Buffering of sodium concentration by cation exchange in the groundwater system of a sandy aquifer

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangjoo Kim ◽  
Seong-Taek Yun
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Groundwater System ◽  
Sandy Aquifer

The Origin of Chemical Variations in Groundwaters from a Small Watershed in Southwestern Ontario

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 893-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin W. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Small Watershed ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Groundwater System ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Pass Through

A very striking and unique feature of the groundwater system within the Upper Kettle Creek watershed is the marked concentration decrease of nearly all ionic species in the direction of flow. The conceptual model proposed here attributes this decrease to selective ion filtration by the Port Stanley till. Ionic constituents generated in the shallow groundwater zone by dissolution of the porous medium either pass through the till or accumulate depending upon their relative mobilities. Other important processes that influence the composition of the groundwaters are cation exchange within the Port Stanley till, CO2 gas generation within the soil zones of recharge areas, and the upward leakage of H2S gas from deeper in the Paleozoic section.

Effect of different anions back-diffusion through cation-exchange membrane at different cathodes: anode sodium concentration ratio

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Xuelong Sha ◽  
Heli Zhao ◽  
Shuibo Wu ◽  
Tianbao Shao ◽  
Yongjiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Cation Exchange Membrane ◽  
Back Diffusion ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Metazoans from a sandy aquifer: dynamics across a physically and chemically heterogeneous groundwater system

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine C. Hakenkamp ◽  
Margaret A. Palmer ◽  
Bruce R. James
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater System ◽  
Sandy Aquifer ◽  
Aquifer Dynamics

scholarly journals A MiniSandwich Experiment with Blended Ca-Bentonite and Pearson Water—Hydration, Swelling, Solute Transport and Cation Exchange

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Katja Emmerich ◽  
Eleanor Bakker ◽  
Franz Königer ◽  
Christopher Rölke ◽  
Till Popp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Opalinus Clay ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Clay Formation

Shaft seals are geotechnical barriers in nuclear waste deposits and underground mines. The Sandwich sealing system consists of alternating sealing segments (DS) of bentonite and equipotential segments (ES). MiniSandwich experiments were performed with blended Ca-bentonite (90 mm diameter and 125 mm height) to study hydration, swelling, solute transport and cation exchange during hydration with A3 Pearson water, which resembles pore water of Opalinus Clay Formation at sandy facies. Two experiments were run in parallel with DS installed either in one-layer hydrate state (1W) or in air-dry two-layer hydrate (2W) state. Breakthrough at 0.3 MPa injection pressure occurred after 20 days and the fluid inlet was closed after 543 days, where 4289 mL and 2984 mL, respectively, passed both cells. Final hydraulic permeability was 2.0–2.7·10−17 m2. Cells were kept for another 142 days before dismantling. Swelling of DS resulted in slight compaction of ES. No changes in the mineralogy of the DS and ES material despite precipitated halite and sulfates occurred. Overall cation exchange capacity of the DS does not change, maintaining an overall value of 72 ± 2 cmol(+)/kg. Exchangeable Na+ strongly increased while exchangeable Ca2+ decreased. Exchangeable Mg2+ and K+ remained nearly constant. Sodium concentration in the outflow indicated two different exchange processes while the concentration of calcium and magnesium decreased potentially. Concentration of sulfate increased in the outflow, until it reached a constant value and chloride concentration decreased to a minimum before it slightly increased to a constant value. The available data set will be used to adapt numerical models for a mechanism-based description of the observed physical and geochemical processes.

scholarly journals Influence of sodium and potassium fertilization on the sodium concentration of timothy

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommi Peltovuori ◽  
Markku Yli-Halla
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
K Fertilization

Sodium (Na) concentration of forage crops grown in Finland, particularly that of timothy, is much lower than is recommended in the feed of cattle. A pot experiment was carried out on clay, loam and organogenic soils to find out the effect of Na application (0, 200 or 400 mg dm-3 of soil, one application) on the concentration of Na, K, Ca and Mg of timothy and the effect of K fertilization (0, 100 and 200 mg dm-3 for each three harvests) on the efficiency of Na application. Added Na elevated the Na concentration in all harvests on all soils. The magnitude of the effect (organogenic soils≥loam>clay) was opposite to the K supplying power of the soil. Potassium fertilization suppressed the effect of Na application substantially and Na concentration was elevated remarkably only when the K concentration of the plants fell to or below the deficiency level (approximately 15 g kg-1). According to a cation exchange experiment, nearly all added Na remained in the soil solution. Still, the apparent utilization of added Na remained below 4% on all soils, demonstrating the natrophobic nature of timothy. Sodium fertilization of timothy seems to be an ineffective way of increasing the Na content of forage at least on soils of a good K status or when applied with ample K fertilization.

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