scholarly journals A critical analysis of ‘face’-managing factors in isiZulu idioms

Literator ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Masubelele
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Face

People have an inherent need to communicate. They communicate out of need as well as for leisure. Human speech abounds with unpleasant and undesirable statements that could embarrass and even humiliate those spoken to or oneself. Brown and Levinson assert that unpleasant and undesirable statements have the potential to threaten the ‘face’ or self-esteem of the other person or persons. They define ‘face’ as the public self-image that every member of society wants to claim for themself. Simply put, ‘facework’ refers to ways people cooperatively attempt to promote both the other’s and their own sense of self-esteem in a conversation. As linguistic speech forms, idioms perform a variety of functions in a language. Not only do they make speech more colourful, but they also perform a communicative function in that they tend to soften the embarrassment and humiliation that often accompanies unpleasant and undesirable statements in speech. IsiZulu idioms will be examined in this article to establish to what extent they could contribute to managing ‘face’ issues. Examples of idioms will be drawn from C.L.S. Nyembezi and O.E.H. Nxumalo’s work Inqolobane Yesizwe. The facework theory as espoused by Brown and Levinson will underpin this discussion on isiZulu idioms.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Keeping secrets (and deciding what can be told). Individuation, power and the Red book

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Christopher Hauke
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
The Public

Apart from some mentions in Memories, dreams, reflections, the Red book and its contents have been kept from the public for 96 years until its publication in 2009. This delay may have been influenced by the response (especially that from the psychoanalyst Winnicott) to the revelations of Jung's secret inner life in Memories, dreams, reflections. It is ironic that many times Jung refers to the importance of keeping secrets for a sense of self and the promotion of individuation. The discussion centres around two areas of tension: one is that between keeping and revealing secrets, and the other involves keeping the balance between the needs of an information hungry public and the risk of misunderstanding personal psychological material.

scholarly journals Art. XII.—Two Edicts of Aššurbanipal

1891 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-475
Author(s):  
S. Arthur Strong
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Public Worship

The following inscription is engraved (lines 1 to 49) on the back and (lines 50 to 81) on the left side of a stele of reddish stone brought from Babylon by Mr. Rassam, and now in the British Museum. The stele is rounded at the top, and on the face Aššurbanipal is represented in high relief in his tiara and royal robes, supporting on his head with his two hands an object which looks like a basket of woven reeds. The meaning of this attitude has been discussed in a learned paper by Mr. Evetts, and his conclusion is that the king is represented “in his capacity as priest carrying the instruments of sacrifice” (P.S.B.A. 1891). In the inscription the king, after setting forth his glory and titles, goes on to record how that he completed the work of restoration and adornment, which Esarhaddon his father had begun in Êsagila and the other temples of Babylon, that he brought back the image of Marduk, which in the reign of a former king (Sennacherib) had been carried away to Assyria, that he reorganized the public worship and other internal affairs of Babylon, and established his brother Šamaššumukin on the throne.

scholarly journals JOKE, LAUGH AND CRY: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF “MEME” IN PSYCHODYNAMICS AND COLLECTIVE PSYCHIATRIC CLINIC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Dartagnan Chaves dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Popular Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Essential Problem ◽  
Psychic Function

Existing is a verb that encompasses basal biological categories - biochemical, cellular and molecular processes - and psychodynamics, these tied to the experiences of ones and the world. Mental health, then, has as essential problem the face of the other and the "Other" through limited mechanisms and, also, by affections marked by otherness. The question, therefore, was "the most viral memes are based on which psychic processes and, therefore, what was the related otherness?". Three accounts on Instagram - @jedinizm, @pacifylyrics and @mariamchami - were evaluated qualitatively based on the parameters (i) communication objective, (ii) particular psychic function made collective and (iii) taboos and restrictive social norms addressed; clash arose by the critical reading of Sigmund Freud and Maria Homem. The joke was observed in the three accounts, @pacifylyrics presented greater conjugation between images - individual memes - and songs, @mariamchami, in turn, acts in a disruptive way, demystifying the image of the muslim woman through the ridicule of the intolerant thinking of the viewer. @jedinizm, more attentive to the public in general, brings themes such as adultery and financial bankruptcy as objects of laughter and subversion. In all cases, the meme acted as elaboration of affections for conscious denial, raising the characteristic austerity of forbidden themes in the social norm. It is, in fact, a category of popular education in collective mental health.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
Olivier Roy
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secular Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Public Sphere

This concluding chapter discusses how values are returning today in the guise of dominant norms, both in the secular world and in religion. Today's crisis is not simply a crisis of values, but of referring to values at all. For what should values be founded on? On one hand, religions, which are no longer in sync with Europe's dominant cultures, are returning to the public sphere on behalf of a normative demand. On the other hand, the secular culture that professes freedom and rights is coming to a head in a burst of normative production. This is a normativity toward all forms of religion and religiosity, of course, but also normativity with respect to its own foundation, the social contract, and human nature, that of the desiring subject. Ultimately, the chapter argues that it is time to re-examine the question of values, to restore the particular cultural and social aspects of norms and to reinject them into society. In the face of globalization, the issue is at once to be more in touch with society and to act as a counterweight to other influences in the world: only Europe can meet these two objectives.

