A Computational Cognitive Model of Self-monitoring and Decision Making for Desire Regulation

2017 ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altaf Hussain Abro ◽  
Jan Treur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Self Monitoring

Self-monitoring and the Use of Affective and Cognitive Reasons in Decision-Making

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Geers ◽  
G. Daniel Lassiter ◽  
Katie Stricker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Monitoring

scholarly journals Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG): Cornerstone of Diabetes Management- Bangladesh Perspective: A Recommendation

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Zafar Ahmed Latif
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Local Guideline

SMBG is a crucial factor in diabetes management. It offersa quick check of glycemic status, helps to identify hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. In addition SMBG assists in clinical decision making and as such it complements HbA1c. But due to many reasons SMBG is not practiced properly and adequately. In recent years several international guidelines higllighted the importance of SMBG for diabetes management. Very few diabetic patients in Bangladesh actually perform SMBG regularly at home. The awareness of the benefits of SMBG is also low. There is no uniformity in SMBG practice among the patients as there is no local guideline to help the physicians in determining the optimum SMBG frequency for their patients. So a working guideline on SMBG is the call of the day. This article is an attempt in that direction. Exploring international guidelines and evaluating their applicability in local context a number of recommendations have been proposed.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 218-223

scholarly journals Crisis decision-making: the overlap between intuitive and analytical strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Okoli ◽  
John Watt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Filtering ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Naturalistic Environment ◽  
Almost All

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw on the naturalistic decision making and cognitive science literature to examine how experienced crisis managers utilize the intuitive and analytical strategies when managing complex incidents. A cognitive model that describes the interplay between strategies is presented and discussed, and the specific role that intuition plays in analytical decision making is addressed. Design/methodology/approach Designed as a conceptual paper, the extant literature is reviewed to advance discussions on the theme of intuitive and analytical decision making in the naturalistic environment. A new model of expert intuition – the information filtering and intuitive decision model – is presented and evaluated against existing cognitive models from the wider literature. Findings The paper suggests that experts’ ability to make intuitive decisions is strongly hinged on their information processing skills that allow irrelevant cues to be sifted out while the relevant cues are retained. The paper further revealed that experts generally employ the intuitive mode as their default strategy, drawing on the analytical mode only as conditions warrant. Originality/value Prior research has shown that experts often make important task decisions using intuitive or analytical strategies or by combining both, but the sequence these should typically follow is still unresolved. Findings from the intuition model reveal that although intuition often precedes analytical thinking in almost all cases, both strategies exist to offer significant values to decision makers if the basis of their application is well understood.

Augmenting Medical Diagnosis Decisions? An Investigation into Physicians’ Decision-Making Process with Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Jussupow ◽  
Kai Spohrer ◽  
Armin Heinzl ◽  
Joshua Gawlitza
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Human Actors

Systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly support physicians in diagnostic decisions, but they are not without errors and biases. Failure to detect those may result in wrong diagnoses and medical errors. Compared with rule-based systems, however, these systems are less transparent and their errors less predictable. Thus, it is difficult, yet critical, for physicians to carefully evaluate AI advice. This study uncovers the cognitive challenges that medical decision makers face when they receive potentially incorrect advice from AI-based diagnosis systems and must decide whether to follow or reject it. In experiments with 68 novice and 12 experienced physicians, novice physicians with and without clinical experience as well as experienced radiologists made more inaccurate diagnosis decisions when provided with incorrect AI advice than without advice at all. We elicit five decision-making patterns and show that wrong diagnostic decisions often result from shortcomings in utilizing metacognitions related to decision makers’ own reasoning (self-monitoring) and metacognitions related to the AI-based system (system monitoring). As a result, physicians fall for decisions based on beliefs rather than actual data or engage in unsuitably superficial evaluation of the AI advice. Our study has implications for the training of physicians and spotlights the crucial role of human actors in compensating for AI errors.

Ronald Reagan and the Fight against Communism

2018 ◽  
pp. 172-222
Author(s):  
Keren Yarhi-Milo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Reputational Concerns

This chapter assesses the extent to which reputational concerns shaped President Ronald Reagan's discourse, decision making, and policies during international crises. It focuses on four of these international crises: the escalation in Afghanistan, the intervention in Lebanon, the invasion of Grenada, and the air strikes against Libya. Each posed a challenge, real or perceived, to US reputation for resolve and so are good tests of the dispositional theory. A review of Reagan's self-monitoring tendencies and beliefs about the use of force place him closest to the ideal-type high self-monitor hawk, and thus, one should expect his behavior to be consistent with that of a reputation crusader. However, his behavior and discourse during the crises covered cannot be convincingly explained simply by highlighting his hawkish tendencies. In order to fully appreciate Reagan's policies, rhetoric, and state of mind, one must look at how these hawkish tendencies interacted with his high self-monitoring disposition.

Transdisciplinary Approach to Service Design Based on Consumer’s Value and Decision Making

2012 ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Takeshi Takenaka ◽  
Kousuke Fujita ◽  
Nariaki Nishino ◽  
Tsukasa Ishigaki ◽  
Yoichi Motomura
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Movie Theaters ◽  
Retail Business ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Multi Agent

Science and technology are expected to support actual service provision and to create new services to promote service industries’ productivity. However, those problems might not be solved solely in a certain research area. This paper describes that it is necessary to establish transdisciplinary approaches to service design in consideration of consumers’ values and decision making. Recent research trends of services are overviewed. Then a research framework is proposed to integrate computer sciences, human sciences, and economic sciences. Three study examples of services are then presented. The first study is a multi-agent simulation of a cellular telephone market based on results of a psychological survey. The second presents a cognitive model constructed through integration of questionnaire data of a retail business and Bayesian network modeling. The third presents a pricing mechanism design for service facilities––movie theaters––using an economic experiment and agent-based simulation.

Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust

2009 ◽  
pp. 2316-2323
Author(s):  
Rino Falcone ◽  
Cristiano Castelfranchi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Interaction Traces ◽  
Cooperative Models ◽  
Support Decision Making

Humans have learned to cooperate in many ways and in many environments, on different tasks, and for achieving different and several goals. Collaboration and cooperation in their more general sense (and, in particular, negotiation, exchange, help, delegation, adoption, and so on) are important characteristics - or better, the most foundational aspects - of human societies (Tuomela, 1995). In the evolution of cooperative models, a fundamental role has been played by diverse constructs of various kinds (purely interactional, technical-legal, organizational, socio-cognitive, etc.), opportunely introduced (or spontaneously emerged) to support decision making in collaborative situations. The new scenarios we are destined to meet in the third millennium transfigure the old frame of reference, in that we have to consider new channels and infrastructures (i.e., the Internet), new artificial entities for cooperating with artificial or software agents, and new modalities of interaction (suggested/imposed by both the new channels and the new entities). In fact, it is changing the identification of the potential partners, the perception of the other agents, the space-temporal context in which interaction happen, the nature of the interaction traces, the kind and role of the authorities and guarantees, etc. For coping with these scenarios, it will be necessary to update the traditional supporting decision-making constructs. This effort will be necessary especially to develop the new cybersocieties in such a way as not to miss some of the important cooperative characteristics that are so relevant in human societies.

Content analysis of behavior change techniques in maternal and infant health apps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwana Biviji ◽  
Joshua R Vest ◽  
Brian E Dixon ◽  
Theresa Cullen ◽  
Christopher A Harle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Maternal And Infant Health ◽  
Health Expert ◽  
App Design

Abstract Maternal and infant health (MIH) mobile applications (apps) are increasingly popular and frequently used for health education and decision making. Interventions grounded in theory-based behavior change techniques (BCTs) are shown to be effective in promoting healthy behavior changes. MIH apps have the potential to be useful tools, yet the extent to which they incorporate BCTs is still unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of BCTs in popular MIH apps available in the Apple App and Google Play stores. Twenty-nine popular MIH apps were coded for the presence of 16 BCTs using the mHealth app taxonomy. Popular MIH apps whose purpose was to provide health education or decision-making support to pregnant women or parents/caregivers of infants were included in the final sample. On an average, the reviewed apps included seven BCTs (range 2–16). Techniques such as personalization, review of general or specific goals, macro tailoring, self-monitoring of goals, and health behavior linkages were most frequently present. No differences in the presence of BCTs between paid and free apps were observed. Popular MIH apps typically included only a minority of BCTs found to be useful for health promotion. However, apps developed by healthcare developers incorporated a higher number of BCTs within the app content. Therefore, app developers and policymakers may consider strategies to increase health expert involvement in app design and content delivery.

The Joint Roles of Career Decision Self-Efficacy and Personality Traits in the Prediction of Career Decidedness and Decisional Difficulty

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee T. Penn ◽  
Robert W. Lent
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cognitive Model

We examined the differential roles that career decision-making self-efficacy and the Big Five traits of neuroticism, extroversion, and conscientiousness may play in relation to career decision status and decisional difficulty. Following assumptions of the social cognitive model of career self-management, we hypothesized that the relations of the personality traits to level of decidedness and choice/commitment anxiety (CCA), a key source of indecision, would be mediated by self-efficacy. We also examined the possibility that the traits could function to moderate the relation of self-efficacy to the dependent variables. Employing a sample of 182 undergraduates, we found support for a mediational model in which each of the personality traits relates to self-efficacy which, in turn, predicts CCA and decidedness. In addition, conscientiousness was found to moderate the relation of career decision-making self-efficacy to CCA, and extroversion moderated the relation of self-efficacy to decidedness. We consider the findings in relation to the social cognitive model and discuss their implications for future research and career decision-making interventions.

Transdisciplinary Approach to Service Design Based on Consumer's Value and Decision Making

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Takenaka ◽  
Kousuke Fujita ◽  
Nariaki Nishino ◽  
Tsukasa Ishigaki ◽  
Yoichi Motomura
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Movie Theaters ◽  
Retail Business ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Multi Agent

Science and technology are expected to support actual service provision and to create new services to promote service industries’ productivity. However, those problems might not be solved solely in a certain research area. This paper describes that it is necessary to establish transdisciplinary approaches to service design in consideration of consumers’ values and decision making. Recent research trends of services are overviewed. Then a research framework is proposed to integrate computer sciences, human sciences, and economic sciences. Three study examples of services are then presented. The first study is a multi-agent simulation of a cellular telephone market based on results of a psychological survey. The second presents a cognitive model constructed through integration of questionnaire data of a retail business and Bayesian network modeling. The third presents a pricing mechanism design for service facilities––movie theaters––using an economic experiment and agent-based simulation.

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