Crowded Health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O’Toole ◽  
Dr Stephen Luke ◽  
Travis Semmens ◽  
Dr Jason Brown ◽  
Andrew Tatrai
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Early Decision

Crowds carry real health risks. By definition, crowds bring large numbers of people in to close proximity and confined spaces. The risk of injury is real, due to accident, crush or malice and the medical risk of disease transmission and demographic-specific presentations must also be considered. Selecting health service providers is a key early decision. Consulting with local ambulance and health services to build relationships and to seek advice on local providers, legislative requirements and existing health system capacity is time well spent. It is critical that the provider(s) chosen have the skills, resources and experience to service the event and predictable escalation. Pre-hospital health service provision is a niche industry and is variably regulated. The accumulation of clinical, command and logistical experience takes many years and is a truly heuristic process. A tiered service delivery model, discussed further below, should be adopted with centralized call-taking and management of resources. Finalizing the size, scope and cost of this model can be a time-consuming and stressful process. This will be informed by the health risk assessment, with mitigation strategies according to ALARP principles, although high consequence outcomes (long tail risks) like cardiac arrest and major trauma will require additional resources.

scholarly journals Modelling Excess Mortality in Covid-19-Like Epidemics

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Zdzislaw Burda
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Infectious Period ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Epidemic Spreading ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Local Modes ◽  
Hybrid Strategy ◽  
The Usa

We develop an agent-based model to assess the cumulative number of deaths during hypothetical Covid-19-like epidemics for various non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies. The model simulates three interrelated stochastic processes: epidemic spreading, availability of respiratory ventilators and changes in death statistics. We consider local and non-local modes of disease transmission. The first simulates transmission through social contacts in the vicinity of the place of residence while the second through social contacts in public places: schools, hospitals, airports, etc., where many people meet, who live in remote geographic locations. Epidemic spreading is modelled as a discrete-time stochastic process on random geometric networks. We use the Monte–Carlo method in the simulations. The following assumptions are made. The basic reproduction number is R0=2.5 and the infectious period lasts approximately ten days. Infections lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome in about one percent of cases, which are likely to lead to respiratory default and death, unless the patient receives an appropriate medical treatment. The healthcare system capacity is simulated by the availability of respiratory ventilators or intensive care beds. Some parameters of the model, like mortality rates or the number of respiratory ventilators per 100,000 inhabitants, are chosen to simulate the real values for the USA and Poland. In the simulations we compare ‘do-nothing’ strategy with mitigation strategies based on social distancing and reducing social mixing. We study epidemics in the pre-vacine era, where immunity is obtained only by infection. The model applies only to epidemics for which reinfections are rare and can be neglected. The results of the simulations show that strategies that slow the development of an epidemic too much in the early stages do not significantly reduce the overall number of deaths in the long term, but increase the duration of the epidemic. In particular, a hybrid strategy where lockdown is held for some time and is then completely released, is inefficient.

scholarly journals KESIAPAN KAMPUS UNTUK KEGIATAN PERKULIAHAN YANG BERADAPTASI DALAM ERA NEW NORMAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Edward S. Sudharsono ◽  
Paulus Bawole
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Title: Campus Readiness Toward Lecture Activities in the New Normal Era The Covid-19 pandemic, which has been going on for so long, is not yet known when it will end. Under these conditions, all activities that involve large numbers of people need to seek prevention against the risk of disease transmission. Lecture activities that are usually carried out face-to-face (offline) are currently conducted online. However, at certain times the lecture activities must be done offline. At the Department of Architecture – Duta Wacana Christain University (UKDW), some of the offline lecture activities are carried out in the studio room. Although not every day, this activity still has a chance for disease transmission. For this reason, offline lectures at UKDW need to be reviewed so that all activities that take place on campus can prevent disease transmission as much as possible. Regulation of the Minister of Health regarding health protocols and other related regulations are used to identify the readiness of lecture rooms, especially studio rooms in which the lecture activities in the Architecture Department - UKDW are carried out. The problem that happens is the risk of transmission due to the level of readiness of the studio room and the layout of the furniture in fulfilling the standard health protocol. This study applies a descriptive - qualitative method with data taken from observation and interviews. The results of the examination of the studio rooms show that the studio rooms still need to be adapted to standard health protocols and other applicable regulations.

Health service providers in psychology: Results of the 1978 APA Human Resources Survey.

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. VandenBos ◽  
Joy Stapp ◽  
Richard R. Kilburg
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Health Service Providers

2015 APA Survey of Psychology Health Service Providers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auntre Hamp ◽  
Karen Stamm ◽  
Luona Lin ◽  
Peggy Christidis
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Health Service Providers

School Settings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa K. Holt ◽  
Jennifer Greif Green ◽  
Javier Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Community Mental Health Service ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Mental Health Service Provision

Schools are a primary setting for mental health service provision to youth and are also main sources of referral to community mental health service providers. This chapter examines the school context and its key role in the child and adolescent mental health services system. The chapter first provides information about the association of emotional and behavioral disorders with school experiences, including academic performance. Next, the chapter presents a framework for mental health service provision and assessment in schools, including describing methods for identifying students who might need mental health services and tracking their progress. Further, several evidence-based interventions are highlighted as examples of effective practices in schools. The chapter concludes with recommendations for clinical practice in school settings.

scholarly journals Livestock movement informs the risk of disease spread in traditional production systems in East Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divine Ekwem ◽  
Thomas A. Morrison ◽  
Richard Reeve ◽  
Jessica Enright ◽  
Joram Buza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Risk Of Disease

AbstractIn Africa, livestock are important to local and national economies, but their productivity is constrained by infectious diseases. Comprehensive information on livestock movements and contacts is required to devise appropriate disease control strategies; yet, understanding contact risk in systems where herds mix extensively, and where different pathogens can be transmitted at different spatial and temporal scales, remains a major challenge. We deployed Global Positioning System collars on cattle in 52 herds in a traditional agropastoral system in western Serengeti, Tanzania, to understand fine-scale movements and between-herd contacts, and to identify locations of greatest interaction between herds. We examined contact across spatiotemporal scales relevant to different disease transmission scenarios. Daily cattle movements increased with herd size and rainfall. Generally, contact between herds was greatest away from households, during periods with low rainfall and in locations close to dipping points. We demonstrate how movements and contacts affect the risk of disease spread. For example, transmission risk is relatively sensitive to the survival time of different pathogens in the environment, and less sensitive to transmission distance, at least over the range of the spatiotemporal definitions of contacts that we explored. We identify times and locations of greatest disease transmission potential and that could be targeted through tailored control strategies.

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