Clinical Effects of Exposure to Coffee During At-home Vital Bleaching

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. E229-E236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rezende ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis ◽  
S Kossatz
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

SUMMARY The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether exposure to coffee during bleaching treatment with 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) affects the degree of whitening and tooth sensitivity. Forty patients with central incisors darker than A2 were selected. Participants who did not drink coffee were assigned to the control group (CG), while participants who drink coffee at least twice a day were assigned to the experimental group (EG). For CG, foods with dyes were restricted. For EG there was no restriction on food and patients were asked to make coffee rinses for 30 seconds, four times daily. For both groups 16% CP was used for a period of three hours daily for three weeks. Shade evaluation was assessed visually by Vita classical shade guide and by the Easyshade spectrophotometer at baseline, during bleaching (first, second, and third weeks), and postbleaching (one week and one month). Patients recorded their sensitivity perceptions by means of the numerical rating scale and 0-10 visual analog scales. Variation in shade guide units and the two colors (ΔE) were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Absolute risk of tooth sensitivity and intensity of tooth sensitivity was evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Effective bleaching was observed for both groups after three weeks, without statistical difference. No difference in terms of risk of tooth sensitivity and intensity of tooth sensitivity was detected between groups. Approximately 57% of the participants experienced tooth sensitivity, which was recorded mainly as “mild.” Exposure to coffee during bleaching treatment does not seem to affect the degree of bleaching and tooth sensitivity.

Clinical Study of Bleaching Gel Storage Temperature on Tooth Color and Sensitivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Hortkoff ◽  
B Fortes Bittencourt ◽  
J Mendes Nadal ◽  
OM Mongruel Gomes ◽  
M Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Storage Temperatures

SUMMARY Objective: The objective of this triple-blind, split-mouth, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity of an in-office bleaching agent submitted to different storage temperatures (room temperature at 21.04°C±3.13°C or refrigeration at 5°C). Methods and Materials: Thirty volunteers were selected who had central incisors with color A2 or higher. The volunteers' maxillary hemi-arches received either the bleaching treatment with room temperature or refrigerated storage temperatures (two sessions of 3×15 minutes, one-week interval). Color variation was evaluated by subjective (Vita Classic and Vita Bleachedguide) and objective methods (Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer). Tooth sensitivity was evaluated with the visual analog scale (0–10) and the numerical rating scale (five points). The consistency of bleaching gels was evaluated by flow test, and pH was measured, both in triplicate. Color variation (SGU) and ΔE were analyzed by paired t-test (α=0.05). The absolute risk of pain was assessed by McNemar test (α=0.05), data from the numerical rating scale by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α=0.05), and visual analog scale by paired t-test. Comparison between the times within each group was analyzed by Friedman test. Gel consistency and pH were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post-test. Results: Regarding the absolute risk of tooth sensitivity, no significant difference was observed between the groups. The relative risk for tooth sensitivity was 1.13 (95%, confidence interval 0.70–1.82). Both tooth sensitivity scales were statistically similar. The results of the subjective evaluation (Vita Classic: p=0.73, Vita Bleachedguide: p=1.00) and the objective evaluation (p=1.00) of bleaching efficacy corresponded to the hypothesis of equality between groups after bleaching. Both pH values were around 7, and for the consistency test, there were significant differences between the groups (p=0.002). Conclusions: Storage temperature of the analyzed in-office bleaching agent had no influence on tooth color effectiveness and tooth sensitivity.

scholarly journals The Effect of Perioperative Ibuprofen Use on Tooth Sensitivity Caused by In-Office Bleaching

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Paula ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
D Fernandes ◽  
A Loguercio ◽  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Bleaching Treatment ◽  
Student’S T Test

SUMMARY Objective: This study determined the effect of the administration of perioperative ibuprofen 400 mg on tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching. Methods: A triple-blind, parallel-design, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 adults who received placebo or ibuprofen before and after bleaching. The drugs were administered three times per day for 48 hours; the first dose was given one hour prior to the bleaching treatment. Two bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel were performed with a one-week interval. Tooth sensitivity was recorded on two scales: visual analogue and five-point verbal rating scale up to 48 hours after bleaching. The shade evaluation was performed with a visual shade guide and spectrophotometer, before and 30 days after bleaching. The absolute risk of tooth sensitivity and its intensity were evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively. The shade changes were evaluated by Student's t-test. Results: Both groups showed similar absolute risk of tooth sensitivity (p>0.05). Lower tooth sensitivity was observed in the experimental group only up to one hour postbleaching (p=0.04). Similar tooth sensitivity was observed in the other periods of time. Conclusion: The perioperative use of the anti-inflammatory ibuprofen was not able to avoid tooth sensitivity but reduced its intensity up to one hour after bleaching.

