A Succession of Negative Shocks

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. McLean
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
First World

This chapter examines how the First World War seriously disrupted the economy, and was to be but the first of a succession of adverse external influences on national prosperity lasting a quarter of a century. The breakdown of the international economic order beginning in the 1920s and culminating in the world depression of the 1930s posed major challenges to Australia. These external shocks emanated from the drastically changed international economic environment Australia faced in the three decades after 1914. Prosperity was also dependent on continued foreign investment to augment domestic savings and hence growth. The principal policy response to this sequence of negative shocks was to promote industrialization behind rising levels of protection and accompanied by more centralized and regulated modes of wage determination.

Building Power to Change the World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Politics ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
First World ◽  
Rosa Luxemburg

The German council movements arose through mass strikes and soldier mutinies towards the end of the First World War. They brought down the German monarchy, founded several short-lived council republics, and dramatically transformed European politics. This book reconstructs how participants in the German council movements struggled for a democratic socialist society. It examines their attempts to democratize politics, the economy, and society through building powerful worker-led organizations and cultivating workers’ political agency. Drawing from the practices of the council movements and the writings of theorists such as Rosa Luxemburg, Anton Pannekoek, and Karl Kautsky, this book returns to their radical vision of a self-determining society and their political programme of democratization and socialization. It presents a powerful argument for renewed attention to the political theories of this historical period and for their ongoing relevance today.

The Compost Wars

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
First World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Popular Audience ◽  
First World

After the death of Gabrielle Howard from cancer, Albert married her sister Louise. Louise had been pressured to leave Cambridge as a classics lecturer as a result of her pro-peace writings during the First World War. After working for Virginia Wolf, she then worked for the League of Nations in Geneva. Louise was herself an expert on labor and agriculture, and helped Albert write for a popular audience. Albert Howard toured plantations around the world advocating the Indore Method. After the publication of the Agricultural Testament (1943), Albert Howard focused on popularizing his work among gardeners and increasingly connected his composting methods to issues of human health.

scholarly journals Pandemic Avant-Garde Urban Coexistence in Mário de Andrade’s Pauliceia Desvairada (1922) after the Spanish Flu

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Klengel
Keyword(s):  
Blind Spot ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Famous Book ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
First World

The radical aesthetic of the historical avant-garde movements has often been explained as a reaction to the catastrophic experience of the First World War and a denouncement of the bourgeoisie’s responsibility for its horrors. This article explores a blind spot in these familiar interpretations of the international avant-garde. Not only the violence of the World War but also the experience of a worldwide deadly pandemic, the Spanish flu, have moulded the literary and artistic production of the 1920s. In this paper, I explore this hypothesis through the example of Mário de Andrade’s famous book of poetry Pauliceia desvairada (1922), which I reinterpret in the light of historical studies on the Spanish flu in São Paulo. An in-depth examination of all parts of this important early opus of the Brazilian Modernism shows that Mário de Andrade’s poetic images of urban coexistence simultaneously aim at a radical renewal of language and at a melancholic coming to terms with a traumatic pandemic past.

“TO BE INDIFFERENT AND TO BE YOUNG”: DISRAELI, SYBIL, AND THE PRESERVATION OF AN AMERICAN “RACE,” 1879–1912

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Fraser
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World Economy ◽  
First World War ◽  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
World War ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
British Novel ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
First World

On November 16, 1918, a little more than two weeks after an armistice officially ended World War I, an editorial in the Idaho Statesman offered advice about the future of the world economy. Lifting the title of its editorial directly from Benjamin Disraeli's Sybil, or The Two Nations, the Statesman argued only the political philosophy espoused by that novel and its author could show the world a way forward. Quoting from the novel's final paragraph, the newspaper declares: “‘To be indifferent and to be young can no longer be synonymous.’ Those words were true when Disraeli penned them just 73 years ago, but they apply with striking force to the problems of today and to the problems which will be certain to develop in the years just ahead” (“Trustees of Posterity” 4). The newspaper wasn't only advocating political involvement by the nation's youth, nor was Disraeli. Sybil proposes a particular kind of economic and political order, a union between a “just” aristocracy, led by the young and ambitious, and the laboring classes. It proposes that great statesmen take up the mantle of responsibility just as Thomas Carlyle, in Disraeli's day, advocated great captains of industry take up that mantle (Houghton 328). The newspaper's argument implies this seventy-year-old British novel will be critical to America's political future. But this vision of responsibility belongs in the nineteenth century – it is rooted in the conflict between republicanism and aristocratic oligarchy – and the timing of the Statesman article at first seems wildly inappropriate. As the First World War ended, the Statesman expected the world would face the kind of threats Americans had perceived before the war. The editorial warns that “mobocracy” still “holds nearly half of the area of Europe and much of northern Asia in its bloody and irresponsible grip.” If there is any doubt about who is behind this “mobocracy,” the newspaper clears that matter up, answering: “Bolshevists, Socialists and all of the disciples of unrest who may be roughly grouped as ‘The Reds’” (“Trustees of Posterity” 4). And when the Statesmen warns about “Reds,” it can easily expect its readers to remember that, only seventeen years earlier, President McKinley had been shot by just such a “Red”: Leon Czolgosz, an alleged anarchist and the child of Polish immigrants.

