The impact of the computer

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Mina Rees

Today, computers are used to solve problems which were “out of reach” just a few years ago. Students in your high school classes may have a role to play in the future development of these “brains” if they have a sound mathematical background.

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512520397p1-7512520397p1
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Merz ◽  
Bonnie Nakasuji ◽  
Kimberly Mollo

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. OTs, residency, and fieldwork students implemented targeted group programming at area high schools to address functional transition needs for individuals with developmental and learning disabilities to prepare them for life after high school. The needs unique to these students at this critical life transition, the challenges experienced when providing services to these populations, and the current methods used to assess and document outcomes will be discussed. Primary Author and Speaker: Jennifer A. Merz Additional Authors and Speakers: Bonnie Nakasuji Contributing Authors: Kimberly Mollo


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shang ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
Davide Liborio Vetrano ◽  
Abigail Dove ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer ◽  
...  

<b>BACKGROUND</b>: Diabetes is linked to functional decline, but the impact of prediabetes on physical function is unknown. We aimed to examine and compare the impact of prediabetes and diabetes on physical function and disability progression and to explore whether cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mediate these associations. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: </b>A cohort of 2,013 participants aged ≥60 from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, an ongoing population-based longitudinal study, was followed for up to 12 years. Physical function was measured with chair stand (s) and walking speed (m/s) tests, and disability was measured by summing the numbers of impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Diabetes was identified through medical examinations or clinical records, medication use, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥5.7–6.4% in diabetes-free participants. CVDs were ascertained through clinical examinations and the National Patient Registry. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models and mediation models.</p> <p><b>RESULTS: </b>At baseline, 650 (32.3%) had prediabetes and 151 had diabetes<b> </b>(7.5%).<b> </b>In multi-adjusted mixed effect models,<b> </b>prediabetes was associated with an increased chair stand time (0.33, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61), a decreased walking speed (-0.006, -0.010 to -0.002), and an accelerated disability progression (0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08), even after controlling for the future development of diabetes. Diabetes led to faster functional decline than prediabetes. In mediation analyses, CVDs mediated 7.1%, 7.8%, and 20.9% of the associations between prediabetes and chair stand, walking speed, and disability progression, respectively. </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS: </b>Prediabetes, in addition to diabetes, is associated with faster functional decline and disability, independent of the future development of diabetes. This association may be in part mediated by CVDs.</p>


Author(s):  
Ikuo Yoshida

Abstract Given today’s changing global environment and the need for people to be able to lead prosperous lives in the future, we will need technical experts who can think flexibly and respond to change, and we will also need to provide opportunities for children to awaken and develop their interest in relevant technical areas. I have used lectures and seminars on the Marine Cities of the Future Development Project [1][2], a project in which I am deeply engaged, as opportunities to verify the impact of educational outreach on students. In these lectures, I emphasize aspects such as “pushing the boundaries” and “realizing goals through reliable technology,” and tailor the content to stimulate students’ career aspirations in STEM fields. Requests from educators for further lectures aimed at cultivating students’ career aspirations and students’ heightened interest in proposals of new technology as revealed by post-lecture surveys, confirm that these efforts have had the intended effect.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-331
Author(s):  
Enikő Korcsmáros ◽  
Monika Šimova

Research background: Businesses are directly affected by the outside world, i.e. the business environment. Literature review lists a number of factors of the business environment affecting businesses. These factors may be oriented towards inputs, outputs, sales, or can be an instrument of regional policy. With regard to future development of businesses, it is crucial to identify which factor and to what extent can influence the operation of the business. Purpose of the article: The main objective of the primary research was to provide a comprehensive assessment of how different factors influence enterprises of different economic sectors as well as help to verify the research question defined and formulate recommendations for future development of enterprises. The questionnaire survey to verify the research question was conducted on a sample of 496 small and medium-sized enterprises. Methods: We chose quantitative method of ANOVA for processing the results of the survey, and we also set the limit of significant impact of different influence factors on the basis of analysed data of primary research, and the limit of significant impact. Based on literature study, we have grouped individual factors such as factors focused on inputs, on outputs, on sales, and instruments of regional policy. Based on those findings we can identify the impact of factors for the future development of SMEs in different economic sectors. Findings & Value added: SMEs of Nitra Region involved in the research represent different economic sectors and various factors influence them with different intensity, for future development of these SMEs it is necessary to reduce the transport cost of raw material and goods, improve the attitude of employees to work, and the technical level of equipment to improve the economic situation of the region. The mentioned findings are important for formulating the future regional development plan.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shang ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
Davide Liborio Vetrano ◽  
Abigail Dove ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer ◽  
...  

<b>BACKGROUND</b>: Diabetes is linked to functional decline, but the impact of prediabetes on physical function is unknown. We aimed to examine and compare the impact of prediabetes and diabetes on physical function and disability progression and to explore whether cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mediate these associations. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: </b>A cohort of 2,013 participants aged ≥60 from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, an ongoing population-based longitudinal study, was followed for up to 12 years. Physical function was measured with chair stand (s) and walking speed (m/s) tests, and disability was measured by summing the numbers of impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Diabetes was identified through medical examinations or clinical records, medication use, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥5.7–6.4% in diabetes-free participants. CVDs were ascertained through clinical examinations and the National Patient Registry. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models and mediation models.</p> <p><b>RESULTS: </b>At baseline, 650 (32.3%) had prediabetes and 151 had diabetes<b> </b>(7.5%).<b> </b>In multi-adjusted mixed effect models,<b> </b>prediabetes was associated with an increased chair stand time (0.33, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.61), a decreased walking speed (-0.006, -0.010 to -0.002), and an accelerated disability progression (0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08), even after controlling for the future development of diabetes. Diabetes led to faster functional decline than prediabetes. In mediation analyses, CVDs mediated 7.1%, 7.8%, and 20.9% of the associations between prediabetes and chair stand, walking speed, and disability progression, respectively. </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS: </b>Prediabetes, in addition to diabetes, is associated with faster functional decline and disability, independent of the future development of diabetes. This association may be in part mediated by CVDs.</p>