Comparison of Analgesic Effect of Levobupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine and Levobupivacaine for Scalp Block before Supratentorial Craniotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1028-1035
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Supratentorial Craniotomy ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Fentanyl Consumption ◽  
Scalp Block

Background: Craniotomy causes acute and chronic pain. Uncontrolled postoperative pain may lead to adverse events. Perioperative scalp nerves block is not only effective in reducing intraoperative hemodynamic response, but it also reduces postoperative pain and postoperative analgesia requirement. Objective: To compare the benefits of adding dexmedetomidine to levobupivacaine in scalp nerves block before craniotomy for the duration of analgesia in supratentorial craniotomy. Materials and Methods: After approval by the Committee for Research, 50 supratentorial craniotomy patients were randomized into two groups. The control group received 30 mL scalp nerves block with 0.25% levobupivacaine with adrenaline 1:200,000, whereas the study group received 30 mL scalp nerves block with 0.25% levobupivacaine with adrenaline 1:200,000 plus dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg. The primary outcome was the time to first analgesic requirement postoperatively. The secondary outcomes included intraoperative fentanyl consumption, verbal numerical rating scale, tramadol consumption, and complications during the first 24 hours postoperatively. Results: Patients in the study group had significantly increase time to the first analgesic requirement in postoperative period and reduced intraoperative fentanyl consumption. The median time to first analgesic requirement was 555 (360 to 1,035) minutes in the study group versus 405 (300 to 520) minutes in the control group (p=0.023). Intraoperative fentanyl consumption 125 (75 to 175) mcg in the study group was significantly lower than 200 (150 to 250) mcg in the control group (p=0.02). The verbal numerical rating scale at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively, tramadol consumption, and complications during the first 24 hours postoperatively were not statistically significant different. Conclusion: Preoperative scalp nerves block with 0.25% levobupivacaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) with dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg significantly increased the time to first analgesic requirement and reduced intraoperative fentanyl consumption compared to 0.25% levobupivacaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) without perioperative complications. Keywords: Scalp block, Dexmedetomidine, Post-craniotomy analgesia, Supratentorial tumor, Levobupivacaine

scholarly journals Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the inflammatory sonographic features in erosive hand osteoarthritis: an intervention study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Xia Xu ◽  
Ruth Wittoek
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Doppler Signal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hand Osteoarthritis ◽  
Synovial Proliferation ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Power Doppler Signal

Abstract Objective The aim was to examine whether inflammatory US features in erosive hand OA patients change when discontinuing intake of NSAIDs before US examination in a non-randomized study. Methods Patients (n = 99) were allocated to the NSAIDs or control group according to their intake at baseline. US was performed at baseline (T0) and 2 weeks after discontinuation of NSAIDs (T1). Inflammatory features (i.e. synovial proliferation, effusion and power Doppler signal) were scored using a semi-quantitative scale (from zero to three). Pain levels were scored on a numerical rating scale. Binomial mixed models were fitted for US features, and odds ratios of having a US score of at least two vs at most one for synovial proliferation and effusion, and zero vs at least one for power Doppler were calculated. Results At baseline, both groups [NSAIDs group (n = 47) vs control group (n = 52)] were comparable for numerical rating scale pain, disease duration, number of radiographically affected joints, BMI and US baseline data, but not for age (P = 0.005). At T1, more synovial proliferation and power Doppler signal was seen compared with T0 in the NSAIDs group (P = 0.018 and 0.031, respectively). However, the interaction term time*NSAIDs was not found to be significant for any variable. The numerical rating scale pain at T1 was higher compared with baseline, although statistically non-significant. Conclusion No significant changes in inflammatory US features were seen in patients with erosive hand OA after withdrawal of NSAIDs for 2 weeks. This study suggests that an NSAID-free period is not necessary before assessing inflammatory disease activity in erosive hand OA.