The Importance of Self-Esteem

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Mruk
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Personal Career ◽  
Self Protection

The second chapter focuses on the two major functions of self-esteem, especially as they occur in relation to positive psychology, self-control or regulation, and positive emotions. One important function is self-protection, which concerns maintaining a sense of self and identity. In this sense, self-esteem is seen as buffering us from stress in everyday life, helping us deal with disappointment, and bouncing back from failure. The other major self-esteem function concerns enhancement or the expansion of the self and its abilities. In this case, it is shown how healthy self-esteem plays a pivotal role in helping us move beyond our comfort zone, take risks to reach past current limits, see new possibilities, and explore different personal, career, and interpersonal dimensions of life. This material also includes examining the three major theories of self-esteem and the nature of positive emotions.

scholarly journals The Other, Shame, and Politics: Levinas, Justice, and Feeling Responsible

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Steve Larocco
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Political Realm

Adi Ophir has suggested that the political realm is an order of evils, producing and managing regular forms of suffering and violence rather than eliminating them. Thus, the political is always to some extent a corrupted order of justice. Emmanuel Levinas’ work presents in its focus on the face-to-face relationship a means of rethinking how to make the political more open to compassionate justice. Though Levinas himself doesn’t sufficiently take on this question, I argue that his work facilitates a way of thinking about commiserative shame that provides a means to connect the face-to-face to its potential effects in the political sphere. If such shame isn’t ignored or bypassed, it produces an unsettling relation to the other that in its adversity motivates a kind of responsibility and care for the other that can alter the public sphere.

scholarly journals Inteligencia Artificial e Innovación en la Administración Pública: (in)necesarias regulaciones para la garantía del servicio público

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-91
Author(s):  
Mª Concepción CAMPOS ACUÑA
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Value ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

Laburpena: Azterlan honen helburua da administrazio publikoaren eredu berriari buruzko ikuspegia ematea, bi ardatz oinarri hartuta: berrikuntza eta adimen artifiziala. Alde batetik, berrikuntza delako administrazioak bilatu behar duen balio erantsia, bere jarrera tradizionala alde batera utzita, eta, bestetik, teknologien abangoardiarekin bat egiteko premia larritik abiatuta (adimen artifiziala) kasu honetan, gainera, berrikuntzaren eragile izanik . Hori guztia, sortzen diren eztabaida etiko sakonak ikuspegi juridikotik aztertuta, eta erronkei aurre eginez, bai zerbitzu publikoa bermatzeko eta bai herritarrek beren eskubideak libreki baliatzeko eta administrazioarekin dituzten harremanetan bazterketarik ez jasateko. Resumen: En el presente estudio pretende ofrecerse un enfoque del nuevo modelo de administración pública sobre dos ejes: innovación e inteligencia artificial. Por un lado, desde la perspectiva de la innovación como valor añadido que la administración debe buscar frente a su posición tradicional y, por otro, desde la imperiosa necesidad de sumarse a la vanguardia de las tecnologías en clave de inteligencia artificial, en este caso, además, como motor de innovación. Todo ello desde un análisis en perspectiva jurídica, desde los retos que se plantean para garantizar no sólo el servicio público, sino el libre ejercicio de sus derechos por la ciudadanía y la no discriminación en su relación con la administración, ante los profundos debates éticos que aparecen. Abstract: In the present study, we intend to offer an approach to the new model of public administration on two axes: innovation and artificial intelligence. On the one hand, from the perspective of innovation as an added value that the administration must seek in the face of its traditional position and, on the other, from the imperative need to join the vanguard of technologies in the key of artificial intelligence, in this case, also as an innovation engine. All this from an analysis in legal perspective, from the challenges that are posed to guarantee not only the public service, but the free exercise of their rights by citizenship and non-discrimination in their relationship with the administration, before the profound ethical debates that appear.

scholarly journals Engaged Anthropology and the Need for Empathy: Anthropological Interventions in the Face of the So-called Refugee Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-97
Author(s):  
Natalia Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Public Debate ◽  
Applied Anthropology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
Engaged Anthropology

This paper is an attempt to consider how engaged anthropology could be practiced in connection with the refugee/migrant crisis. The author presents in detail three anthropological interventions conducted in Poznań, a city in western Poland: (1) the project “We’re All Migrants: (Re)gained Migration Memory”; (2) the campaign “Adopt a Lifejacket”; and (3) the campaign “Gallery without a Home.” At the same time, she criticises the sedentary perspective predominant in the public debate regarding refugees and migrants, and the reduction of the refugee/migrant figure to the category of an Other. She perceives a need to depart from the role of expert and to stimulate empathy by making people aware of the adventitious nature of their lot in life and by emphasizing closeness to the other person rather than constantly focusing on differences. She points to the divergence between engaged and applied anthropology, and the related challenges facing anthropologists in Polish institutions who want to get involved in building social sensibility and interpersonal solidarity. She also calls for the propagation of hope.

scholarly journals Borders, Barriers and Grievable Lives

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Pötzsch
Keyword(s):  
Judith Butler ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Formal Properties ◽  
Epistemological Barriers

Abstract Based on a close reading of Ridley Scott’s war film Black Hawk Down (USA 2001; BHD), the present article investigates the formal properties through which a certain strain of war and action movies discursively constitutes the other – the enemy – as less than human. I develop the argument that the emergent relation between friend and foe in these films can be read through the concept of the border as an epistemological barrier that keeps the other incomprehensible, inaccessible, and ultimately ungrievable. Having demonstrated how BHD sets up such epistemological barriers, I widen my focus and show that similar formal properties can be found in other audio-visual media, such as video games or news items. I then proceed to investigate how the societal impacts of this audio-visual rhetoric might be conceptualized. Do the mass media constitute a logistics that organizes audiences’ perceptions of war, violence, and the other? Does the barring of the face of the enemy from the public sphere of appearance render particular lives ungrievable and therefore unprotectable? The main theoretical frame of the paper consists of an application of the discourse theory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe to an analysis of audio-visual media, and of the approaches of Judith Butler, James Der Derian, and Paul Virilio to conceptualizing impacts of media representations on political discourse and practice in times of war.

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