scholarly journals Not Only Diabetes but Also Prediabetes Leads to Functional Decline and Disability in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shang ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
Davide Liborio Vetrano ◽  
Abigail Dove ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Disability Progression ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

<b>BACKGROUND</b>: Diabetes is linked to functional decline, but the impact of prediabetes on physical function is unknown. We aimed to examine and compare the impact of prediabetes and diabetes on physical function and disability progression and to explore whether cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mediate these associations. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: </b>A cohort of 2,013 participants aged ≥60 from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, an ongoing population-based longitudinal study, was followed for up to 12 years. Physical function was measured with chair stand (s) and walking speed (m/s) tests, and disability was measured by summing the numbers of impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Diabetes was identified through medical examinations or clinical records, medication use, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥5.7–6.4% in diabetes-free participants. CVDs were ascertained through clinical examinations and the National Patient Registry. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models and mediation models.</p> <p><b>RESULTS: </b>At baseline, 650 (32.3%) had prediabetes and 151 had diabetes<b> </b>(7.5%).<b> </b>In multi-adjusted mixed effect models,<b> </b>prediabetes was associated with an increased chair stand time (0.33, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61), a decreased walking speed (-0.006, -0.010 to -0.002), and an accelerated disability progression (0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08), even after controlling for the future development of diabetes. Diabetes led to faster functional decline than prediabetes. In mediation analyses, CVDs mediated 7.1%, 7.8%, and 20.9% of the associations between prediabetes and chair stand, walking speed, and disability progression, respectively. </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS: </b>Prediabetes, in addition to diabetes, is associated with faster functional decline and disability, independent of the future development of diabetes. This association may be in part mediated by CVDs.</p>

scholarly journals Not Only Diabetes but Also Prediabetes Leads to Functional Decline and Disability in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shang ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
Davide Liborio Vetrano ◽  
Abigail Dove ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Disability Progression ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

<b>BACKGROUND</b>: Diabetes is linked to functional decline, but the impact of prediabetes on physical function is unknown. We aimed to examine and compare the impact of prediabetes and diabetes on physical function and disability progression and to explore whether cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mediate these associations. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: </b>A cohort of 2,013 participants aged ≥60 from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, an ongoing population-based longitudinal study, was followed for up to 12 years. Physical function was measured with chair stand (s) and walking speed (m/s) tests, and disability was measured by summing the numbers of impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Diabetes was identified through medical examinations or clinical records, medication use, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥5.7–6.4% in diabetes-free participants. CVDs were ascertained through clinical examinations and the National Patient Registry. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models and mediation models.</p> <p><b>RESULTS: </b>At baseline, 650 (32.3%) had prediabetes and 151 had diabetes<b> </b>(7.5%).<b> </b>In multi-adjusted mixed effect models,<b> </b>prediabetes was associated with an increased chair stand time (0.33, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61), a decreased walking speed (-0.006, -0.010 to -0.002), and an accelerated disability progression (0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08), even after controlling for the future development of diabetes. Diabetes led to faster functional decline than prediabetes. In mediation analyses, CVDs mediated 7.1%, 7.8%, and 20.9% of the associations between prediabetes and chair stand, walking speed, and disability progression, respectively. </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS: </b>Prediabetes, in addition to diabetes, is associated with faster functional decline and disability, independent of the future development of diabetes. This association may be in part mediated by CVDs.</p>

scholarly journals Changes in Renal Function After Switching From TDF to TAF in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Surial ◽  
Bruno Ledergerber ◽  
Alexandra Calmy ◽  
Matthias Cavassini ◽  
Huldrych F Günthard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Tubular Markers ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Tenofovir Alafenamide ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Replacing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) improves renal tubular markers in HIV-infected individuals but the impact on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remains unclear. Methods In all participants from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study who switched from TDF to TAF-containing antiretroviral regimen or continued TDF, we estimated changes in eGFR and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) after 18 months using mixed-effect models. Results Of 3520 participants (26.6% women, median age 50 years), 2404 (68.5%) switched to TAF. Overall, 1664 (47.3%) had an eGFR &lt;90 mL/min and 1087 (30.9%) an UPCR ≥15 mg/mmol. In patients with baseline eGFR ≥90 mL/min, eGFR decreased with the use of TDF and TAF (−1.7 mL/min). Switching to TAF was associated with increases in eGFR of 1.5 mL/min (95% confidence interval [CI], .5–2.5) if the baseline eGFR was 60–89 mL/min, and 4.1 mL/min (95% CI, 1.6–6.6) if &lt;60 mL/min. In contrast, eGFR decreased by 5.8 mL/min (95% CI, 2.3–9.3) with continued use of TDF in individuals with baseline eGFR &lt;60 mL/min. UPCR decreased after replacing TDF by TAF, independent of baseline eGFR. Conclusions Switching from TDF to TAF improves eGFR and proteinuria in patients with renal dysfunction.