“A Book for Those Who Were Also Concerned”

Karl Barth ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
Christiane Tietz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Critique ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Renewal ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First World

The support of prominent theologians for the First World War made Barth understand that their premises were false. How instead could a pastor rightly speak of God? Barth returned anew to the biblical text, becoming convinced that it can still speak to people today. The result was Barth’s first Epistle to the Romans (1919), a commentary to Paul’s letter. Barth stresses that the kingdom of God comes about solely through God, while all human activities, including religion, belong to the world. Barth’s cultural critique reflects the spiritual situation of the wartime and postwar period, yet without any hope on cultural renewal. In his 1919 Tambach lecture, Barth further developed his insights of the difference between God and religion. For God one can only wait. Jesus Christ’s resurrection is the wholly other. Therefore theology needs to think dialectically. Barth’s new ideas found great resonance, but he was also accused of arbitrary exegesis.

The World of the Little Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-70
Author(s):  
Clare Hutton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
World War ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Conservatism ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
First World

This chapter looks at the origins and general intellectual context of the Little Review, the avant-garde New York periodical which serialized Joyce’s Ulysses between 1918 and 1920. The editors were Margaret Anderson and Jane Heap, who were joined by Ezra Pound for two years from May 1917. Pound edited the serial Ulysses and was acutely aware of the changing political context in which the journal was being published. In an atmosphere of increasing cultural conservatism brought about by the entry of the US into the First World War, the New York Post Office declared some issues of the Little Review to be non-mailable and suppressed them. The chapter reviews some issues of the Little Review in detail, paying particular attention to the nexus of associations between the serial Ulysses and some of the other texts and preoccupations of the Little Review.

The Legacy of the First World War in the Transcaucasia from the Perspectives of the New Humanities

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
George Gotsiridze
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress ◽  
World Order ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War ◽  
First World

The work discusses the legacy of the First World War - its positive and negative sides - which played an important role in the formation of the world processes in the post-war period and still preserves its viability.The actuality of the problem is backed by the fact that the relationship of the Trans-caucasian countries with the outer world is still problematic nowadays. We witness how the world’s political and economic map is changing and technical-scientific progress is tangible. In the conditions of the accelerated global processes, a general political, economic and cultural area is being formed, and a new world order is being formed with its difficulties, social catastrophes or cataclysms, conflicts, divergence and integration. At this time, it is of utmost importance to analyze historical problems from the past and seek ways to resolve them in the political relations of the South Caucasus, as in their attitude towards the outside world, understanding that unity is a necessary guarantee of strengthening the statehood of each country and that the perception of the Transcaucasia by the rest of the world as a unified political and economic sphere will simplify the Euro - Atlantic integration. The issue is discussed from the new humanitarian perspectives, which gives us the opportunity to determine the national verticals from experience received centuries ago, around which local or regional political consciousness should be unified in order to satisfy the national interests of each country in the Transcaucasia through closer cooperation.

Arthur Stewart Eve, 1862-1948

1949 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
pp. 396-407
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Graduate Faculty ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
The Mind ◽  
First World ◽  
Scientific Director

Arthur Stewart Eve, who will be remembered mainly for his pioneer work on radioactivity and his lovable character, was born at Silsoe, Bedfordshire, on 22 November 1862, son of John Richard and Frederica (Somers) Eve and, after an active and varied life spent for the most part in Canada, passed away in retirement at Puttenham, Surrey, on 24 March 1948, in his eighty-sixth year. Scholar, teacher, pioneer with Rutherford, soldier and scientific director in the first World War, Eve later was appointed Head of the Department of Physics in McGill University, Montreal, and Dean of the Graduate Faculty. The fine, well-balanced qualities of the man are well presented in the following quotations from an editorial, ‘In a Great McGill Tradition’, which appeared in the Montreal Gazette at the time of his death : ‘In the best sense, he was a university character. He was provocative but not contentious, kindly but not sentimental, critical but not cruel, humorous but not foolish, shrewd but not harsh. As he moved about the campus walks in his last years at McGill, he was a man whose life had been deepened by the vigorous use of the mind on illimitable problems, and mellowed by zest and common sense which had kept his outlook keen and reasonable.’ ‘Dean Eve’s discoveries in radioactivity and in geophysics received their due and full recognition from the highest learned societies of the world, including the Royal Society of London, on whose Council Dr Eve served in his later years. They were the recognition of the fruits of his “voyaging through strange seas of thought”. ‘But these far voyagings, valuable as they were in their discoveries, never took Dr Eve away from the warmth and colour of ordinary human experience. In the soundness of his humanity he looked for his satisfaction: ‘ “Not in Utopia—subterranean fields,— Of some secreted island, Heaven knows where! But in the very world, which is the world Of all of us,—the place where, in the end We find our happiness, or not at all.” ’

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