scholarly journals Analytical and numerical methods for calculation the deep of penetration the welding seam formed by the electron beam generated by glow discarge electron guns

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
I. Melnyk ◽  
◽  
S. Tuhai ◽  
V. Kyryk ◽  
D. Kovalchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Discharge Chamber ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Welding Seam ◽  
Non Linear Equation ◽  
Electron Guns ◽  
Welding Joints

The article is devoted to the problem of defining the focal diameter of electron beam, formed by the glow discharge electron guns, as well as the necessary pressure in the gun chamber for realising the welding process. Taking into account, that glow discharge electron guns are widely used in industry for welding of different metals, and that for providing the high quality of welding joints estimation of energetic parameters in beam focus is very important, proposed methods are very important for effective elaboration and designing of the novel glow discharge electron guns constructions for specific technological operations. With known focal beam deameter and thermodinamic parameters of welding details material the deep of penetration of welding seam, as well as the necessary pressure in discharge chamber have been estimatied. Two proposed methods are generally based on the analytical solving of explite equation and on numeracal solving of sophisticated non-linear equation. Obtained simulation results with and without taking into account the spsace charge of own beam electrons are also given

scholarly journals Methods and algorithm for calculating the focal parameters of a hollow conical electron beam in high-voltage glow discharge electron guns with a focusing magnetic lens

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Igor Melnyk ◽  
Sergey Tugay ◽  
Volodymyr Kyryk ◽  
Iryna Shved
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Glow Discharge ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Discrete Mathematics ◽  
Drift Region ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Electron Guns ◽  
Focal Parameters ◽  
Focal Ring

The algorithm is considered for calculating the focal distance of a hollow conical electron beam generated by high-voltage glow discharge electron guns with magnetic focusing of the beam in the drift region, as well as a method for calculating the diameter of the focal ring and its thickness for such a beam. The proposed algorithm is based on the theory of electron drift in the field of a focusing magnetic lens and is designed using the methods of discrete mathematics and the minimax analysis. The obtained simulation results made it possible to establish the influence of the magnetic lens current on the focal diameter of a hollow conical electron beam and on its focal ring thickness. It is shown that the change in the focal parameters of a hollow conical electron beam can be effectively provided through the regulation of the magnetic lens current.

Study on Welding Process of Clutch Wheel-Hub Weldment Using Vacuum Electron Beam Welding

2012 ◽  
Vol 190-191 ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
De Quan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Welding Seam ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Torsional Testing

Abstract. In order to resolve the manufacturing difficult problem of a new kind of clutch wheel-hub weldment of a new type of engineering machinery, and ensure the manufacturing precision and welded joint quality, a new manufacturing process was studied using vacuum electron beam welding (VEBW) for the manufacturing of this component. Static torsional strength was measured on static torsional testing machine. Microstructure morphologies of welding seam and heat affected zone were analyzed using scanning electron microscope. Vickers-hardness values of welding seams and heat affected zones were measured using Vickers-hardness tester. As a result, the welding process and the optimum technological parameters of VEBW of the weldment were obtained.

The Design of Computer Integrated Control System for Electron Beam Welder

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Min Ye ◽  
Xiao Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Control System ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Electron Beam Current ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Computer Communication ◽  
Plc Control

Based on computer and PLC control technology, the control system for electron beam welder has been studied in this paper. By using PLC control technology to implement the intelligent control (IC) in welding process and adopting the high-frequency inverter technology, to realize the high-voltage interlock protection, the quality of electron beam current spot as well as the welding technology has been improved. Concerning the requirements on the technical and process, the design of computer communication and PLC application software demonstrate the feasibility of this method.

