Afterword

Money ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith ◽  
James K. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Forecasting ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Current Reality

This chapter argues that the history of money could be better. It suggests that the problem of money is now linked to that of the economy, even with that of the polity, and explains how monetary policy has become but a minor part of the whole economic policy, how economic policy has become an aspect of politics, and how supply and demand in the modern economy are now brought into equilibrium only after significant movements in prices and in income. It also discusses six imperatives that will shape or control monetary policy and the larger economic policy of which it is now a lesser part. Finally, it considers the prospect that policy in the future will be based not on economic forecasting but on the current reality, and insists that inflation and recessions do not last forever.

scholarly journals CORONAVIRUS, LOCKDOWN, AND ECONOMY

MEST Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Helmuth Gomez ◽  
Gabriela Antosova
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Animal Spirits ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Future

Humanity has faced an unprecedented biological threat that collapsed the global economy and engulfed the animal spirits in a severe wave of pessimism and fear. The measures of policy have combined an expansive monetary policy and an extra fiscal expenditure that was not contemplated in the budgetary planning exercise. The recuperation stage is strongly challenging and requires all efforts of economic policy. The future global economic performance relies on the breaking policy postures that can succeed in realigning the path of growth in the long run. In any case, the destruction in the economic network and employment is so hard to restore that we must avoid the risk is to align the economy in a more stagnant path of growth for the future. The concluding part of the paper states that during the pandemic we saw that the way ahead should not be headed by the market mechanism but instead by an openly interventionist economic policy. In this blatantly ominous stage of the economy, serious doubts emerged about the ability of spontaneous supply and demand forces to recover the economic structure left in shambles by this disruptive shock.

Excavating Women: Towards an Engendered History of Archaeology (1998)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Díaz-Andreu ◽  
Marie Louise Stig Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Disciplinary History ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Critical Historiography ◽  
Knowledge Claims

Gender archaeology has by now become a relatively well-established research topic within archaeology. Recent years have seen the publication of a number of edited volumes, a rapidly expanding number of papers, and even a few journals and newsletters dedicated to this subject. It is, therefore, very surprising that in this literature the historiographic analysis of women archaeologists has played only a minor part. Likewise they are hardly acknowledged in the ‘folk’ histories of the discipline (Lucy and Hill 1994: 2). The need to understand the disciplinary integration of women, to appreciate the varying socio-political contexts of their work, to reveal the unique tension between their roles as women and their academic lives, has become obvious and is strongly felt in many areas of the discipline. The insights yielded by such analysis will have significance at many levels and will be of paramount importance for the intellectual history of archaeology. In particular, such insights will necessitate a much-needed revision of disciplinary history by revealing its mechanisms of selecting and forgetting, and will play an important role in the analysis of archaeology’s knowledge claims. Histories of archaeology have broadly accepted, and spread, a perception of archaeology as being male-centred, both intellectually and in practice. These accounts, written by male archaeologists such as Glyn Daniel (1975), Alain Schnapp (1993), and Bruce Trigger (1989), are inevitably androcentric in their conceptualization and reconstruction of the disciplinary past. Their versions have, however, recently begun to be contested, as concern with critical historiography has grown, and a few explicit historiographical accounts of women archaeologists have appeared. So far, with regard to the role of women, the most extensive contributions are the edited volumes by Claassen (1994) and du Cros and Smith (1993). While providing an important beginning, these publications show that there is still a long way to go. In particular they demonstrate a gap in research coverage, as no investigation of the contribution of women outside the USA and Australia exists.

The Economic History of a Young Corporation

1941 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 110-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Clough
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demand Curves ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Thinking

Economics, as it is frequently taught nowadays, consists largely of supply and demand curves. Within their graceful lines are contained the wisdom of the ages—the key to the past and the barometer of the future. If superimposed on one another, these curves have all the esthetic quality of dynamistic drawings. So completely have they dominated economic thinking that when a group of economists considered the possibility of founding an Economic History Association, their first impulse was to establish a demand curve. This was done, as Professor Heaton has intimated, by Miss Anne Bezanson, who canvassed the field. She discovered that four hundred people could be counted upon immediately to support a Journal of Economic History.

Revolutionary Ideology: The Case of the Marian Exiles

1963 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-654
Author(s):  
Michael Walzer
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Intellectual Style ◽  
Select Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
Revolutionary Ideology ◽  
A Minor

