Without God

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Viroli
Keyword(s):  
Civil Religion ◽  
Good Citizen ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Religion

This chapter considers the impact of Jean-Jacques Rousseau on the history of republican religion. Rousseau was well aware that republics need religion to come to life and endure. He notes that great lawgivers had to place the rules of civil life in God's mouth and that only men with great souls can persuade people that they have been inspired by God and hence can establish enduring laws. At the same time, he charges the Christian religion with inculcating in its followers a servile mentality. Inasmuch as both past and present religions are ill suited for founding a civil morality, Rousseau recommends a new religion, to be instituted and preserved through the force of laws, founded not on dogmas but rather on “sentiments of sociability without which it is impossible to be either a good citizen or a loyal subject.” Rousseau's ideas on civil religion had considerable impact not only in France but also in Italy during the “Jacobin years” (1796–1799), when, in the shadow of French armies, republican governments were formed.

Architecture and the Memory of Nazism in Postwar Munich

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavriel D. Roseneld
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
German Politics ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
To Come ◽  
Nazi Past ◽  
The Impact

Few issues have possessed the centrality or sparked as much controversyin the postwar history of the Federal Republic of Germany(FRG) as the struggle to come to terms with the nation’s Nazi past.This struggle, commonly known by the disputed term Vergangenheitsbewältigung,has cast a long shadow upon nearly all dimensions ofGerman political, social, economic, and cultural life and has preventedthe nation from attaining a normalized state of existence inthe postwar period. Recent scholarly analyses of German memoryhave helped to broaden our understanding of how “successful” theGermans have been in mastering their Nazi past and have shed lighton the impact of the Nazi legacy on postwar German politics andculture. Even so, important gaps remain in our understanding ofhow the memory of the Third Reich has shaped the postwar life ofthe Federal Republic.

Paganism to Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England

1960 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Tribal Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Conversion Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Religion ◽  
Christian History

In Anglo-Saxon as in Christian history, many roads lead to Rome. This has been correctly and at times overemphasized in matters ranging from Augustine to Whitby, from numismatics to law, from banners to Bede. Indeed the Roman road has been so broad and so well marked with recorded miliaria that we may have missed the growth-ridden Germanic by-paths which were actually trod by the tribes in England. But surely the impact of culture on cult is as important in history as the reverse, and the terms in which the newly converted Anglo-Saxons interpreted the Christian religion were shaped by the tribal culture, impregnated, as it was, by the heathenism of the old religion. Gregory the Great's famous letter to the Abbot Mellitus, advising that pagan temples in England be used for the worship of the Christian God that the people “ad loca quae consuevit, familiarius concurrat,” and that the sacrificial animals of heathenism be now devoted to Christian festivals, agrees with the responsa of the same pope to Augustine concerning the choosing of local customs best suited to the conditions of the converted. In a way, this study is a scandalous footnote to that wise anthropological advice, with the intention of setting forth some of the similarities of the old and new religion which allowed a syncretic merging. Thus many features of the Conversion period which have been interpreted post eventum as Christian were undoubtedly seen with other—and familiar—overtones by the Woden-sprung rulers and their people.

scholarly journals THE COVID-19 MORATORIUM: A REPRIEVE AND NOT A WAIVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 753-765
Author(s):  
Palak Lohia
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
Credit History ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

In the first MPC meeting held on 27.03.20, Finance Minister of India, Nirmala Sitharaman and the Governor of RBI, Shaktikanta Das announced a moratorium of three months on all loans and credit card instalments due between 1st March and 31st May initially, which was later extended to 31st August, in order to provide relief to the borrowers in the economy, in the current scenario of losses. Loans being on moratorium are supposed to have zero impact on the credit history of the borrower concerned, which means a no default situation. Now, banking sector, which is the backbone of any economy, will have to carry the burden of this year for many more years to come. In this paper, it has been attempted to study the impact of the decision of putting the loans on moratorium on the banking industry of India, adding to the ever existing issue of high NPAs.  

