The degree of color change, rebound effect and sensitivity of bleached teeth associated with at-home and power bleaching techniques: A randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of the present randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the color change, rebound effect and sensitivity of at-home bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide and power bleaching using 38% hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: For bleaching techniques, 20 subjects were randomized in a split mouth design (at-home and power bleaching): In maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth (n = 20). Color was recorded before bleaching, immediately after bleaching, at 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 month intervals. Tooth sensitivity was recorded using the visual analog scale. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare both groups regarding bleaching effectiveness (∆E 1 ), rebound effect (∆E 2 ) and color difference between the rebounded tooth color and unbleached teeth (∆E 3) while the Wilcoxon compared ∆E within each group. Distribution of sensitivity was evaluated using the Chi-square test (α =0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between groups regarding ∆E 1 and ∆E 3 (P > 0.05). Even though, ∆E 2 showed no significant difference between groups after bleaching as well as at 2 week, 1 month and 3 month follow-up periods (P > 0.05). Although, significant difference was found in ∆E 2 (P < 0.05 Mann-Whitney) between two methods after 6 months and a high degree of rebound effect was obtained with power bleaching. Within each group, there was no significant difference between ∆E 1 and ∆E 3 (P < 0.05 Wilcoxon). The distribution of sensitivity was identical with both techniques (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Bleaching techniques resulted in identical tooth whitening and post-operative sensitivity using both techniques, but faster color regression was found with power bleaching even though color regression to the baseline of the teeth in both groups was the same after 6 months.

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Comparison of Two At-home Whitening Products of Similar Peroxide Concentration and Different Delivery Methods

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/11-053-c ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 333-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

JB da Costa ◽

R McPharlin ◽

T Hilton ◽

JL Ferracane ◽

M Wang

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Color Change ◽

Color Difference ◽

Delivery Methods ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tissue Sensitivity ◽

The Right ◽

At Home

SUMMARY Purpose This study compared the whitening efficacy, side effects, and patients' preferences/perceptions of two whitening systems of similar peroxide concentration but different formulation and delivery methods. Methods The tooth color change of 24 participants was measured using a shade guide (BSG) and a spectrophotometer (ES). Color difference was calculated: ΔE* = [(ΔL*)2 + (Δa*)2 + (Δb*)2]1/2. One whitening treatment was randomly applied to the right or left maxillary anterior teeth and the other was applied to the contralateral teeth, at-home with 35% carbamide peroxide in a tray (TW) or with 14% hydrogen peroxide in strips (WS). The tooth color was evaluated at baseline, 15 and 30 days (15 days postwhitening). Participants rated their tooth and soft tissue sensitivity (1–10 scale) and completed a questionnaire on their preferences. Results were analyzed by repeated measurement regression analysis/Tukey and Mann-Whitney (p<0.05). Results At 15 days, the teeth treated with TW and WS presented ΔE* = 7 and 6, respectively (ΔBSG=3 for both), and at 30 days, they presented ΔE* = 7.5 and 6.5, respectively (ΔBSG=3 for both). There was no significant difference in tooth and soft tissue sensitivity between treatments. No participant reported tooth and gingival sensitivity at the postwhitening appointment. Of the participants, 83% preferred the TW over WS. Conclusion Both ΔE* and ΔBSG showed no significant difference in tooth color change between TW and SW at either time point. By the end of the study no participants reported tooth and gingival sensitivity. Participants preferred TW over SW.

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Effect of Daily Usage Time of 4% Hydrogen Peroxide on the Efficacy and Bleaching-induced Tooth Sensitivity: A Single-blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/20-058-c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

RMO Terra ◽

KL da Silva ◽

L Vochikovski ◽

E Sutil ◽

M Rezende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Color Change ◽

T Test ◽

Tooth Sensitivity ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Single Blind ◽

At Home

Clinical Relevance Although color change was slightly lower in a 3-week 30-minutes/day protocol, than in the 120-minute protocol, this could be compensated by an extra week of bleaching. The advantage of the shorter protocol is the reduced daily application, making the procedure more comfortable for the patients. SUMMARY Objective: Compare the risk/intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) and color change of a 30-minute vs. the recommended 120-minute application time of 4% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for at-home bleaching. Methods: A single-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 92 adult patients with caries and restoration-free anterior teeth A2 or darker, randomly allocated to two groups. Bleaching trays containing 4% HP were used for three-weeks. A four-week regimen was also offered to the patients for the 30-min group after the end of the 3-week protocol. The color change was assessed with the Vita Classical (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and Vita Bleachedguide shade guides (VITA Zahnfabrik) and the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (VITA Zahnfabrik) at baseline, weekly, and 30 days after the bleaching. The absolute risk and the intensity of TS were assessed daily using the 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) and 5-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scale, and patient satisfaction was recorded with a Likert 0-7 scale. Risk of TS (Fisher’s test), intensity of TS in NRS scale (Mann-Whitney test), VAS scale (t-test), and a color change (t-test) were compared. Results: The 30-minute group saw color change of around 1 SGU inferior to the 120-minute group in all-time assessments (p<0.05). After an extra week of bleaching, mean color change was similar (p>0.05). Patient satisfaction was high for both groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: A four-week protocol of at-home dental bleaching with 4% HP for 30 minutes/day whitened teeth similarly to the 120 minutes/day protocol, with low intensity of dental sensitivity and high patient satisfaction.

