scholarly journals Moving Targets: Assessing Fraser River Pink Salmon Run Size during a Period of Change and Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merran Hague ◽  
Rachael Hornsby ◽  
Jessica Gill ◽  
Catherine Michielsens ◽  
Erica Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Moving Targets

Bioconcentration of Chlorophenols by Early Life Stages of Fraser River Pink and Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. tshawytscha)

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Servizi ◽  
Robert W. Gordon ◽  
John H. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents ◽  
Salmon Fry

Abstract Chlorophenol content of emergent pink salmon fry from five natal spawning grounds and fingerling Chinook from the Fraser River was determined. Major Chlorophenols identified were pentachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Sources of these compounds appear to be lumber mills using chlorophenol based fungicides and pulp and paper mill effluents. Chlorophenol content was greatest in pink salmon fry from the Thompson River (58.4 ng/g total Chlorophenols). Fingerling Chinook from the Fraser River contained 3 7.7 ng/g total Chlorophenols. The 96-hr LC50 of Woodbrite 24, a chlorophenol based fungicide to pink salmon during the egg-to-fry stage was determined to be in the 100 to 150 ug/L range. This range is about 100 times higher than average levels reported for Fraser River water.

Use of the stratified-Petersen estimator in fisheries management: estimating the number of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawners in the Fraser River

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl James Schwarz ◽  
Carolyn Gail Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Differential Migration ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Recent Developments

The simple-Petersen estimator is a well-known mark-recapture method to estimate animal abundance. Two key assumptions are equal catchability in both samples and complete mixing of tagged and untagged animals. If these are violated, severe bias can occur. The stratified-Petersen estimator can be used to account for some of the heterogeneity in catchability or mixing. In this paper, we first review recent developments in the stratified-Petersen experiment for fisheries audiences and demonstrate some of the practical problems that can occur that have not been discussed in the theoretical literature. Second, we present a case study to estimate the gross escapement of Fraser River pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in 1991. The motivation for this study is a discrepancy of over 5 million fish between the estimates as derived by the Pacific Salmon Commission (PSC) (7.5 million fish based on a hydroacoustic method) and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Canada (13.0 million fish based on a mark-recapture method). One hypothesis put forward was that the discrepancy may be due to the use of a pooled-Petersen estimator when there is differential migration over time. The stratified-Petersen model suggests that little of this discrepancy can be explained by differential migration.

The influence of population dynamics and environmental conditions on pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) recolonization after barrier removal in the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Pess ◽  
R. Hilborn ◽  
K. Kloehn ◽  
T.P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
River System ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Barrier Removal

When barriers are removed, what biotic and abiotic factors determine how fish populations will colonize newly available habitats? We used counts of adult pink salmon ( Oncorhywnchus gorbuscha ) from 1947 to 1987 in 66 streams of the Fraser River system, British Columbia, Canada, to determine when colonizing pink salmon populations became self-sustaining after a long-term migration blockage at Hell’s Gate (river kilometre 209) was reduced. The abundance of salmon in available habitats were largely controlled by extrinsic factors such as an initially large source population, high intrinsic growth rates linked to favorable climate-driven conditions, a constant supply of dispersers, and large amounts of newly available habitat. Temporal variation in flows at Hell’s Gate also affected recolonization success. Self-sustaining populations were developed within years of barrier removal and have continued to help expand the overall population of Fraser River pink salmon. However, pink salmon were considerably more abundant in the early 1900s than in the 1980s (∼48 million vs. ∼2.7 million), and the majority of spawning shifted from the historic areas above Hell’s Gate prior to the rockslide to below Hell’s Gate in the lower Fraser River after the long-term blockage was reduced, so the system has not returned to the former abundance and distribution patterns.

Transplantation of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) into Masset inlet, British Columbia, in the Barren Years

1938 ◽  
Vol 4a (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
River Fishery

In 1931, 1933, 1935, odd-numbered years, when no natural runs of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) occur in the Masset area, British Columbia, transfers of eggs were made from the Tlell river on the east coast of Graham island to McClinton creek, a tributary of Masset inlet. The following free-swimming fry were released: from the 1931 experiment—753,646 normal and 124,002 "marked" by the removal of the adipose and left ventral fins, and from that of 1935—397,657 normal and 108,200 "marked" by the removal of the adipose and right ventral fins. From the former, 40 "marked" adults were recovered in the Fraser river fishery in 1933, and from the latter four "marked" adults at McClinton creek in 1937. In the 1933 experiment 540,294 eyed eggs were planted but these were destroyed by freshets the following winter. Possible reasons for the failure of these experiments and the absolute blank in the "off" years are suggested.

Coastal Movements of Mature Fraser River Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) as Revealed by Ultrasonic Tracking

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1309-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Stasko ◽  
R. M. Horrall ◽  
A. D. Hasler ◽  
D. Stasko
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Ground Speed ◽  
The North ◽  
Active Fish ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking

Eleven mature pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) were tracked in September 1967 for periods of 3–50 hr over distances from 2 to 127 km to determine migration patterns.The fish were classified as "active" or "passive." Active fish moved faster and their paths were straighter. Active tracks ended distant from and to the north (toward the Fraser River) of the release point; passive tracks ended near or south of the release point. Active fish did not follow shorelines, but travelled primarily along the axes of tidal currents. They moved both with the northward flood and against the southward ebb currents, during day and at night. Average ground speed of active fish was 62 cm/sec (2.2 km/hr).