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Burcin ◽  
Tereza Pachlová ◽  
Anna Šťastná ◽  
Jiřina Kocourková

Abstract Background: The key demographic trend concerns the postponement of parenthood to later ages. Moreover, the number of Czech women of reproductive age is decreasing, which will lead to a decrease in the number of live births even with higher fertility. The aims are to assess recent trends concerning using ART in Czechia and to estimate the impact of using ART on the future development of the number of live births. Methods: Based on data on the number of ART cycles involving the transfer of embryos in the period 2007–2012, the number of deliveries following ART was converted to the number of live births following ART by the maternal age at birth for the period 2008-2012. Subsequently, age-specific fertility rates following ART and models of the potential future development of live births following ART treatment were calculated. These models were based on a combination of two potential fertility development variants and four variants for the estimation of the future share of ART fertility of total fertility by age (V1-V4). Results: If the use of ART methods remains unchanged, there will be a decrease in the number of live births following ART in the period up to 2030 (V1 and V2) due to the declining reproductive potential of women. An increase in the number of live births following ART would occur only if there were an increase in the use of ART methods. Depending on the expected level of the increase in the use of ART, the number of live births following ART would increase by 2030 to 4.9 thousand (V3) and 6.5 thousand (V4). In relative terms, this would represent an increase from the initial 3.2% of the total number of live births to 5.0% and 6.8% respectively. Conslusions : We can expect an increase in the importance of ART for demographic trends in the future. The projection models assumed that the future development of the use of ART would be affected not only by the intensity of fertility postponement and different levels of fertility, but also by advances in reproductive medicine and the increasing availability of ART.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
O. М. Rudik

The article researches the scenarios for the future development of the EU by 2025 proposed by the European Commission. The white paper on the future of EU looks at how Europe will change in the next decade, from the impact of new technologies on society and jobs, to doubts about globalization, security concerns and the rise of populism. The European Commission emphasizes that the Europe’s role as a positive global force is more important today than ever. However, under the pressure of global competition the United Europe’s place in the world and its economic weight are shrinking, which is a solid foundation for preserving the unity of the Union for the sake of achieving greater. On the contrary, the most desirable scenario, as can be seen from the speech by the President of the European Commission, is to give the European Union a greater amount of power, resources and decision-making powers. As a result, cooperation between the EU-27 Member States will deepen in all areas than ever before. The White Paper outlines ve main scenarios («Carrying on», «Nothing but the single market», «Those who want more do more», «Doing less more e ciently», «Doing much more together»), each of them provides an opportunity to look at the possible state of a airs in the Union by 2025, depending on the choice that the EU will make by 2019. In the opinion of Jean-Claude Juncker, the most negative scenario of the EU development, and therefore extremely undesirable, is to bring its goals to purely economic, focusing the Union’s activities on the development of a single internal market and ensuring its uninterrupted functioning («Nothing but the single market» scenario). Based on data from the European Commission the author shows and brie y describes the key advantages and disadvantages of each of the scenarios. The common features of these scenarios are outlined: rst, they all come from the fact that the United Kingdom withdraws from the EU; secondly, none of them doubts the need to preserve the euro as common currency and the Schengen zone, thirdly, neither the scenarios refers to further EU enlargement. Since none of the proposed scenarios provides for the complete disintegration of the EU, that is, the disappearance of it as a geopolitical actor, it is concluded that in the strategic perspective all the outlined models of the EU’s future development suit Ukraine. Moreover, the steps recently proposed by the President of Ukraine and the European Parliament for deepening the economic integration of Ukraine with the EU and its association with the Schengen area also does not contradict any of the scenarios.


2021 ◽  
pp. 056943452110163
Author(s):  
Gregory N. Price ◽  
Chris W. Surprenant

Strengthening the pathway to entrepreneurship for high school students could be important in regions of the United States where economic mobility is low. We examine the impact of high school business education on the decision to be a self-employed entrepreneur in two southeastern urban U.S. high schools. We appeal to a potential-outcomes framework to estimate the treatment effect of having taken a business and coding/programming course in high school on actually being a self-employed entrepreneur, and planning to do so in the future. We find evidence that having taken a business course in high school increases the likelihood of actually being a self-employed entrepreneur, and on planning to be one in the future. Our results suggest that, at least in Atlanta and New Orleans, urban high school business education can be effective in increasing the supply of entrepreneurs, which could improve economic mobility in these urban regions. JEL Classification: C14, C21, E10, I26, J01, J20, J40, M13


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Khai Liew

According to Giumelli v Giumelli (1999) 196 CLR 101, where A successfully makes out a proprietary estoppel claim, courts must positively exercise two sets of remedial discretion. The first concerns whether expectation relief is a disproportionate remedy in view of the detriment A suffers. If expectation relief is held to be justified, a second set of discretion obliges judges ‘to consider all the circumstances of the case’, including ‘the impact upon relevant third parties’, to decide whether to enforce A’s expectations in specie or to provide a monetary award. This article discusses the problems with Giumelli, both as to the principle it propounds and as to its application on the facts. It then introduces a fundamental analytical proposition, concerning the relationship between different types of private law remedies and discretion, and explores the two options available for the future development of proprietary estoppel in Australia.


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