scholarly journals The role of nitrogen oxides in the presence of sulfur dioxide in the dynamics of the carbon dioxide absorption ofchlorophyll - producing microalgae

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
V. V. Dyachok ◽  
◽  
S. Т. Mandryk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
The Individual

The effect of nitrogen oxides in the presence of sulfur oxide on the absorption of carbon dioxide by chlorophyll – producing microalgae Chlorella was investigated. Experimental dependences of the dynamics of CO2 uptake by microalgae in the presence of NxOy alone and at the critical concentration of the SO2 photosynthesis inhibitor in the presence of NxOy are presented. A mathematical description of the dynamics of CO2 uptake by chlorophyll – producing microalgae Chlorella is presented, depending on the concentration of the individual action of nitrogen oxides and the simultaneous action of nitrogens oxides and sulfur dioxide. Based on the solution of the mathematical model and the experimental data obtained, the optimal value of the NxOy concentration and the total NxOy concentration in the presence of the SO2 inhibitor were calculated. The optimal concentration of the NxOy activator was determined to inactivate the damaging effect of the SO2 inhibitor and to restore the complete process of absorption of carbon dioxide (photosynthesis) by chlorophyll – producing microalgae Chlorella. Summarizing the results of experimental studies, we can assume that nitrogen oxides act as an activator of the process of photosynthesis.

scholarly journals ІНГІБІТОРИ ТА АКТИВАТОРИ ПРОЦЕСУ ПОГЛИНАННЯ ВУГЛЕКИСЛОГО ГАЗУ ХЛОРОФІЛСИНТЕЗУЮЧИМИ МІКРОВОДОРОСТЯМИ

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Василь Володимирович Дячок ◽  
Вікторія Катишева ◽  
Сергій Іванович Гуглич ◽  
Сергій Мандрик
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Substrate Complex ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Biological Methods

Відходи сучасних виробництв становлять серйозну загрозу для навколишнього середовища, що спонукає до розробки новітніх методів їх утилізації.  Вміст вуглекислого газу в атмосфері вже давно є предметом обговорення на політичному рівні держав світу, лідери яких з року в рік шукають шляхи зменшення шкідливих викидів  в атмосферу. В цьому випадку застосування біологічних методів є об’єктивною умовою для використання фотосинтетичних властивостей  мікроводоростей. Використання мікроводоростей в процесах очищення промислових газових викидів  має суттєві переваги завдяки здатності поглинати в десятки разів більшу кількість вуглекислого газу в порівнянні з наземними рослинами та здатності адаптуватися до несприятливих умовах: низькі температури середовища та освітленість, лужно-кислотний баланс, вплив інгібіторів і т. д. За рахунок дослідження цих факторів можна отримати більш глибоке розуміння біологічних методів знешкодження забрудників, та процесів що відбуваються у досліджуваних  об’єктах.У продуктах спалювання палива завжди міститься велика кількість оксидів, найбільш небезпечними є діоксид сульфуру та оксиди азоту. Тому вивчення впливу їх на процес фотосинтезу хлорофіл синтезуючими мікроводоростями є важливим. Результати експериментальних досліджень процесу поглинання вуглекислого газу із промислових газових викидів хлорофілсинтезуючими мікроводоростями типу Chlorella засвідчують про вплив діоксиду сульфуру та оксидів азоту на динаміку поглинання. Доведено зворотнє неконкурентне інгібіювання  фермент-субстратного комплексу клітини мікроводорості діоксином сульфуру відповідно до теорії Лайнуівера-Берка та активування оксидами нітрогену. Встановлені допустимі значення концентрацій інгібітора, діоксиду сульфуру, в процесі поглинання вуглекислого газу хлорофілсинтезуючими мікроводоростями. Визначено константу нестійкості комплексу ферменту та ферментсубстратного комплексу з інгібітором.  Встановлено  значення оптимальної концентрації оксидів нітрогену, як активатора  приросту мікровдоростей типу Chlorella. The waste of modern production poses a serious threat to the environment, which prompts development of modern methods of their utilization. The content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been the subject of discussion at the political level of the states of the world, whose leaders are looking for ways to reduce harmful emissions to the atmosphere from year to year. In this case, the use of biological methods are objective conditions for the use photosynthetic properties of microalgae. The use of microalgae in the process of purifying industrial gas emissions has significant advantages due to the ability to absorb dozens of times more carbon dioxide than terrestrial plants and adapt to adverse conditions: low temperatures and illumination, alkaline-acid balance, the effect of inhibitors, etc.  Through the study of these factors can gain a deeper understanding of biological methods of neutralizing pollutants  and the processes occurring  in the investigated objects.The products of combustion of fuel always contain a large number of oxides, the most dangerous are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Therefore, the study of their influence on the process of photosynthesis by chlorophyllsynthesizing microalgae is important.  The results of experimental studies on the process of carbon dioxide absorption from industrial gas emissions by chlorophyllsynthesizing Chlorella microalgae demonstrate the influence of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides on the absorption dynamics. The phenomenon of sulfur dioxide inhibition and activation by nitrogen oxides of the process of photosynthesis is established.  Reverse noncompetitive inhibition of the microalgae cell-enzyme-substrate complex with dioxin sulfur was proved in accordance with the Linouiver-Burke theory and the activation by nitrogen oxides is proved. The permissible values of the inhibitor concentrations in the process of carbon dioxide absorption by chlorophyllsyntheszing microalgae is established. The instability constant of the enzyme complex and the enzyme substrate complex with the inhibitor is determined. The value of optimal concentration of nitrogen  dioxide as an  activator of the growth of the Chlorella  microalgae is established.