scholarly journals TÃO LONGE DO INFERNO, TÃO PERTO DO CÉU: AMEDRONTAR PARA CONVERTER

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Cristina D. Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Religious Sensibility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jesuit Mission ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

A análise do impacto das concepções cristãs-ocidentais acerca da doença e da morte na sensibilidade indígena guarani e sua tradução, em termos de representações e práticas sociais, nas reduções jesuítico-guaranis, circunscritas à Província Jesuítica do Paraguai, no século XVII, é o tema deste trabalho. Para uma compreensão das reduções jesuítico-guaranis na perspectiva de uma história da sensibilidade, procedeu-se a uma releitura das Cartas Ânuas da Província Jesuítica do Paraguai, referentes ao período de 1609 a 1675. O discurso jesuítico, especialmente através de suas falhas, permitiu reconhecer as reduções como espaço de reinvenção de significados, no qual se constrói uma sensibilidade religiosa própria, resultante da acomodação criativa da espiritualidade guarani e da devoção e piedade tridentinas. So far the hell, so near the heaven: scare to convert Abstract The analysis of the impact of Western Christian conceptions of illness and death in the Guarani indigenous sensibility and their translation into the Guarani’s representations and social practices, in the Jesuit mission settlements (reducciones) of the Guarani, circumscribed to the Jesuit Province of Paraguay, constitutes the theme of the present research. An in-depth reading of the Cartas Ânuas of the Jesuit Province of Paraguay, concerning the period from 1609 to 1675, was carried out to come to a deeper understanding of Jesuit-Guarani mission settlements within the framework of a history of sensibility. The Jesuit discourse, mostly through its gaps, allowed for the acknowledgement of the Mission Settlements as a space for the reinvention of meanings, in which it is possible to construct a unique religious sensibility that results from the creative accommodation of Guarani spirituality and of Tridentine devotion and piety.

The Implications of Climate Change for the Actuarial Profession. A Discussion Meeting

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-145
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
To Come ◽  
Risk Managers ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTIONIn our role, as actuaries, as long-term risk managers, climate change may have a considerable impact on some of our work, and, at the very least, we need to be able to answer clients' questions on the issue. The aim of this meeting is to come to a consensus on what that impact might be and how it can be managed. The impact on society and on the economy of climate change is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. We need to ascertain the risks; what they are, the degree of uncertainty, the potential magnitude and the time frame.Earlier, the Environmental Research Group of the Actuarial Profession had conducted a survey of actuaries on climate change and its implications, by means of a questionnaire. The analysis of this questionnaire is printed here, as an indication of the reactions of those actuaries who responded.

Yosemite Regional Transportation Strategy: Creating a Public-Private Partnership

2000 ◽  
Vol 1735 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Weinstein Nelson ◽  
Jeffrey Tumlin
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Yosemite Valley ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Park Service ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

In 1992 the Yosemite Area Regional Transportation Strategy (YARTS) group began meeting to discuss access and transportation needs of visitors to the Yosemite region. The group included representatives of the five rural counties surrounding Yosemite National Park, the National Park Service, the state department of transportation, and eventually the U.S. Forest Service and other state and federal agencies. Urgency increased after the park instituted a program of gate closures to address congestion and parking problems within Yosemite Valley. Although the closures lasted only a matter of hours, the impact was felt for months to come as visitors changed their plans in the face of potential closures. Two years later, a flood permanently removed infrastructure within the park, including parking spaces and camping sites, making access from the surrounding communities even more critical. After 8 years of planning, YARTS has implemented the first regional transit service ever focused on the 4 million annual visitors to Yosemite. The 2-year demonstration service plan is not intended to replace automobile access to the park but rather to provide an alternative mode of access. The plan is creating a unique partnership between YARTS and private vendors who will provide the service and assume much of the start-up risk. The plan provides a working outline of the service, including anticipated service levels and fares. All of these plan highlights are discussed, along with a history of the YARTS organization, which describes the technical and political challenges to implementation.

