The Geography of Disease Transmission
This chapter discusses various applications of ecological niche modeling in the study of the geography and ecology of disease transmission. Niche modeling approaches have many applications in the field of public health and epidemiology. Among the most common spatial epidemiological applications are mapping geographic patterns of disease transmission risk, identification of risk factors, and assessment of populations at risk of infection. The chapter describes a number of applications of ecological niche modeling in the realm of disease transmission, such as characterizing disease ecology, disease distributions and risk mapping, and potential distributions of pathogens or other individual component species in transmission systems, as well as forecasting disease transmission patterns in the face of ongoing global climate change. It also reviews practical considerations to keep in mind when exploring such applications and outlines some caveats, limitations, and challenges involved. Finally, it suggests future directions for research.