Study of intraocular pressure among individuals working on computer screens for long hours

In today’s world computers are ubiquitous and found in different forms which can effect intraocular pressure (IOP). Present study was undertaken to find out effect of day-to-day exposure to computer screen on IOP in normal individuals. 70 individuals (who met the screening conditions and devoid of obvious ocular pathology and systemic diseases) had their IOP’s checked before and 4 hour after computer session on same day, all working in general day shift, involving reading English printed material. The results showed significant (p<0.005) increase with IOP values before exposure being 17.89±3.25 and 16.99±2.84 and after exposure being 19.67±3.4 and 18.70±2.4 in left and right eye respectively. Increase in IOP was noted in 70% and 67% individuals in left and right eye. Differences in IOP of right and left eye may be due to dominance of eye or direction of script from left to right.

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Comparison of the Effects of Intravenous Papaverine Hydrochloride and Oral Pavabid HP Capsulets on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Normal Individuals

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1983.70 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 442-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lawrence C. McHenry ◽

David A. Stump ◽

George Howard ◽

Thomas T. Novack ◽

Don H. Bivins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Normal Male ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Left And Right ◽

Male Subjects ◽

Papaverine Hydrochloride

A single-blind study was conducted in 13 right-handed normal male subjects to compare the effects of oral and i.v. papaverine on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Six xenon-133 inhalation rCBF measurements were performed on each subject; three tests—baseline, placebo, and drug evaluations—were carried out on each of two separate days. The oral and i.v. drugs were randomized for first-day administration. rCBF, measured as flow gray (FG), increased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) from baseline with both drug forms. Increases of 10.53% and 13.94% (left and right hemispheres, respectively) were demonstrated 90 min after a single 600-mg dose of oral papaverine. Increases of 5.09% and 8.69%, respectively, were recorded immediately after a single 100-mg dose of i. v. papaverine. FG also increased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) for both drug forms when compared to that of placebo. Placebo produced only a slight increase (not significant) with both the oral and i.v. groups. The data show that both oral and i.v. papaverine are equally effective in increasing rCBF in normal subjects.

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INFANTILE SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.15.6.676 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 676-682

Author(s):

Meyer A. Perlstein ◽

Philip N. Hood

Keyword(s):

Close Agreement ◽

Mental Deficiency ◽

Consecutive Series ◽

Selective Population ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Spastic Hemiplegia ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Mean ◽

Mental Defectives

From this study the following conclusions emerge regarding the relation of intelligence of infantile spastic hemiplegics to various factors. The spastic hemiplegics of the present series were retarded approximately 20 I.Q. points below normal individuals. The mean I.Q. scores and the incidence of mental retardation were in close agreement with several early reports. The marked difference from the recent reports of Hohman and others reporting consecutive series of cerebral palsied patients is attributed to the fact that the present study is based upon a selective population. Left and right hemiplegics did not differ significantly either in mean I.Q. scores or in the incidence of mental deficiency. Male and female hemiplegics did not differ significantly, either in mean I.Q. scores or in the incidence of mental deficiency. The mean I.Q. scores of the congenital and acquired cases did not differ significantly nor was there a greater incidence of mental deficiency in either of the 2 groups. Mental deficiency was significantly related to the presence of convulsions in this series of spastic hemiplegics; the mean I.Q. score of the convulsives was significantly lower than that for the nonconvulsives by 12 I.Q. points. There was a significantly greater number of mental defectives below the age of 6 than above that age, although the mean I.Q. scores did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. When the subjects were grouped into age levels of 1-year intervals, there was no greater incidence of mental deficiency nor did the mean I.Q. scores differ significantly at any year level. The infectious and traumatic groups of acquired etiologies showed no significant difference in mean I.Q. scores. The toxemia of pregnancy group showed approximately the same incidence of mental deficiency and the same mean I.Q. score as the group composed of all other congenital etiologies of spastic hemiplegia.

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The Hand and the Eye

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1016/s0266-7681(97)80389-0 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 293-298

Author(s):

S. L. FILAN ◽

K. M. RUMBALL ◽

M. A. TONKIN

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Ocular Disease ◽

Systemic Diseases ◽

Functional Deficits ◽

Loss Of Vision ◽

Ocular Pathology ◽

Systemic Disorder ◽

Eye Recognition ◽

Early Detection And Prevention

A variety of systemic diseases may affect both the hand and eye, leading to profound sensory and functional deficits. The aetiology of some of the most common conditions is reviewed, with an explanation of their manifestations in the hand and eye. Recognition of the association between a hand condition and ocular pathology may aid in diagnosis of a systemic disorder or allow early detection and prevention of ocular disease and loss of vision.

