Ethics in an Age of Terror and Genocide

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Renwick Monroe
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Self In Relation ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Holocaust

What causes genocide? Why do some stand by, doing nothing, while others risk their lives to help the persecuted? This book analyzes riveting interviews with bystanders, Nazi supporters, and rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust to lay bare critical psychological forces operating during genocide. The book's examination of these moving—and disturbing—interviews underscores the significance of identity for moral choice. The book finds that self-image and identity—especially the sense of self in relation to others—determine and delineate our choice options, not just morally but cognitively. It introduces the concept of moral salience to explain how we establish a critical psychological relationship with others, classifying individuals in need as “people just like us” or reducing them to strangers perceived as different, threatening, or even beyond the boundaries of our concern. The book explicates the psychological dehumanization that is a prerequisite for genocide and uses knowledge of human behavior during the Holocaust to develop a broader theory of moral choice, one applicable to other forms of ethnic, religious, racial, and sectarian prejudice, aggression, and violence. It suggests that identity is more fundamental than reasoning in our treatment of others.

The Meaning of Coffee for Barista in Speciality Coffee Shop in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 097325862110058
Author(s):  
Redovan Witarta Adhi ◽  
Ulani Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Coffee Shop ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Specialty Coffee ◽  
Coffee Shops

The purpose of this study is to determine the meaning of coffee for Barista in specialty coffee shop. The concept used in this study is the concept of self-image or an individual image. The concept of self-image also explains the feelings and thoughts of individuals. The research method used is qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Whereas data collection is done by conducting observations, interviews and literature studies. The results of this study show that the meaning of coffee for Barista in specialty coffee shop is the deeper their understanding of knowledge about coffee, the stronger the meaning conveyed to their customers and also to increase the sense of self respect as Barista. Besides that, the interaction built between the Barista and the customers can also strengthen the characteristic of the coffee shops, which is to be the specialty coffee shop in the third wave era.

scholarly journals The Experienced Self and Other Scale: A technique for assaying the experience of one’s self in relation to the other

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Erel Shvil ◽  
Herbert Krauss ◽  
Elizabeth Midlarsky
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Venn Diagrams ◽  
Self In Relation ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Perception Of Self

The construct “self” appears in diverse forms in theories about what it is to be a person. As the sense of “self” is typically assessed through personal reports, differences in its description undoubtedly reflect significant differences in peoples’ apperception of self. This report describes the development, reliability, and factorial structure of the Experience of Sense of Self (E-SOS), an inventory designed to assess one’s perception of self in relation to the person’s perception of various potential “others.” It does so using Venn diagrams to depict and quantify the experienced overlap between the self and “others.” Participant responses to the instrument were studied through Exploratory Factor Analysis. This yielded a five-factor solution: 1) Experience of Positive Sensation; 2) Experience of Challenges; 3) Experience of Temptations; 4) Experience of Higher Power; and 5) Experience of Family. The items comprising each of these were found to produce reliable subscales. Further research with the E-SOS and suggestions for its use are offered.  DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v4i2_shvil

Introduction

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Renwick Monroe
Keyword(s):  
Political Psychology ◽  
Moral Courage ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Background Context

This chapter reflects on the curious puzzle of how identity can influence moral choice, and why. In so doing the chapter discusses the background context within which this volume operates, as it traces an initial intellectual objective of explaining the psychology of genocide to an exploration of how the themes found in the Holocaust resonate with other periods of genocide, other instances of ethnic cleansing, other acts of prejudice, discrimination and group hatred, and animosity, just as they resonate with other instances of compassion, heroic altruism, and moral courage. The psychological forces at work during the Holocaust, this chapter argues, partake of the same political psychology underlying other political acts driven by identity. From here, the chapter develops a new theory of moral choice to tackle these issues and gives a brief overview of the succeeding chapters.

Freiwilligkeit der Gewalt?

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Political System ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Destructive Obedience ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe series of psychological explanations for the atrocities of Hitler’s Germany followed a development that started with the personality of the perpetrators and subsequently focused on the situation, almost to the exclusion of the person component. Milgram’s experimental series marks a turning point. His construct of destructive obedience claims a validity that transcends the Nazi context and has far-reaching implications for human behavior in hierarchies, irrespective of the political system. The merits of his approach can be understood in comparison and in connection with other theoretical and empirical venues that each provide a unique insight into the mechanisms underlying the Holocaust.