Determination of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide in emissions from electric utility plants by alkaline permanganate sampling and ion chromatography

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1586-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Margeson ◽  
Joseph E. Knoll ◽  
M. Rodney. Midgett ◽  
Guy B. Oldaker ◽  
Wayne E. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Alkaline Permanganate

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF CARBON DIOXIDE INTAKE INTO THE ROOM FROM A PERSON ENGAGED IN MENTAL WORK

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Валерьевич Лобанов ◽  
Игорь Иванович Звенигородский ◽  
Александр Александрович Мерщиев ◽  
Роман Александрович Шепс
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Умственный труд достаточно разнообразен и характеризуется различной степенью ответственности, монотонности, внимания, уровнем эмоционального напряжения. Для обеспечения комфортных условий пребывания человека на постоянном рабочем месте, необходимо в том числе организовывать системы климатизации. Наиболее перспективными для указанной деятельности, являются персональные системы вентиляции, обеспечивающие качественную воздушную среду в зоне дыхания человека при одновременном снижении капитальных и эксплуатационных затрат по сравнению с традиционными видами систем вентиляции (смешивающая, вытесняющая вентиляция). Однако, при проектировании таких систем следует ориентироваться не на «среднего условного человека», а учитывать индивидуальные особенности работника (возраст, пол и др.), выполняющего конкретный вид умственной деятельности. С целью уточнения фактической величины углекислого газа, выделяемого человеком при определенной умственной работе, проведены натурные экспериментальные исследования, результатом которых является подтверждение характера и динамики изменения углекислого газа в помещении при отсутствии (бездействии) вентиляционных систем (линейная зависимость), а также уточнение величины выделяющейся двуокиси углерода при конкретном виде умственной деятельности (исследовался труд инженера-проектировщика). Intellectual work is quite diverse and is characterized by different degrees of responsibility, monotony, attention, the level of emotional tension. In order to ensure comfortable conditions for a person staying at a permanent workplace among other things it is necessary to arrange climate control systems. The most promising ventilation systems for the above activities are personal ones that provide high-quality air environment in the breathing zone of a person while reducing capital and operating costs compared with traditional types of ventilation systems (mixing, displacement ventilation). However, the design of such systems should be guided not by the "average conditional person" but by the individual characteristics of the worker (age, gender, etc.) performing a particular type of mental activity. In order to clarify the actual value of carbon dioxide emitted by a person doing a particular mental work, we conducted a series of field experimental studies. They resulted in confirmation of the nature and dynamics of changes in carbon dioxide in the room in the absence (inactivity) of ventilation systems (linear dependence). As well we clarified the value of emitted carbon dioxide at a particular type of mental activity (in this article we studied the work of an engineer-designer).