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Diurnal variations in intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, and macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in diabetics and normal individuals

Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research ◽

10.4103/2008-322x.180708 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Farideh Sharifipour ◽

Fereidoun Farrahi ◽

Alireza Moghaddasi ◽

Aida Idani ◽

Mehdi Yaseri

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Nerve Fiber ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽

Central Corneal Thickness ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Diurnal Variations ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness ◽

Normal Individuals

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Comparison of the Activity of Left and Right Masseter Muscles of Normal Individuals and Patients with Mandibular Dysfunction During Experimental Stress

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345710500053901 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 1320-1323 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

R. Yemm

Keyword(s):

Experimental Stress ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Left And Right ◽

Masseter Muscles

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Increased Intraocular Pressure in Glaucomatous, Ocular Hypertensive, and Normotensive Space Shuttle Crew

Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance ◽

10.3357/amhp.5455.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 92 (9) ◽

pp. 728-733

Author(s):

Sawan R. Dalal ◽

Vignesh Ramachandran ◽

Radina Khalid ◽

F. Keith Manuel ◽

Julianne R. Knowles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Ocular Hypertension ◽

Space Shuttle ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Subjective Symptoms ◽

Ocular Pathology ◽

Normotensive Control

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT) are prevalent diseases with baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations that future astronauts and spaceflight participants may suffer from. Preflight, in-flight, and postflight IOP measurements were collected aboard two U.S. Space Shuttle Program missions in normotensive control, OHT, and glaucomatous crewmembers. METHODS: Five subjects (three controls, one glaucomatous, one OHT) were studied aboard 2-wk Space Shuttle missions. Baseline IOP (triplicate; handheld tonometry) was recorded during training 12 mo preflight, in flight (114 d), and postflight (329 d). Subjective symptoms were recorded via questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a spreadsheet with two-sample t-tests. P-value < 0.05 determined significance. RESULTS: IOP increased for all in-flight vs. preflight measurements for controls (N 3, 48.9, 16.9, 5.85), OHT (N 1, 20.3), and glaucomatous (N 1, 32.2) groups. IOP eventually returned to baseline postflight [Return (R)35 d], except for the astronaut with OHT (R917). Subjective symptoms, likely multifactorial, included blurredvision, decreased visual acuity, and headaches. DISCUSSION: IOP increased during spaceflight and normalized upon return. Astronauts and commercial spaceflight participants may need screening for elevated IOP to potentially prevent sequelae related to glaucoma and OHT, the former which requires treatment in flight and the latter which may need prophylaxis. Previous studies have shown elevated IOP upon entry into microgravity with various normalization timeframes in flight and postflight. It is unclear how increased IOP relates to spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS); however, several hypotheses exist. Treatment strategies should be available for acute and chronic ocular pathology during spaceflight despite the unique challenges of eye-drop application in microgravity. Dalal SR, Ramachandran V, Khalid R, Manuel FK, Knowles JR, Jones JA. Increased intraocular pressure in glaucomatous, ocular hypertensive, and normotensive space shuttle crew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(9):728733.

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Handedness and Career Choice: Another Look at Supposed Left/Right Differences

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1983.57.2.391 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 391-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Joyce Shettel-Neuber ◽

Joseph O'Reilly

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Dominance ◽

Faculty Members ◽

Academic Disciplines ◽

Hand Position ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

University Of Arizona ◽

Left And Right ◽

The University ◽

The Impact ◽

Methodological Difficulties

Numerous studies have considered the possibility of consistent differences in the percentages of left- and right-handers in verbal and visuospatial career fields and academic disciplines. Conflicting results have supported hypotheses suggesting more left-handers in visuospatial fields, fewer left-handers in visuospatial fields, and no differences between the percentages of left- and right-handers in visuospatial and verbal fields. The present study sought to examine further the possibility of differential distributions of left-and right-handers in verbal and visuospatial fields by considering hand preferences of 109 faculty members in the architecture college, art department, law college, and psychology department at The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. No significant differences were found in reported handedness, hand position in writing, or familial handedness for the verbal and visuospatial groups. Results were discussed in relationship to methodological difficulties of previous studies and the overemphasis of the impact of cerebral dominance on functioning in normal individuals.