scholarly journals The Impact of Flt3 Gene Mutations in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Meta-Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gledson L. Picharski ◽  
Diancarlos P. Andrade ◽  
Ana Luiza M. R. Fabro ◽  
Luana Lenzi ◽  
Fernanda S. Tonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
The Impact

The association of FLT3 mutations with white blood cell (WBC) counts at diagnosis and early death was studied in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Publications indexed in databases of biomedical literature were analyzed. Potential publication bias was evaluated by analyzing the standard error in funnel plots using the estimated relative risk (RR). Mixed-effect models were used to obtain the consolidated RR. All analyses were conducted using the R statistical software package. We used 24 publications in the final meta-analysis. Of 1005 males and 1376 females included in these 24 publications, 645 had FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication) mutations. Information on FLT3-D835 mutations was available in 10 publications for 175 patients. Concurrent occurrence of the two mutations was rare. WBC count at diagnosis was ≥10 × 109/L in 351 patients. For patients with the FLT3-ITD mutation, RR was 0.59 for overall survival (OS) and 1.62 for death during induction. For those with FLT3-D835 mutations, the RR was 0.50 for OS and 1.77 for death during induction. RR for WBC count ≥10 × 109/L was 3.29 and 1.48 for patients with FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835, respectively. APL patients with FLT3-ITD or FLT3-D835 are more likely to present with elevated WBC counts and poorer prognosis than those without these mutations.

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life of individuals sharing a household with persons with dementia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Dams ◽  
Thomas Grochtdreis ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Lower Hrqol ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Previous research has found a negative effect of dementia on the health-related quality of life (HrQoL) of persons with dementia (PWD) and their primary informal caregivers. However, the impact of dementia on HrQoL of other individuals sharing a household with PWD has not been investigated to date. The current study therefore aimed to determine differences in the HrQoL between those sharing a household with PWD and those not living with PWD. In addition, factors related to the HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD were evaluated. Methods The analyses were based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, using the SF-12 to measure HrQoL. Mixed-effects models were calculated to compare the HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD and persons not living with PWD, as well as to determine factors related to the HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD. Bootstrapping was used where residuals were not normally distributed. Results Mixed-effect models showed a significantly lower HrQoL among those sharing a household with PWD, compared to those not living with PWD. Number of diseases, number of persons in the household, marital status and educational level were significantly related to HrQoL among those sharing a household with PWD. Discussion The HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD was reduced compared to persons not living with PWD. Further, those living with PWD in small households, or those with multi-morbidities had a lower HrQoL. Further research focusing on HrQoL in the social environment of PWD is needed.

Impacts of Educational Outreach on Envisioning Marine Cities of the Future Development Project

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Career Aspirations ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Educational Outreach ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intended Effect

Abstract Given today’s changing global environment and the need for people to be able to lead prosperous lives in the future, we will need technical experts who can think flexibly and respond to change, and we will also need to provide opportunities for children to awaken and develop their interest in relevant technical areas. I have used lectures and seminars on the Marine Cities of the Future Development Project [1][2], a project in which I am deeply engaged, as opportunities to verify the impact of educational outreach on students. In these lectures, I emphasize aspects such as “pushing the boundaries” and “realizing goals through reliable technology,” and tailor the content to stimulate students’ career aspirations in STEM fields. Requests from educators for further lectures aimed at cultivating students’ career aspirations and students’ heightened interest in proposals of new technology as revealed by post-lecture surveys, confirm that these efforts have had the intended effect.

