The Emergence of the Russian Mobile Telecom Market

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Yakubovich ◽  
Stanislav Shekshnia
Keyword(s):  
Adam Smith ◽  
Cellular Phone ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Market Formation ◽  
Visible Hand ◽  
Mobile Telecom

This chapter features a case study of the emergence of the cellular phone industry in Moscow and St. Petersburg. These are local stories about how fragments of the old Communist state—in particular traditional telecoms and a military research lab, both of which had highly qualified engineers—mostly successfully reached out to foreign partners to jointly found six new cellular companies. These are the types of stories that Gorbachev promised but too rarely delivered. This chapter confirms the basic message of the previous chapter that “market formation” in post-Communist Russia was not the spontaneous invisible hand of Adam Smith and Friedrich Hayek but instead was the visible-hand emergence of business alliances and groups.

The Limits to Specialization: Problem Solving and Coordination in ‘Modular Networks’

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1885-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Brusoni
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Distributed Learning ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Modular Products ◽  
Modular Networks ◽  
Visible Hand ◽  
Design Activities

This paper builds upon current research into the organizational implications of ‘modularity’. Advocates of modularity argue that the ‘invisible hand’ of markets is reaching activities previously controlled through the visible hand of hierarchies. This paper argues that there are cognitive limits to the extent of division of labour: what kinds of problems firms solve, and how they solve them, set limits to the extent of division of labour, irrespective of the extent of the market. This paper analyses the cognitive limits to the division of labour, relying on an in-depth case study of engineering design activities. On this basis, it explains why coordinating increasingly specialized bodies of knowledge, and increasingly distributed learning processes, requires the presence of knowledge-integrating firms even in the presence of modular products. Such firms, relying on their wide in-house scientific and technological capabilities, have the ‘authority’ to identify, propose and implement solutions to complex problems. In so doing, they coordinate networks of suppliers of both components and specialized competencies.

scholarly journals The visible hand of research performance assessment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Research Performance ◽  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Research Assessment Exercise ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Visible Hand

Far from allowing a governance of universities by the invisible hand of market forces, research performance assessments do not just measure differences in research quality, but yield themselves visible symptoms in terms of a stratification and standardization of disciplines. The article illustrates this with a case study of UK history departments and their assessment by the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) and the Research Excellence Framework (REF), drawing on data from the three most recent assessments (RAE 2001, 2008, REF 2014). Symptoms of stratification are documented by the distribution of memberships in assessment panels, of research active staff, and of external research grants. Symptoms of a standardization are documented by the publications submitted to the assessments. The main finding is that the RAEs/REF and the selective allocation of funds they inform consecrate and reproduce a disciplinary center that, in contrast to the periphery, is well-endowed with grants and research staff, decides in panels over the quality standards of the field, and publishes a high number of articles in high-impact journals. This selectivity is oriented toward previous distributions of resources and a standardized notion of “excellence” rather than research performance.

Somethin’ about Scandinavia: Danish Shorts on the Post-war International Scene

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
The Third ◽  
Animated Film ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Post War ◽  
Nordic Cooperation

Building on the picture of post-war Anglo-Danish documentary collaboration established in the previous chapter, this chapter examines three cases of international collaboration in which Dansk Kulturfilm and Ministeriernes Filmudvalg were involved in the late 1940s and 1950s. They Guide You Across (Ingolf Boisen, 1949) was commissioned to showcase Scandinavian cooperation in the realm of aviation (SAS) and was adopted by the newly-established United Nations Film Board. The complexities of this film’s production, funding and distribution are illustrative of the activities of the UN Film Board in its first years of operation. The second case study considers Alle mine Skibe (All My Ships, Theodor Christensen, 1951) as an example of a film commissioned and funded under the auspices of the Marshall Plan. This US initiative sponsored informational films across Europe, emphasising national solutions to post-war reconstruction. The third case study, Bent Barfod’s animated film Noget om Norden (Somethin’ about Scandinavia, 1956) explains Nordic cooperation for an international audience, but ironically exposed some gaps in inter-Nordic collaboration in the realm of film.

Buying with You, Selling with You, Praying with You

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Tutino
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Social Views ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents a second case study showing another concrete example of the issues to which probabilism was applied. Like the previous chapter, this chapter puts the theoretical and theological discussions on probabilism into the concrete social, economic, and cultural reality of the post-Reformation Catholic Church. This chapter explores the relationship between Catholic theology and money lending by examining the key role that probabilism played in helping theologians to maintain the traditional Catholic ban on usury while at the same time engaging with the burgeoning money-market economy and with other religious traditions with different doctrinal and social views on money, such as Judaism.

scholarly journals Corporate Responsibility: In the Dilemma between Fake and Trust?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Simon Fietze ◽  
Wenzel Matiaske ◽  
Roland Menges
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Market Organization ◽  
Corporate Social