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Duplex-Derived Maximum Venous Outflow Velocity (MVOV) of the Common Femoral Veins is Asymmetric in Normal Women

Journal for Vascular Ultrasound ◽

10.1177/154431670903300102 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 13-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael Lebow ◽

James Edmondson ◽

Khanjan Nagarsheth ◽

David Cassada ◽

Kate Currie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Doppler Ultrasound ◽

Lower Extremities ◽

Iliac Vein ◽

Venous Outflow ◽

Outflow Velocity ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Common ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Background It is generally accepted that a significant portion of our population harbors asymptomatic compression of the left iliac vein by the right iliac artery. This was demonstrated originally in autopsy studies by McMurrich in 1908 (33% of 107 cadavers) and more recently by the analysis of Contrast CT scans 1 (66% of 50 patients). Authors have found that Venography may lack the sensitivity to be considered a true “gold standard” (66% sensitive) while IVUS is over 90% sensitive 2. No studies have addressed the physiologic difference in flow hemodynamics between the left and right lower extremities in normal individuals. We use Doppler ultrasound to demonstrate asymmetric flow in the lower extremities of normal individuals. Methods Maximum venous outflow velocity (MVOV) in the Common femoral veins were recorded using Doppler ultrasound on 30 volunteers. Inclusion criteria included age 18–30, BMI <30, female sex and no history of venous disease or leg swelling. All studies were preformed by the same experienced vascular technologist. Volunteers were instructed to lay supine while a blood pressure cuff was inflated to 100 mmhg around the mid-thigh. Presence of arterial flow was confirmed with color duplex after cuff inflation. Prior to rapid cuff release at 1 minute patients were instructed to exhale and hold their breath to augment venous outflow. Flow velocities in the left and right common femoral veins were recorded. Results The average age was 20.9 years (range 19–28 years) and the average BMI was 21.9 (range, 18–25). MVOV was slower on the left side in 22, slower on the right in 7 and equal in one volunteer. The mean right MVOV was 117.23 cm/sec, SD 46.95 and the mean left MVOV was 95.44 cm/sec, SD 32.94 ( P = 0.0095). There was no correlation between left and right MVOV with respect to age, BMI or height. Conclusions Significant differences in lower extremity venous flow are present in normal individuals at rest. This finding correlates with anatomic studies demonstrating a predilection towards narrowing of the left iliac vein in normal subjects. This simple, non-invasive method of quantifying venous hemodynamics may aid in selecting patients for further diagnostic testing or intervention.

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Asymmetrical Effects of Adaptation to Left- and Right-Shifting Prisms Depends on Pre-existing Attentional Biases

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617710000597 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 795-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

KELLY M. GOEDERT ◽

ANDREW LEBLANC ◽

SEN-WEI TSAI ◽

ANNA M. BARRETT

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Potential Problem ◽

A Priori ◽

Line Bisection ◽

Attentional Biases ◽

Leftward Bias ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Left And Right ◽

Larger Sample

AbstractProposals that adaptation with left-shifting prisms induces neglect-like symptoms in normal individuals rely on a dissociation between the postadaptation performance of individuals trained with left- versus right-shifting prisms (e.g., Colent, Pisella, & Rossetti, 2000). A potential problem with this evidence is that normal young adults have an a priori leftward bias (e.g., Jewell & McCourt, 2000). In Experiment 1, we compared the line bisection performance of young adults to that of aged adults, who as a group may lack a leftward bias in line bisection. Participants trained with both left- and right-shifting prisms. Consistent with our hypothesis, while young adults demonstrated aftereffects for left, but not right prisms, aged adults demonstrated reliable aftereffects for both prisms. In Experiment 2, we recruited a larger sample of young adults, some of whom were right-biased at baseline. We observed an interaction between baseline bias and prism-shift, consistent with the results of Experiment 1: Left-biased individuals showed a reduced aftereffect when training with right-shifting prisms and right-biased individuals showed a reduced aftereffect when training with left-shifting prisms. These results suggest that previous failures to find generalizable aftereffects with right-shifting prisms may be driven by participants’ baseline biases rather than specific effects of the prism itself. (JINS, 2010, 16, 795–804.)

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