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Comparision of two fluoride varnishes for controlling white spot lesions. Randomized clinical trial

REVISTA ODONTOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA ◽

10.33738/spo.v16i1.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jesús Alberto Luengo - Fereira

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

White Spot ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Chi Square ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

The Mean

Objective: To compare two fluorinated varnishes for the control of white spot lesions.Material and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 103 active whitespot lesions on permanent upper anterior teeth from 24 patients, aged 7 to 9 years were randomly assigned totwo groups, G1: Duraphat® (n=52) and G2: DuraShield® (n=51). Weekly applications were perform for fourconsecutive weeks. Fifth week the dimension, regression and activity of the lesions were evaluated. Student’sT test, Wilcoxon Ranks and Chi square were used at 5% significance. Results: At the end of the study, the lesion reduction was observed in 69.7%, finding significant differences(p<0.05) in the mean of the initial and final dimensions in general (2.74 mm to 1.91 mm) and in each group, G1(2.84 mm to 2.03 mm), G2 (2.64 mm to 1.78 mm). In the activity of the lesions, it was found in the G1, 12 active and6 inactive lesions; while in G2, there were 14 active and 29 inactive; these differences were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The two evaluated products showed similar clinical efficacy in the remineralization of activewhite spot lesions after 4 weeks of therapy.

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Six-month Follow-up of the Effect of Nonvital Bleaching on IL-1β and RANK-L: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/18-023-c ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 581-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C Bersezio ◽

J Estay ◽

M Sáez ◽

F Sánchez ◽

R Vernal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Color Change ◽

Double Blind ◽

Time Points ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Spearman Test

SUMMARY Objectives: It has been reported that bleaching generates an increase in the activity of osteoclasts in vitro. We quantified the RANK-L and IL-1β biomarkers in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial evaluating the in vivo effect of hydrogen peroxide (35%) and peroxide carbamide (37%) six months after whitening. Methods and Materials: Fifty volunteers participated, each with color change in a nonvital tooth. Fifty teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n=25), and the teeth were bleached using either 35% hydrogen peroxide (G1) or 37% carbamide peroxide (G2). Intracoronal bleaching was carried out by a technical “walking bleach” over four sessions. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected and used to quantify the IL-1β and RANK-L secreted levels. Samples of six periodontal sites (three vestibular and three palatal) were collected for up to six months (at the beginning of the study [baseline] and at one week, one month, and six months posttreatment). The color change was visually monitored using the Vita Bleached Guide (ΔSGU). Results: Comparing each time to baseline assessment, a significant increase in the levels of IL-1β and RANK-L across time points was detected (p<0.05). The color change was 4 in G1 and G2, and a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found at the month time point between the groups. Using the Spearman test, a strong correlation (>0.8) between the IL-1β and RANK-L levels in both groups at all time points was detected. Conclusions: Nonvital bleaching using a technical walking bleach induces an increase in the IL-1β and RANKL production in periodontal tissues, which persists for six months after treatment. Both biomarkers were highly correlated in both groups and at all time points.

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Efficacy of Lignocaine in Gel and Spray form during Buccal Infiltration Anesthesia in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1611 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 750-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anshul Sharma ◽

BS Suprabha

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Topical Anesthetic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Spray Form ◽

Buccal Infiltration ◽

Infiltration Anesthesia

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the efficacy of 15% lignocaine spray and 8% lignocaine gel as a topical anesthetic, in reducing pain, during buccal infiltration in children. Materials and methods Forty-two patients aged between 7 and 12 years requiring restorative procedures/extraction/pulp therapy of primary/ permanent teeth in the maxillary arch, under buccal infiltration anesthesia were selected for the study. The participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 21 each. In group A, 8% lignocaine gel and in group B, 15% lignocaine spray was applied prior to buccal infiltration. Pain was assessed using Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPRS) and faces legs activity cry and consolability (FLACC) painscale. Results Pearson's chi-square test revealed that there was no significant difference in the FLACC scores of the two groups (p = 0.54). Independent t-test demonstrated that there was no significant difference in Wong-Bakers faces pain score between the two agents (p = 0.07). Conclusion There is no significant difference in the efficacy of 15% lignocaine spray and 8% lignocaine gel as a topical anesthetic in controlling pain during buccal infiltration anesthesia, in children. How to cite this article Sharma A, Suprabha BS, Shenoy R, Rao A. Efficacy of Lignocaine in Gel and Spray form during Buccal Infiltration Anesthesia in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(6):750-754.