The impact of the computer

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Mina Rees
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Mathematical Background ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Today, computers are used to solve problems which were “out of reach” just a few years ago. Students in your high school classes may have a role to play in the future development of these “brains” if they have a sound mathematical background.

scholarly journals The PRIAMO study: age- and sex-related relationship between prodromal constipation and disease phenotype in early Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Picillo ◽  
◽  
Raffaele Palladino ◽  
Roberto Erro ◽  
Rossella Alfano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Disease Phenotype ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Attention Memory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Early Parkinson’S Disease

Abstract Objectives To explore the impact of sex and age on relationship between prodromal constipation and disease phenotype in Parkinson’s disease at early stages. Methods A total of 385 Parkinson’s disease patients from the PRIAMO study were classified according to the presence of prodromal constipation and followed for 24 months. Multivariable mixed-effect models were applied. All analyses were performed separately for sex (64.1% men) and median age (different by sex: 67 years-old in men and 68 years-old in women). Results As for sex, prodromal constipation was associated with greater odds of attention/memory complaints and apathy symptoms in women only. As for age, prodromal constipation was associated with lower cognitive and higher apathy scores in older patients only. Conclusions Prodromal constipation anticipates lower cognitive performances and more severe apathy since the earliest stages in women and older patients. Sex- and age-related heterogeneity of prodromal markers of Parkinson’s disease may impact disease phenotype.

scholarly journals The impact of co-infections on the haematological profile of East African Short-horn Zebu calves

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILANA CONRADIE VAN WYK ◽  
AMELIA GODDARD ◽  
B. MARK DE C. BRONSVOORT ◽  
JACOBUS A. W. COETZER ◽  
IAN G. HANDEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Haematological Parameter ◽  
East African ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Haematological Response ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Longitudinal Study Design ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYThe cumulative effect of co-infections between pathogen pairs on the haematological response of East African Short-horn Zebu calves is described. Using a longitudinal study design a stratified clustered random sample of newborn calves were recruited into the Infectious Diseases of East African Livestock (IDEAL) study and monitored at 5-weekly intervals until 51 weeks of age. At each visit samples were collected and analysed to determine the infection status of each calf as well as their haematological response. The haematological parameters investigated included packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet count (Plt). The pathogens of interest included tick-borne protozoa and rickettsias, trypanosomes and intestinal parasites. Generalized additive mixed-effect models were used to model the infectious status of pathogens against each haematological parameter, including significant interactions between pathogens. These models were further used to predict the cumulative effect of co-infecting pathogen pairs on each haematological parameter. The most significant decrease in PCV was found with co-infections of trypanosomes and strongyles. Strongyle infections also resulted in a significant decrease in WBC at a high infectious load. Trypanosomes were the major cause of thrombocytopenia. Platelet counts were also affected by interactions between tick-borne pathogens. Interactions between concomitant pathogens were found to complicate the prognosis and clinical presentation of infected calves and should be taken into consideration in any study that investigates disease under field conditions.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the business environment of SMEs in Nitra region in Slovakia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-331
Author(s):  
Enikő Korcsmáros ◽  
Monika Šimova
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Research background: Businesses are directly affected by the outside world, i.e. the business environment. Literature review lists a number of factors of the business environment affecting businesses. These factors may be oriented towards inputs, outputs, sales, or can be an instrument of regional policy. With regard to future development of businesses, it is crucial to identify which factor and to what extent can influence the operation of the business. Purpose of the article: The main objective of the primary research was to provide a comprehensive assessment of how different factors influence enterprises of different economic sectors as well as help to verify the research question defined and formulate recommendations for future development of enterprises. The questionnaire survey to verify the research question was conducted on a sample of 496 small and medium-sized enterprises. Methods: We chose quantitative method of ANOVA for processing the results of the survey, and we also set the limit of significant impact of different influence factors on the basis of analysed data of primary research, and the limit of significant impact. Based on literature study, we have grouped individual factors such as factors focused on inputs, on outputs, on sales, and instruments of regional policy. Based on those findings we can identify the impact of factors for the future development of SMEs in different economic sectors. Findings & Value added: SMEs of Nitra Region involved in the research represent different economic sectors and various factors influence them with different intensity, for future development of these SMEs it is necessary to reduce the transport cost of raw material and goods, improve the attitude of employees to work, and the technical level of equipment to improve the economic situation of the region. The mentioned findings are important for formulating the future regional development plan.

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