Critical Swimming Speed of Fraser and Thompson River Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Williams ◽  
J. R. Brett
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
River Fish

Critical swimming speeds were determined for male and female pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) captured from the Fraser and Thompson rivers and Seton Creek, British Columbia. The fish were categorized into two basic groups. Lower river fish were captured from the Fraser River at Fort Langley and Yale, and up-river fish were captured from the Thompson River at the Canyon and at Ashcroft and from Seton Creek near Lillooet, British Columbia. The critical swimming speeds of males and females in various stages of maturation were compared. In general, the up-river fish were stronger swimmers than the lower river fish. Gravid fish were stronger swimmers than spawning fish, which in turn were stronger swimmers than fish which were spawned out. Standardized critical swimming speeds ranged from a mean of 1.73 ± 0.35 (SE) body lengths/s for spawned females up to 3.39 ± 0.48 lengths/s for up-river gravid males.

Fertilization of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Ova by Spermatozoa from Gonadotropin-Injected Juveniles

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
James D. Funk ◽  
F. C. Withler ◽  
R. B. Morley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Two Stages

Sexual maturation in male pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from Jones Creek, a tributary of the Fraser River, British Columbia, was accelerated by intraperitoneal injections of partially purified chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) gonadotropin. The treated pinks produced milt 1 year earlier than normal. Milt from these fish was compared with milt from wild Lower Babine River pinks with respect to its ability to fertilize the ova of Lower Babine River females. There were no marked differences in proportions of ova fertilized, in survival to hatching, or in numbers of deformed larvae. Densities of sperm in the milt from treated males ranged from 0.15 × 109 to 7.35 × 109 per ml; sperm densities in the milt from wild males ranged from 19.3 × 109 to 38.6 × 109 per ml. Two stages in testicular development were identified among the treated males and found to be directly related to the success of fertilization. The significance of induced early maturation in attempts to establish pink runs in the "off" year rivers is discussed.

Energetic costs of migration through the Fraser River Canyon, British Columbia, in adult pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) salmon as assessed by EMG telemetry

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1809-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M Standen ◽  
Scott G Hinch ◽  
Michael C Healey ◽  
Anthony P Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Lower Velocity

Adult Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) depend on energy reserves to complete their upriver spawning migration. Little is known about how flow patterns and bank characteristics affect energetics or how species differ in reach-specific energy use. In 1999, electromyogram (EMG) radiotelemetry was used to describe activity levels and estimate energy use of 12 adult pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) during their upstream migration in a 7-km section of the Fraser River Canyon. Data collected previously on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the same study area provided a species comparison. We could not identify any strong differences in energetics between species. Although sex had some influence, reach characteristics were the primary factors affecting migration activity and energetics. Fish increased their activity levels when they migrated through reaches constricted by islands or gravel bars compared with nonconstricted reaches. The former contained higher velocity currents and more complex hydraulic conditions than the latter. Two behavioural responses, with similar energetic consequences, occurred in constricted reaches. Either fish swam slowly and took more time, presumably searching for lower velocity areas for migration thus increasing passage time, or they swam quickly through higher velocity flow fields.

Comparisons of the Index of Return for Several Stocks of British Columbia Salmon to Study Variations in Survival

1958 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Inshore Waters

The "index of return" (ratio of offspring catch to parent catch) was used to compare annual survival among several stocks of British Columbia salmon. Over a period of almost 30 years the major stocks of pink salmon in the Province, excepting those of the Fraser River, exhibited quite similar annual variations in survival. The Fraser River stock behaved somewhat independently of the other stocks. There are indications that among pink salmon early ocean survival, probably during residence in estuarial and inshore waters, has played a major role in determining the level of final ocean survival. Among pink and sockeye salmon that entered the sea in the same year there is some similarity in early ocean survival. The latter relationship, if confirmed, may become useful for predicting sockeye ocean survival one or two years before the adult fish return.

Competition between juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and its effect on growth and survival

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
The Mean

Pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) fry have the potential for significant interactions in estuarine and nearshore waters of the Fraser River. Potential competitive effects were investigated by rearing both species for 60 d from fry emergence in monoculture and five duoculture environments (0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 100% pink salmon, and 100, 90, 75, 50, 25, 10, and 0% chum salmon, respectively), with the total number of fish in each environment constant. As the relative abundance of chum salmon increased, the mean weight of both pink and chum salmon declined, and reduced phenotypic variation in weight was observed. No marked trends in survival were observed in either species, but there was some indication that pink salmon survival was higher at intermediate relative densities of pink and chum salmon. Pink salmon biomass increased from 0.8 to 1.8%/d depending on the environment, and chum salmon biomass increased from 3.2 to 3.8%/d.

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