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Longevity, Esthetic Perception, and Psychosocial Impact of Teeth Bleaching by Low (6%) Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration for In-office Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/15-335-c ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 41-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

E Fernández ◽

C Bersezio ◽

J Bottner ◽

F Avalos ◽

I Godoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Color Difference ◽

Psychosocial Impact ◽

Bleaching Procedure ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Shade Guide

SUMMARY Objective: The aim was to evaluate the color longevity after nine months of in-office bleaching with gel (6% hydrogen peroxide), to compare this to a control concentration of 35% in a split-mouth study model, and to assess the dental confidence and psychosocial impact on patients. Methods and Materials: Twenty-seven patients were assessed at the nine-month recall. The bleaching procedure with 6% or 35% hydrogen peroxide gel was performed randomly in the upper hemi-arch of each patient. The color was measured at baseline and at one week, one month, and nine months after the procedure, using the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer, the Vita classical shade guide organized by value, and Vita Bleach Guide 3DMaster. Moreover, two surveys, OHIP-Esthetics and PIDAQ, were used to assess the esthetic self-perception and psychosocial impact of the bleaching procedure. During the nine-month recall, the color was assessed before and after dental prophylaxis. Results: Twenty-seven patients participated in the nine-month recall. There was a significant difference in ΔE between the two groups at all times assessed (p<0.011). The ΔL, Δa, and Δb showed a difference between the two groups at all times assessed (p<0.038), except for ΔL from the baseline vs nine-month after prophylaxis value (p>0.20). There was no significant difference in ΔSGU at all times (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in OHIP-Esthetics and PIDAQ sums compared with baseline scores (p<0.03). Conclusion: The two compounds remained effective at nine months, with a slight rebound of color, and maintained their objective color difference but not the subjective color difference. Patients were satisfied with the bleaching procedure, and this had a positive impact on esthetic perception and a positive psychosocial impact at the nine-month recall.

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The Effect of Valerian and Ginger on Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Clinical Trial

International Journal of Women s Health and Reproduction Sciences ◽

10.15296/ijwhr.2020.15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 101-105

Author(s):

Masoumeh Davood Abadi ◽

Katayon Vakilian ◽

Nafiseh Seyyed Zadeh Aghdam ◽

Mehdi Ranjbaran

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Young Females ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Analgesic Use

Objectives: Dysmenorrhea is a frequent complaint in young females. In recent years, researchers have grown an interest in the use of herbal drugs to decrease menstrual pain given the side effects of chemical drugs. This project was conducted to evaluate the effect of valerian and ginger on the duration of pain and analgesic use in dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: This triple-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 210 dormitory females who were randomly divided into valerian, ginger, and control groups after opening an envelope. In this study, 250 and 350 mg of ginger and valerian in each capsule were administered, respectively, and 250 mg sugar was used as a placebo. The number of days with pain and analgesic use were evaluated as well. Finally, descriptive (percentage and mean) and inferential (t test, post hoc, and chi-square at a significance level of 0.05) statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the study showed a marginally significant difference in the duration of pain between ginger (1.61±0.64 days) and control (2.12±0.81 days) groups (P=0.052), and significant difference between ginger (1.61±0.64 days) and valerian (2.53±1.43 days) groups (P=0.001). The mean days of analgesic use among the three groups were not different significantly (P>0.05). However, the mean severity of symptoms significantly differed between ginger (0.73±0.28) and control (0.3±0.04) groups and increased in the ginger group (P=0.003). Conclusions: In general, the administration of valerian and ginger at the doses used in this study failed to produce desirable analgesic effects and thus could not decrease the symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea

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Randomized Clinical Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Four Professional At-home Tooth Whitening Gels

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/12-402-c ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 136-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

V Alonso de la Peña ◽

M López Ratón

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Tooth Whitening ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Color Changes ◽