The Holocaust and the Crisis of Human Behavior.

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Helen Fein ◽  
George M. Kren ◽  
Leon Rappoport
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
The Holocaust

On the Malleability of Self-image in Individuals with a Weak Sense of Self

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronen Cuperman ◽  
Rebecca L. Robinson ◽  
William Ickes
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Self Image

scholarly journals A critical analysis of ‘face’-managing factors in isiZulu idioms

Literator ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Masubelele
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Face

People have an inherent need to communicate. They communicate out of need as well as for leisure. Human speech abounds with unpleasant and undesirable statements that could embarrass and even humiliate those spoken to or oneself. Brown and Levinson assert that unpleasant and undesirable statements have the potential to threaten the ‘face’ or self-esteem of the other person or persons. They define ‘face’ as the public self-image that every member of society wants to claim for themself. Simply put, ‘facework’ refers to ways people cooperatively attempt to promote both the other’s and their own sense of self-esteem in a conversation. As linguistic speech forms, idioms perform a variety of functions in a language. Not only do they make speech more colourful, but they also perform a communicative function in that they tend to soften the embarrassment and humiliation that often accompanies unpleasant and undesirable statements in speech. IsiZulu idioms will be examined in this article to establish to what extent they could contribute to managing ‘face’ issues. Examples of idioms will be drawn from C.L.S. Nyembezi and O.E.H. Nxumalo’s work Inqolobane Yesizwe. The facework theory as espoused by Brown and Levinson will underpin this discussion on isiZulu idioms.

Writing the Self after the Crisis of Individualism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
Moral Action ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Social Milieu ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Will ◽  
Documentary Literature

This chapter explains the concept of post-individualist prose as a pointed departure from nineteenth-century Realism. This is a fragmentary, documentary literature that restricts itself to the realm of “fact,” while being free to range outside the conventions of established genres. The post-individualist person's primary dilemma is a crisis in values, and Ginzburg treats writing as an ethical act. The chapter considers how writing serves as an “exit from the self,” a process by which the self becomes another, leaving behind the ego. It then turns to two of Ginzburg's narratives (“Delusion of the Will” and “A Story of Pity and Cruelty”), which concern the dilemmas of moral action in response to the death of a loved one. The traumatized subject uses techniques of “self-distancing” to deal with his or her sense of self and of the past by constructing a complete and responsible self-image, embedded within a social milieu, and then trying to connect it with his or her actions. Ginzburg's techniques of “self-distancing” are examined side-by-side with Shklovsky's concept of ostranenie (“estrangement”) and Bakhtin's vnenakhodimost' (“outsideness”).

Passivity and Responsibility in The Comfort of Strangers, Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist and Adam Resurrected

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-203
Author(s):  
Edward Lamberti
Keyword(s):  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Ian Mcewan

In Otherwise than Being, Emmanuel Levinas talks of ethics state as being ‘a passivity more passive than all passivity’, the idea that we want nothing for ourselves and that this is what enables us to be devoted to the Other. The Paul Schrader films that this chapter analyses – The Comfort of Strangers (1990), adapted from the Ian McEwan novel, Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist (2005) and Adam Resurrected (2008), from a novel by Yoram Kaniuk – focus on protagonists who are passive in their wants, desires and relationship with life, and my readings of these films will discuss Levinasian passivity and its ethical importance to film. These protagonists are affected by their passivity in different ways: Colin (Rupert Everett) in The Comfort of Strangers comes up against a man who wishes to murder him; Father Merrin (Stellan Skarsgård) in Dominion faces off against Satan; Adam (Jeff Goldblum) in Adam Resurrected is fighting the trauma of his own persecuted past during the Holocaust and his present-day struggles to control his overactive but fractured sense of self. Schrader shows in these films that ethical engagement has passivity as a necessary component, and that passivity is perhaps the most demanding aspect of Levinas’s ethics.

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