In the history of political thought, revolution is a relatively new idea. Rebellion, insurrection, tyrannicide, civil war, resistance: all these have been discussed and debated since the very beginnings of speculation about politics. But the idea that a select group of men might wilfully and systematically employ political violence to effect the moral and social transformation of an established order was literally not conceived until early modern times and did not become a matter of self-conscious speculation until quite recently. The purpose of this essay is to analyze and, in part, to explain one of the earliest appearances of revolutionary thought—among a group of exiled English and Scottish writers in the sixteenth century. It is a case study in the origins (rather than a description of the origin) of a new intellectual style and a new mode of perceiving and responding to the political world. But a new style and a new set of perceptions and responses suggests a new man: the religious exile of the sixteenth century was such a man, an intellectual suddenly set loose from conventional and corporate ties and radicalized, so to speak, by his experience. Hence the nature of the exile and the social character of the exiles must be studied before the new ideas can be fully understood.The writings of the Marian exiles have rarely been accorded such importance as will be attributed to them in this essay. Their work has more often been treated as a minor part of monarchomach literature; more especially, as an anticipation of, or a footnote to, the more important work of the French Huguenots.

scholarly journals Friedman's Presidential Address in the Evolution of Macroeconomic Thought

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gregory Mankiw ◽  
Ricardo Reis
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
American Economic Review ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Bankers

Milton Friedman's presidential address, “The Role of Monetary Policy,” which was delivered 50 years ago in December 1967 and published in the March 1968 issue of the American Economic Review, is unusual in the outsized role it has played. What explains the huge influence of this work, merely 17 pages in length? One factor is that Friedman addresses an important topic. Another is that it is written in simple, clear prose, making it an ideal addition to the reading lists of many courses. But what distinguishes Friedman's address is that it invites readers to reorient their thinking in a fundamental way. It was an invitation that, after hearing the arguments, many readers chose to accept. Indeed, it is no exaggeration to view Friedman's 1967 AEA presidential address as marking a turning point in the history of macroeconomic research. Our goal here is to assess this contribution, with the benefit of a half-century of hindsight. We discuss where macroeconomics was before the address, what insights Friedman offered, where researchers and central bankers stand today on these issues, and (most speculatively) where we may be heading in the future.

John Fryer, F. R. S. and his scientific observations, made chiefly in India and Persia between 1672 and 1682

1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-206 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Science ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Small Measure ◽  
John Fryer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Made In

The opening of a sea route between Europe and the East and the subsequent establishment of regular maritime contacts in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were events of no small significance in the history of science. Coinciding as they did with the beginnings of its modern expansion in the West, these contacts led eventually to the rejuvenation of science in the East and provided new facts and new stimuli to investigators in Europe. Although it was the Portuguese who pioneered the new sea route, in the course of which they made important advances in navigation science and cartography, and were the first Europeans to establish settlements in the East, at that time they played only a minor part in either the advance or the dissemination of Western science (1). Individual Portuguese workers made their contribution, the most notable being the physician and botanist Garcia de Orta (1479- 1570) who produced an important work on Indian plants and their medicinal properties and who gave the first description of the treatment of cholera (2), but their discoveries evoked little interest in Portugal. Other European nations played a more important role. To some extent unwittingly, and certainly not because primarily motivated by scientific zeal, three commerical enterprises, the English, French and Dutch East India Companies, played a part in these processes. In their overseas settlements these companies employed men versed in such skills as medicine and engineering who were interested in the natural phenomena which they observed and the products to be found in the countries in which they resided. To them is due in no small measure the introduction of western science to India (3), while their observations and collections made in the East furthered the advancement of science in Europe.

Chalkidike

1912 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
History Of ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Southern Greece ◽  
Of Greece

The following quotations will show what is thought about the origin and extension of the name Chalkidike and the work of Euboean Chalkis in those parts:—‘The barren islands of Sciathus and Peparethus were the bridge from Euboea to the coast of Macedonia, which, between the rivers Axius and Strymon, runs out into a huge three-pronged promontory. Here Chalcis planted so many towns that the whole promontory was named Chalcidice.’ ‘The whole peninsula was called Chalkidike, and the Greeks in it were comprised under the name of the Thracian Chalkidians.’Some passages of Herodotus and Thucydides led me to suspect that Chalkis took but a minor part, if any, in the colonization of this region; that the area of the Chalkidians of Thrace was comparatively small; that the name was confined to this area; and that these Chalkidians were not colonists from the cities of southern Greece, but, like their neighbours the Bottiaioi, a tribe. Further enquiry, though it has strengthened these suspicions, has not established them beyond doubt; but it seems to me worth while to set out the evidence, in the hope that others may throw light on a question of some importance for the history of Greece. At least I may expect that in future ‘Chalkidike’ and ‘Chalkidians’ will be used with care.

A Dynamic Systems Approach to Personality

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

David Magnusson has been the most articulate spokesperson for a holistic, systems approach to personality. This paper considers three concepts relevant to a dynamic systems approach to personality: dynamics, systems, and levels. Some of the history of a dynamic view is traced, leading to an emphasis on the need for stressing the interplay among goals. Concepts such as multidetermination, equipotentiality, and equifinality are shown to be important aspects of a systems approach. Finally, attention is drawn to the question of levels of description, analysis, and explanation in a theory of personality. The importance of the issue is emphasized in relation to recent advances in our understanding of biological processes. Integrating such advances into a theory of personality while avoiding the danger of reductionism is a challenge for the future.

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