Whitening Agent ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Made In ◽

At Home

SUMMARY Objective This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of four gels of differing concentrations used for at-home vital bleaching. Materials and Methods Ninety-six volunteers participated in the study and were divided into four groups of 24 individuals. A gel of differing concentration was used for each group: 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide and 7.5% and 9.5% hydrogen peroxide. The patients used the whitening agent in a tray without reservoirs for one hour per day for two weeks. The measurement of the change in tooth color was made by two observers in the maxillary right central incisor and with a colorimeter in both upper central incisors and canines, using the CIE L*a*b* and CIE L*C*h* values. Sensitivity was evaluated by the participants on a scale with values as follows: 0 = absent, 1 = minor, 2 = moderate, 3 = considerable, 4 = severe. Results At the baseline, the observers noted darker colors than the colorimeter (p<0.01), and there were differences between incisors and canines in all the CIE L*a*b* and CIE L*C*h* values (p<0.001). In all of the groups and for all of the CIE L*a*b* and CIE L*C*h* parameters, there were color changes in the assessments made in the four maxillary teeth after treatment (p<0.001). There were no differences in ΔL* and ΔE* between the groups. The number of patients who experienced sensitivity and the intensity of the sensitivity were not significant. Conclusions There were no differences in the degree of whitening among the different products. With all of the products there was an increase in L*, a decrease in chromatic intensity (C*), and an increase in the value (tone) or hue (h*).

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Dental Fluorosis Treatment Can Improve the Individuals’ OHRQoL? Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201801733 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 109-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sônia Saeger Meireles ◽

Marilia Leão Goettems ◽

Kaline Silva Castro ◽

Fábio Correia Sampaio ◽

Flávio Fernando Demarco

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Tooth Bleaching ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Related Quality ◽

At Home

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of two treatment protocols for dental fluorosis in individuals enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Seventy volunteers, who lived in a fluorosis endemic area in Brazil, and had at least four maxillary anterior teeth showing fluorosis with a Thylstrup and Fejerskov index from 1 to 7, were randomized into two treatment groups (n= 35): GI- enamel microabrasion; or GII- microabrasion associated with at-home bleaching. Microabrasion was performed using 37% phosphoric acid and pumice, and at-home tooth bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide in a tray. Volunteers completed a questionnaire at baseline and 1-month post treatment to assess changes in OHRQoL, using the Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP). Differences in overall impact scores between and within treatment groups were analyzed with Wilcoxon (within) and Mann-Whitney (between) tests. Changes in performance scores were analyzed using Wilcoxon tests (a< 0.05). One month after treatment, subjects reported improvement in OHRQoL. Both groups showed lower OIDP scores (p< 0.001), but there was no difference between them. Eating, cleaning teeth, smiling and emotional state performance scores were lower after treatment for the whole sample. In conclusion, the treatment with microabrasion improved the OHRQoL in this sample of individuals living in a fluorosis endemic area regardless of the addition of at-home bleaching.

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Preventive Use of a Resin-based Desensitizer Containing Glutaraldehyde on Tooth Sensitivity Caused by In-office Bleaching: A Randomized, Single-blind Clinical Trial

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-020-c ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 472-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ACS Diniz ◽

SNL Lima ◽

RRdJ Tavarez ◽

AH Borges ◽

SCS Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Color Change ◽

Absolute Risk ◽

Tooth Whitening ◽

Tooth Sensitivity ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Numerical Rating ◽

Shade Guide ◽

Single Blind

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the risk and intensity of bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity (TS) after in-office bleaching following topical application of a resin-based glutaraldehyde desensitizer. Methods: Thirty-three patients were randomly assigned to the experimental (Gluma Desensitizer Liquid, Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) and placebo groups. The placebo or Gluma Desensitizer Liquid was applied for one minute prior to application of an in-office bleaching gel. Bleaching was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (three applications × 15 minutes each) over two sessions, one week apart. The color of the anterior teeth was evaluated before and 21 days after treatment using the VITA Classical shade guide, Bleachedguide 3D, and Easyshade spectrophotometer. TS during and after the bleaching was recorded according to the visual analog (VAS) and numerical rating (NRS) scales. All data were submitted to statistical analysis (α=0.05). Results: There was no significant difference in absolute risk or intensity of TS between the two groups (risk and VAS, p=0.93 and 0.31, respectively; NRS, p≥0.45). At the end of the bleaching protocol, tooth whitening was observed in both groups, as evident from color change in shade guide units (ΔSGU, 4.1-7.1; both guides) and overall color change (ΔE, 7.4-9.3 units); however, there were no significant differences in whitening between the two groups (p>0.11). Conclusion: Gluma Desensitizer Liquid was not able to reduce the risk or intensity of TS. Bleaching efficacy was not affected by application of the desensitizer.

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