A Cost Effective Advanced Emissions Monitoring Solution for Gas Turbines: Statistical Hybrid Predictive System That Accurately Measures Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Hydrocarbon and Carbon Dioxide Mass Emission Rates

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Specification

U.S. Federal regulations under Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments promulgated in 1990 require continuous monitoring of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide emissions from large gas turbines. Local, regional, or State authorities may mandate continuous monitoring for carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and other specific pollutant parameters. U.S. regulations that require continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) also allow for the use of predictive approaches as an alternative providing the installed predictive emissions monitoring system (PEMS) meets rigorous performance specification criteria and the site performs ongoing quality assurance tasks such as periodic audits with portable analyzers and annual accuracy testing. A statistical hybrid predictive emission monitoring system (PEMS) has been deployed at numerous sites in the United States to meet EPA requirements for continuous monitoring of gas turbine pollutant emissions. This paper discusses specific implementations of a unique cost-effective statistical hybrid PEMS on various classes of gas turbines ranging in size from 60kW to 180 MW, both gas-fired and liquid-fired units, in simple cycle and combined cycle mode of operation. The turbines were equipped with a variety of NOx control strategies including dry low NOx, steam and water injection, solid post-combustion catalyst, SoLoNOx™, and selective catalytic reduction. In each instance the predictive engine operated on training data of at least three days and up to ninety days as required to develop a robust empirical model of the emissions. Each model was subsequently evaluated using standard U.S. EPA performance specification test methods. The results of PEMS performance testing on these gas turbines are presented along with additional information regarding the quality assurance and quality control procedures put in place and the costs to support the ongoing operation of the deployed compliance statistical hybrid PEMS.

scholarly journals The Influence of Harmful Substances on the Pigments of Leaves of Decorative Trees

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Halmatov Musliddin Muhammatovich ◽  
Ismoilxodjayev Bokhodixodja Sharibxodjae ◽  
Sulaymonov Sharifjon Аbdumanabovich ◽  
Latibov Shohruhbek Mahamatyusup
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Main Streets ◽  
Selection Of

Republic of Uzbekistan the composition of the atmospheric air on the main streets, the level of traffic on these streets, the selection of resistant species of phenol trees for growing ornamental trees, and the laws of changing the amount of pigments in these trees depending on the streets and season. At the same time, the types of ornamental trees and their resistance to pollution from the pollution of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide are mainly represented by atmospheric air pollution.

scholarly journals IMPROVED CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE BY NANOFLUIDS CONTAINING INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES AND BINDING ORGANIC LIQUID

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 688-705
Author(s):  
Safa Waleed SHAKIR ◽  
Ahmed Daham WIHEEB ◽  
Zainab abdulmajeed KHALAF ◽  
Mohd Roslee OTHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Desorption Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
The Impact

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture has been the most crucial research issue due to the dangerous impact of carbon dioxide emissions on global warming and climate change. In recent decades, a new absorption technology has been used to get rid of carbon dioxide. This procedure is getting tremendous attention being applied to improve CO2 uptake by using nanofluids. However, other studies are needed to enhance the nanofluid absorption/desorption rate and decrease the requirements of energy through the desorption process. This research aimed to study the influence of addition nanoparticles by determining the enhancement factor of the absorption/desorption rate of carbon dioxide. All nanofluids used in this study prepared by adding nanoparticles with ultrasound treatment without surfactants. The influence of adding nanoparticles to the binding organic liquids (BOL) of monoethanolamine (MEA) and ethanol on the absorption/desorption of CO2 was studied experimentally in a stirring reactor. The nanoparticles of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SiO2 were selected, which showed different properties for the investigation. The effect of volume percentage of nanoparticles, type of nanoparticles, and stirring speed on the rate of CO2 absorption and the impact of volume percentage of nanoparticles and type of nanoparticles on the CO2 desorption rate were studied. It has been found that nanoparticles suspended in BOL are a good absorbent in the current MEA infrastructure due to their less corrosive nature and lower energy requirements for regeneration than the current MEA. In this work, carbon dioxide absorption was improved by 11% and carbon dioxide absorption increased by 8.5% from BOL alone. The alumina nanofluid at a concentration of 0.05 absorbed the highest carbon dioxide by 0.061 g/s. In contrast, the iron oxide nano particles at a concentration of 0.01 volume% absorbed the most elevated carbon dioxide of 0.0077 g/s.

scholarly journals Air Pollutant Plays Lesser Role in Climate Change Than Expected

Eos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Joel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption

Satellite data indicate that pollution control efforts that curbed levels of sulfur dioxide gas did not cause a major decrease in carbon dioxide absorption by plants.

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