9x10−4), significantly decreased after hypophysectomy (p = 0.013), and were significantly higher (p = 0.017) in dogs with recurrence (n = 3) than in dogs without recurrence for at least one year after hypophysectomy (n = 7). In dogs with csACTs, two miRNAs (miR-483-3p and miR-223-3p) were differentially expressed compared to healthy dogs. Additionally, miR-141-3p was expressed significantly lower (p = 0.009) in dogs with csACTs that had a histopathological Utrecht score of ≥ 11 compared to those with a score of <11. These results indicate that circulating miRNAs have the potential to be non-invasive biomarkers in dogs with Cushing's syndrome that may contribute to clinical decision making.

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Circulating microRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers for canine Cushing's syndrome

10.1101/2021.08.17.456598 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karin Sanders ◽

Anouk Veldhuizen ◽

Hans S. Kooistra ◽

Adri Slob ◽

Elpetra P.M. Timmermans-Sprang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Circulating Mirnas ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽

One Year

Canine Cushing′s syndrome (hypercortisolism) can be caused by a pituitary tumor (pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism; PDH) or a cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumor (csACT). For both cases, noninvasive biomarkers that could pre-operatively predict the risk of recurrence after surgery would greatly impact clinical decision making. The aim of this study was to determine whether circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as noninvasive biomarkers for canine Cushing′s syndrome. After a pilot study with 40 miRNAs in blood samples of healthy dogs (n = 3), dogs with PDH (n = 3) and dogs with a csACT (n = 4), we selected a total of 20 miRNAs for the definitive study. In the definitive study, these 20 miRNAs were analyzed in blood samples of healthy dogs (n = 6), dogs with PDH (n = 19, pre- and post-operative samples) and dogs with a csACT (n = 26, pre-operative samples). In dogs with PDH, six miRNAs (miR-122-5p, miR-126-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-375-3p and miR-483-3p) were differentially expressed compared to healthy dogs. Of one miRNA, miR-122-5p, the expression levels did not overlap between healthy dogs and dogs with PDH (p = 2.9x10-4), significantly decreased after hypophysectomy (p = 0.013), and were significantly higher (p = 0.017) in dogs with recurrence (n = 3) than in dogs without recurrence for at least one year after hypophysectomy (n = 7). In dogs with csACTs, two miRNAs (miR-483-3p and miR-223-3p) were differentially expressed compared to healthy dogs. Additionally, miR-141-3p was expressed significantly lower (p = 0.009) in dogs with csACTs that had a histopathological Utrecht score of ≥ 11 compared to those with a score of < 11. These results indicate that circulating miRNAs have the potential to be noninvasive biomarkers in dogs with Cushing′s syndrome that may contribute to clinical decision-making.

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