scholarly journals The effects of a novel pilates exercise prescription method on people with non-specific unilateral musculoskeletal pain: a randomised pilot trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Augustine Joshua Devasahayam ◽  
Doreen Ren Yan Ho ◽  
Elsa Yee Sum Leung ◽  
Ming Rong Goh ◽  
Patricia Koh
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Numerical Rating

Background: Pain alters the neuromuscular activation and results in altered movement adaptations. A new exercise prescription method proposes that we can restore the neuromuscular control by rehabilitating the deficient neural drive through Pilates exercises. This is done by identifying the postural control deficits using single-leg tests such as hopping, half squats and heel raises. The aim of this study was to find out if this method of prescribing exercises results in clinically relevant outcomes. Methods: Fifteen patients with chronic non-specific low back pain with unilateral musculoskeletal pain were recruited. Following consent, all patients were randomly assigned either to perform gym or Pilates-based individualised exercises once weekly for six weeks. The primary outcome was to measure the pain intensity using a 0–10 numerical rating scale. The secondary outcome measures were: the global perceived effect scale (GPE; 0–10), the patient-specific functional scale (PSFS; the patient-generated measure of disability) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC; the condition-specific measure of disability). Results: There were statistically significant differences noted after intervention within the control group in the numerical rating scale ( P=0.041), GPE ( P=0.024), PSFS ( P=0.039) and within the experimental group in the WOMAC ( P=0.008), GPE ( P=0.007) and PSFS ( P=0.007). However, as there were clinically significant baseline differences, the within-group difference could be due to regression to the mean. There were no statistically significant results between the two groups after intervention. Conclusion: This new prescription method for Pilates-based exercises may improve disability and global perception of recovery. However, the outcomes are not different from a regular gym-based exercise programme.

Assessment of pain, care burden, depression level, sleep quality, fatigue and quality of life in the mothers of children with cerebral palsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilknur Albayrak ◽  
Ayten Biber ◽  
Ahmet Çalışkan ◽  
Funda Levendoglu
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
Pain Care

The aim of this study were to evaluate pain, care burden, depression level, sleep quality, fatigue and quality of life (QoL) among a group of mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare their results with a group of healthy controls. The study involved 101 mothers who had children with CP and 67 mothers who had a healthy child as the control group. Pain, care burden, depression level, sleep quality, fatigue and QoL of all the participants were evaluated by the numerical rating scale, the Zarit care burden scale (ZCBS), the beck depression inventory (BDI), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the checklist individual strength (CIS) and the short form-36 (SF-36), respectively. Numerical rating scale value was 3.57 ± 2.96 in the patient group. When the two groups were compared, the CP group showed higher scores for ZCBS, BDI, PSQI, total CIS and SF-36 subscales of general health and vitality whereas the scores for role physical, role emotional, mental health and mental component summary were found to be lower in the patients, compared to the control group. Reducing caregiving burden of the mothers’ by other family members and increasing psychosocial supports may help improve the mother’s health status.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the quadriceps strengthening exercise on pain and functional ability of the women with Osteoarthritis (OA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Absar Ahmed Qureshi ◽  
◽  
Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani ◽  
Premalatha Paulsamy ◽  
Krishnaraju Venkatesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Numerical Rating

A Quasi experimental design was adopted for this study to find out the effectiveness of quadriceps strengthening exercise program on pain and functional ability of women with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Fifty women with OA were selected in which first 25 women were enrolled in the control group and second 25 women were allotted in the exercise group. Assessments were performed at baseline and at 8 weeks. The functional ability was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was used to assess the pain level .For the exercise group, quadriceps strengthening exercises were taught and asked the patients to follow the exercise schedule for 8 weeks. The study results show that the pain and functional abilty scores were improved in the exercise group and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The study concluded that a simple quadriceps strengthening exercise programme can significantly improve self reported knee pain and functional ability among women with Knee osteoarthritis. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Pain, Functional Ability, Exercise, Quadriceps strengthening, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)

scholarly journals STIMULASI KUTANEUS LEBIH EFEKTIF MENURUNKAN NYERI DISMENORE PADA REMAJA DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN KUNYIT ASAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Natalia Devi Oktarina ◽  
Suwanti Suwanti ◽  
M. Imron Rosyidi
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Numerical Rating