Droplet Transfer and Microstructure of Q235 Steel Thick Plate Using CO2 Welding with Additional Longitudinal Magnetic Field Controlling

2010 ◽  
Vol 102-104 ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Qian Luo ◽  
Duan Min Lu ◽  
Jian Luo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Thick Plate ◽  
Longitudinal Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Droplet Transfer ◽  
Welding Seam ◽  
Co2 Welding ◽  
Welding Joints

In this paper, a new welding experiment is studied by applying an additional longitudinal electromagnetic field to CO2 welding process (abbr. LEM-CO2 welding).The characteristics of droplet transfer, macrostructure and microstructure are compared between LEM- CO2 welding and general CO2 welding on Q235 low carbon steel thick plate joint. The research results shows that, an additional longitudinal magnetic field can have a significant effect on properties of the droplet transfer in CO2 welding, the frequency and stability of the droplet transfer in LEM-CO2 welding are improved. The grains of welding seam are refined and welding joints has a higher quality. So the additional longitudinal magnetic field is a very simple and effective method to improve the properties of CO2 welding thick plate joint.

Evaluation of Influence of Thermal Methods of Metal Separation Cutting on Welding Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Tingaev ◽  
M.A. Ivanov ◽  
A.M. Ulanov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Welding Seam

We have investigated a possibility of obtaining high-quality welded joints after oxygen and plasma cutting of steel С355 without removing the heat-affected zone (HAZ), in which the changes in chemical, phase and structural compositions are observed. Numerical and experimental studies of the effect of heat input of MAG and Submerged Arc welding on the quality of welded joints are performed. In particular, it was found that when the heat input of welding is at least 6.5 kJ/cm, the metal of HAZ of the edges after cutting is heated during the welding to temperatures above Ас3, which leads to its full recrystallization. When the heat input of welding is at least 10 kJ/cm, the edges after cutting are completely melted and become a part of the welding seam metal. The presence of extensive areas of melting and recrystallization of the edges in the welding process contributes to obtaining high-quality welded joints without removing the HAZ of the edges after cutting. To verify the results of numerical studies, experimental tests of control welded joints were conducted, which showed that the values of bending angle and impact toughness of the welding seam metal and heat affected zone are significantly above the regulatory requirements to quality of welded joints, and not less than the same requirements for steel С355. The obtained results confirm the possibility of revising domestic regulatory requirements for the steel constructions production in terms of the preparation of edges for welding using technologies of thermal cutting without subsequent machining.

scholarly journals Steel 09G2S laser bonding on flux layer

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Игорь Шиганов ◽  
Igor Shiganov ◽  
Евгений Шамов ◽  
Evgeny Shamov ◽  
Илья Бегунов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Welding Seam ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Laser Bonding ◽  
Welding Joints ◽  
Flux Layer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metal Hardness

A method of laser bonding aimed for the elimination of welding seam form defects is offered. The results of experiments confirming the impact of laser bonding on a flux layer upon the formation of a structure and quality of a welding seam are stated. The measurement results of metal hardness in welding joints obtained by an offered method and also by arc welding and laser bonding are shown. The results of the mechanical tests of welds obtained by laser bonding on a flux layer are pre-sented.

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

A controller for safe, convenient operation of LaB6 emitters on electron-beam instruments

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
W. J. Abramson ◽  
H. W. Estry ◽  
L. F. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Control System ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Electron Guns ◽  
Tungsten Filaments ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Main Components

LaB6 emitters are becoming increasingly popular as direct replacements for tungsten filaments in the electron guns of modern electron-beam instruments. These emitters offer order of magnitude increases in beam brightness, and, with appropriate care in operation, a corresponding increase in source lifetime. They are, however, an order of magnitude more expensive, and may be easily damaged (by improper vacuum conditions and thermal shock) during saturation/desaturation operations. These operations typically require several minutes of an operator's attention, which becomes tedious and subject to error, particularly since the emitter must be cooled during sample exchanges to minimize damage from random vacuum excursions. We have designed a control system for LaBg emitters which relieves the operator of the necessity for manually controlling the emitter power, minimizes the danger of accidental improper operation, and makes the use of these emitters routine on multi-user instruments.Figure 1 is a block schematic of the main components of the control system, and Figure 2 shows the control box.

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