scholarly journals Australia's national mental health strategy in historical perspective: beyond the frontier

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Penal Colonies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individualistic Culture ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

The history of Australian psychiatry is entwined with the impact of European (British) invasion and settlement, initially in 1788, to form penal colonies to alleviate the overcrowding of English jails, which generated a masculine-dominated, individualistic culture. As European settlement in Australia expanded, the colonisers tried to come to terms with this remote, vast landscape and fought over land and resources with the original Aboriginal inhabitants, who had been there between 40000 and 60000 years. Australian psychiatry was profiled in a previous article inInternational Psychiatry(issue 10, October 2005).

Walking The Line: Pipe and Sweat Ceremonies in Prison

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Lee Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Sweat Lodge ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT: This paper is an overview of the movement among Native American prisoners to have access to native religious practices, specifically pipe ceremonies, sweats, and prayer and drum sessions in prison. These practices form the basis of a new movement that supports a wide range of native spiritual traditions, organized around a few basic ceremonies now recognized as primary expressions of native religious identity. Since the early 1970s, this movement has fought for recognition in the prisons, in the courts, and in the popular press. I first review the history of the pipe movement through a survey of important legal cases. The second half of the paper covers the symbolic aspects of the pipe and sweat as they contribute to prisoner rehabilitation through the cultivation of a nativeformulated religious worldview. Also covered are the formation of various native societies for the purpose of providing spiritual advisers to prisons and the impact of this movement on the reservations. Rather than going to church, I attend a sweat lodge; rather than accepting bread and toast from the Holy Priest, I smoke a ceremonial pipe to come into Communion with the Great Spirit; and rather than kneeling with my hands placed together in prayer, I let sweetgrass be feathered over my entire being for spiritual cleansing and allow the smoke to carry my prayers into the heavens. I am a Mi'kmaq, and this is how we pray. (Noah Augustine)

Out with the old, in with the new: religion, charitable status and the Charities Act 2006

Legal Studies ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Iwobi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Religion ◽  
Insight Into

The enactment of the Charities Act 2006 is widely viewed as one of the most momentous events in the recent history of English charity law, and the impact of the Act on the pre-existing law is still being debated. This paper inquires into the operation of the Act within the religious sphere. It seeks to explore the basis upon which charitable recognition was accorded within this sphere before the Act and to assess how far the law that was previously in force has been preserved, modified or rendered inoperative by the provisions of the Act. Three fundamental dimensions of the legal regime governing religious charities are especially relevant to this inquiry. The first dimension encompasses the elusive quest for the meaning of religion in the charitable sense. The second focuses on the long-standing requirement that religious purposes must be beneficial to the public in order to be charitable. The third is concerned with the human rights implications of conferring or withholding charitable status within the religious domain. Each dimension is examined in turn with a view to providing an insight into the complexities and difficulties inherent in the pre-existing law and the extent to which these have been addressed by the reforms contemplated by the Act.

CIVIL RELIGIONS IN DERBY, 1930–2000

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALISTER CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Civil Religion ◽  
Local Study ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Interethnic Conflict ◽  
English Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThis article explores the impact of immigration on the social history of Derby, England, after the Second World War. In particular, it studies the changes in the city's religious culture associated with the decline of Christianity as the city's civil religion and the increased religious pluralism due to immigration. This local study challenges assumptions about the nature and timing of secularization, and the characterization of religion in late twentieth-century Britain as militant. As new communities from South Asia and the West Indies settled in Derby, their politicization resulted in a growing emphasis on their religious identity that countered interethnic conflict and fostered civil society. The Christian churches are an important part of this story as they found new ways of remaining relevant, sometimes in concert with members of other faith traditions. Between 1930 and 2000, Derby experienced a shift from a civil religion to an array of religions that were civil to each other and concerned for the good of society. Religion continued to play a constructive role in English society at the end of the twentieth century.

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