A Note on the Volume Change of Tires During Warm-Up

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-255
Author(s):  
D. J. Schuring
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Joule Effect ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Initial Decrease

Abstract Increasing the temperature produces a decrease in tire volume. After longer times the volume tends to increase again. The initial decrease is attributed to the predominance of the Gough-Joule effect over thermal expansion and the delayed increase, to creep.

FREE VOLUME CHANGE OF METALLIC GLASSES STUDIED BY THERMAL EXPANSION MEASUREMENTS

1980 ◽  
Vol 41 (C8) ◽  
pp. C8-875-C8-877
Author(s):  
E. Girt ◽  
P. Tomić ◽  
A. Kuršumović ◽  
T. Mihać-Kosanović
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Free Volume ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Metallic Glasses

Investigating X-Ray Bragg-Line Displacement as a Technique for Determination of the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Solid Samples

2004 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Battaglia ◽  
F. Mango
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Metal Foil ◽  
Joule Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Wire Coil ◽  
Heat Dispersion

Thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) of some metallic samples and rocks, along with one sample of amorphous silica, were determined by means of a standard X-ray diffractometer without any modification to the equipment. Only the sample holder was modified in order to fix the sample within the standard goniometer and avoid heat dispersion into the chamber during heating of the sample. The latter was achieved by the Joule effect through a thermo-coaxial wire coil wrapped directly around the bulk sample. A thin metal foil, aluminium in our case, was placed on the flat surface of the cylinder sample. The variations in Al peak position recorded at various sample temperatures were related directly to the dilatation of the material supporting the thin foil.

scholarly journals On the thermal consolidation of Boom clay

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Delage ◽  
Nabil Sultan ◽  
Yu Jun Cui
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Slow Heating ◽  
Intrinsic Permeability ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
Boom Clay ◽  
Thermal Consolidation

When a mass of saturated clay is heated, as in the case of host soils surrounding nuclear waste disposal at great depth, the thermal expansion of the constituents generates excess pore pressures. The mass of clay is submitted to gradients of pore pressure and temperature, hydraulic and thermal flows, and changes in its mechanical properties. In this work, some of these aspects were experimentally studied in the case of Boom clay to help predict the response of the soil, in relation to investigations in the Belgian underground laboratory at Mol. Results of slow-heating tests with careful volume change measurements showed that a reasonable prediction of the thermal expansion of the clay-water system was obtained by using the thermal properties of free water. Despite the density of Boom clay, no significant effect of water adsorption was observed. The thermal consolidation of Boom clay was studied through fast-heating tests. A simple analysis shows that the hydraulic and thermal transfers are uncoupled. Experimental results from fast-heating tests showed that the consolidation coefficient does not change significantly with increased temperature, due to the opposite effect of increasing permeability and decreasing porosity. The changes of permeability with temperature were investigated by running constant head measurements at various temperatures. An indirect analysis, based on estimation of the coefficient of volume change mv, showed that the indirect method of estimating the permeability from consolidation tests should be considered carefully. Intrinsic permeability values were derived by considering the change of the viscosity of free water with temperature. A unique relationship between the intrinsic permeability and the porosity was observed, with no dependence on temperature, confirming that the flow involved in the permeability test only concerns free water.Key words: clays, thermal consolidation, adsorbed water, permeability, temperature effects, radioactive waste disposal.

The Amphorous and Crystalline Forms of Rubber Hydrocarbon

1937 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Heat Of Fusion ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Volume Coefficient ◽  
Second Order Transition

Abstract The coefficients of thermal expansion and the heat capacities of rubber hydrocarbon, both in an amorphous and in a so-called crystalline form, have been recently reported in two papers by Bekkedahl and Matheson. According to these investigators, the amorphous form undergoes a transition of the second order in the neighborhood of 199° K. Above this temperature they found a rather abrupt increase of approximately 205 per cent in the volume coefficient of thermal expansion, and one of about 38 per cent in the heat capacity. These phenomena are strikingly similar to those found in numerous studies on glasses in this laboratory, and especially in the recent investigation on polyisobutylene by Ferry and Parks. Thus, with the particular sample of polymerized isobutene employed, the transition region centered around 197° K. and the subsequent increases in volume coefficient and heat capacity were 200 and 32 per cent, respectively. Bekkedahl and Matheson found that, by cooling the amorphous rubber hydrocarbon to about 230° K. and then permitting it to warm up slowly over a period of days, their material could be obtained in a “crystalline” form. These “crystals” melted at 284° K. with a heat of fusion of 4.0 calories per gram. They also exhibited the previously mentioned second-order transition at about 199° K., but with somewhat smaller subsequent increases with rising temperature, i. e., about 165 per cent increase in the volume coefficient of thermal expansion and 28 per cent in the heat capacity. Two facts appear surprising and highly significant with these “crystals”: (1) the value of the heat of fusion which is extremely low compared with the figures of 20 to 54 calories per gram hitherto reported for various aliphatic hydrocarbons melting near room temperature, and (2) the duplication of the second-order transition found previously for amorphous rubber hydrocarbon.

Thermal expansion of corium prepared from UO2 and Zircaloy-2

2012 ◽  
Vol 1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Hirooka ◽  
Masatoshi Akashi ◽  
Teppei Uchida ◽  
Kyoichi Morimoto ◽  
Masato Kato
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Thermal Vibration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Ar Gas

ABSTRACTIn this study, sintered pellets were prepared from Zircaloy-2 oxide and UO2 as a parameter of content ratio (Zr contents were 0, 24.3, 49.0, 73.4, and 97.9 at% in metal). The sintered pellets were heated in 5%H2/Ar gas. UO2 pellets underwent simple thermal expansion caused by thermal vibration while Zircaloy-2 oxide pellets underwent thermal expansion and volume change with phase transformation. Finally, the 24.3, 49.0, and 73.5 at%Zr-UO2 pellet specimens showed both phenomena. However, phase transformation temperatures were lower than that of Zircaloy-2 oxide, and volume changes were much smaller. X-ray diffraction patterns obtained after thermal expansion measurements showed that the 24.3 at%Zr-UO2 specimen contained tetragonal and cubic (Zr, U)O2 while the 73.5 at%Zr-UO2 specimen contained mainly monoclinic ZrO2.

Direct measurements of thermal expansion and the volume change upon melting for graphite

Carbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 537-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Kondratyev ◽  
V.N. Korobenko ◽  
A.D. Rakhel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Direct Measurements

Crystallization and Second-Order Transitions in Silicone Rubbers

1951 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Weir ◽  
W. H. Leser ◽  
L. A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Linear Thermal Expansion ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Second Order Transition ◽  
Silicone Rubbers

Abstract In the course of an investigation to determine which rubbers might be suitable for use at low temperatures, interferometric measurements of the length-temperature relationships of silicone rubbers have been made. Crystallization was found between −60° and −67° C in Dow-Corning Silastic X-6160 and in General Electric 9979G silicone rubber, the latter of which contains no filler. Crystallization between −75° and −85° C was found in Silastic 250. Melting occurred over a range of temperature above the temperature of crystallization. The volume change on crystallization varied from 2.0 to 7.8 per cent. No crystallization or melting phenomena were observed in Silastic X-6073 between −180° and +100° C. All types of silicone rubber exhibited a second-order transition at about −123° C, the lowest temperature at which such a transition has been observed in a polymer. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion of silicone rubbers containing no filler was found to be about 40×10−5/degree C between −35° and 0° C.

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