The accusation of whitewashing accompanied the discussion about corporate social responsibility (CSR) since its inception the 1950s. That's not surprising. Ever since its beginnings in Scottish moral philosophy, economics did not expect the general good to be enhanced by the individual's social orientation, but rather by its self-interest, a concept less liable to disappointment, and the work of the invisible hand (Hirschman, 1977). The latter aims to promote a common goal that individuals have not intended. Following his famous text, Adam Smith (2007 [1786], p. 350) continues: ‘I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good.’ The ‘mistrust’ of the ‘goodwill’ of the capitalist lives on in various streams such as Marxism, (neo-)liberalism or sociological system theory, to name but a few schools of thought. Marxists do not expect societal progress any more than (neo-)liberals from benevolent capitalists who, demand more taxable profits, instead of social responsibility, in the framework of the market organization of companies. System theorists find that ethical demands are hardly transferable directly into the economy code of payment/non-payment. Although Adam Smith (2007 [1786], p. 350) shared the view that the claim of public good orientation is ‘indeed, not very common among merchants’, but that ‘very few words need to be employed in dissuading them from it.’

scholarly journals The Revival of Protectionism in the Modern World: Case Study of Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Regina Gaynulina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

Since the publication of The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, in which market-based economy free from government interventions was systematically defended, economics and philosophy have mostly parted ways, culminating in a clear distinction between how most economists and philosophers view the global economic order. Although it is now clear that trade liberalization, unlike protectionism, paves the way for economic development, many still argue that the countries are better off implementing protectionist measures. Even the developed countries today seem to slowly return protectionist policies, while the developing ones commonly employ them fully. In this research work, the author will analyze the recent trends in trade policymaking as well as conduct a case study of Uzbekistan to see what impact the decades of protectionism and recent trade-liberalization reforms made on the country’s economic growth. The aim of the work is to identify and reveal the features of new protectionism in the context of globalization of the world economy and the related contradictions and to provide recommendations for Uzbek authorities based on the empirical findings. There is a very limited number of researches made in the field of trade policy in Uzbekistan, therefore this work will contribute to both Uzbekistan and global scientific societies, as the case study can be used to improve the current situation in the country, as well as it can be applied to the countries of a similar economic background (precisely present at the same geographic region) for the same purposes. The hypothesis proposed for this research is: When the country implements high protectionist measures it faces lack of money inflow, which consequently leads to a slow-down in economic growth.

scholarly journals What can the African diaspora contribute to innovation and knowledge creation? The case study of Zimbabwean innovators

2021 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. 101-125
Author(s):  
Juliet Thondhlana ◽  
Roda Madziva ◽  
Evelyn Chiyevo Garwe
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Innovation And Development

The importance of diaspora and transnational knowledge production, innovation, and development is of growing interest, particularly in the developing world. The phenomenal increase in high human capital migration from poor to rich countries has historically led to what is commonly known as brain drain, which has negatively impacted the capacity of such countries to innovate. Yet more recently the emergence of the phenomenon of transnationalism has demonstrated the potential to transform brain drain into brain circulation, for the mutual benefit of both sending and receiving contexts. This article uses the case of Zimbabwe to explore the role of diasporan professionals, scholars, and entrepreneurs in contributing to knowledge production, innovation, and development initiatives in their countries of origin. Zimbabwe is an example of many African countries that have experienced substantial attrition of highly qualified knowledge workers for various reasons. A qualitative approach, involving interviews and documentary evidence, enabled the researchers to engage with the Zimbabwean diaspora to capture their narratives regarding the challenges and opportunities, which were then used to develop successful transnational knowledge production initiatives.

The Case for Combining Pump Maintenance and Systematic Upgrading

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz P. Bloch ◽  
Robert Bluse ◽  
James Steiger
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Current System ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Periodic Maintenance ◽  
Work Supports

Virtually, all industrial machinery requires periodic maintenance for dependable long-term operation. In fact, the very term “maintenance” is defined as keeping machines in the as-designed or as-purchased and manufactured condition. At issue is whether the equipment owner’s profitability objectives are best served by “maintaining only”, or by judiciously combining maintenance and upgrading tasks. Assuming the answer favors combining maintenance and upgrading, the question arises whether an intelligent and well thought-out combination of maintenance and upgrading should be entrusted only to the original equipment manufacturer (OEM), or if qualified non-OEMs should be considered also. The co-authors would like to offer their answer to the question. Experience shows that a highly qualified independent rebuild shop with demonstrated capabilities and experienced personnel can offer high-quality upgrades that improve both uptime and efficiency. Such a shop can do so consistent with current system performance requirements. With the considerable consolidations in the pump industry, the distinct possibility exists that the OEM is not able to offer the same engineering competence he previously had and that independent shops should be considered. This presentation deals with a case study and details where such upgrading was being planned, implemented, and verified to have had the desired results. It further explains the role played by competent pump rebuild shops (we chose to call them “CPRS”) in these important endeavors. Our work supports the premise that rebuilding a vintage process pump to original OEM specifications makes no sense, given current pump rebuilding technology and changes to the system performance that occur over time. We find compelling reasons to systematically upgrade the efficiency and potential run length of large centrifugal pumps. Of course, this upgrading must be pre-planned and then carried out during a future maintenance outage.

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