Nyeri dismenore adalah nyeri di daerah panggul akibat menstruasi dan produksi zat prostaglandin yang membuat dinding rahim berkontraksi dan pembuluh darah sekitarnya terjepit (kontriksi) yang menimbulkan iskemi jaringan. Penanganan nyeri dismenore dapat dilakukan dengan nonfarmakologis diantaranya dengan pemberian minuman kunyit asam dan stimulasi kutaneus. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas pemberian kunyit asam yang baisa dikonsumsi remaja dengan pemberian stimulasi kutaneusterhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri dismenore pada siswi remaja putri. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasy eksperiment dengan rancangan pretest-posttest with control group design. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling. Besarnya sampel adalah 40 remaja di Desa Candirejo Kabupaten Semarang. Instrumen penelitiannya berupa lembar observasi nyeri Numerical Rating Scale. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik t-test independent. Hasil penelitian melalui uji statistik t-test independent menunjukkan nilai p-value 0,002  yang artinya ada perbedaan efektivitas pemberian kunyit asam dan stimulasi kutaneus terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri haid dengan rata-rata penurunan skala nyeri lebih tinggi pada stimulasi kutaneus. Kesimpulannya adalah stimulasi kutaneus lebih efektif menurunkan skala nyeri dismenore pada remaja putri.Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan diharapkan intervensi stimulasi kutaneus dapat diterapkan dan diaplikasikan sebagai intervensi baru bagi remaja ataupun masyarakat untuk mengatasi dismenore. Kata kunci      : nyeri dismenore, kunyit asam, stimulasi kutaneus

scholarly journals Laughter and Stress Relief in Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Kim ◽  
Y. H. Kim ◽  
H. J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a therapeutic laughter program and the number of program sessions on anxiety, depression, and stress in breast cancer patients. A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 31 patients who received four sessions of therapeutic laughter program comprised and 29 who were assigned to the no-program control group. Scores for anxiety, depression, and stress were measured using an 11-point numerical rating scale. While no change was detected in the control group, the program group reported reductions of 1.94, 1.84, and 2.06 points for anxiety, depression, and stress, respectively (p<0.01,p<0.01, andp<0.01). Scores decreased significantly after the first therapeutic laughter session (p<0.05,p<0.01, andp<0.01). As the therapeutic laughter program was effective after only a single session in reducing anxiety, depression, and stress in breast cancer patients, it could be recommended as a first-line complementary/alternative therapy.

scholarly journals Effect of Piroxicam and/or Ascorbic Acid on Postoperative Pain in Orchidectomised Goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Oluchukwu Okafor ◽  
Bolanle Dupe Remi-Adewunmi ◽  
Samuel Tanko Fadason
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neck Extension ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Shallow Breathing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The study evaluates effects of varied doses of ascorbic acid and piroxicam on behavioural signs of pain in orchidectomised Savannah Brown goats during their postsurgical pain management. The goats were divided into 6 groups of 3 goats each. Orchidectomy was performed on all animals under sedation with xylazine and linear infiltration with lignocaine. After surgery, varied doses of piroxicam (IM) and ascorbic acid (IV) were administered to the goats: Group A = piroxicam, 5 mg/kg + ascorbic acid, 100 mg/kg; Group B = piroxicam, 5 mg/kg + ascorbic acid, 200 mg/kg; Group C = piroxicam, 10 mg/kg + ascorbic acid, 100 mg/kg; Group D = piroxicam, 5 mg/kg; Group E: ascorbic acid, 100 mg/kg together with antibiotics, procaine penicillin, 20,000 IU/kg + streptomycin, 10 mg/kg (IM); and Group F (control) received only the antibiotics. After surgery, pain intensity was determined in each goat by numerical rating scale. Vocalisation, teeth grinding, rapid and shallow breathing, tail wagging, occasionally bleating, neck extension, and dorsal lip curling were recorded at varying degrees across the experimental groups. The goats in the control group showed the highest degree of behavioural signs of pain. It is concluded that treatment with a combination of piroxicam and ascorbic acid ameliorated pain more than either of the agents in orchidectomised Savannah Brown goats.

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