Pathways to Authoritarian Rule

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Haggard ◽  
Robert R. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Show Evidence

This chapter examines institutional weaknesses explaining reversion to autocracy, asking in particular whether the specific causal mechanisms that have been identified with the weak democracy syndrome can also be used to explain elite-reaction reversions or populist reversions. It also asks whether praetorianism, weak institutions, and economic crisis in these cases generate opportunities and incentives for military coups or incumbent backsliding. The chapter first considers a cluster of civil war African cases and compares them with Niger. It then turns to cases in South and Southeast Asia (Pakistan) and Latin America (Peru), along with European examples, and proceeds with an analysis of the cases of Burundi and Thailand, both of which show evidence of the weak democracy syndrome. It concludes with a discussion of case studies of the seizures of power in Ghana and Haiti, both of which also show strong evidence of the weak democracy syndrome.

Political Dynamics of the Post-Communist Transition: A Comparative Perspective

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Bova
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The World ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Gorbachev Era

This article makes a case for viewing the politics of regime transition in communist states as a subcategory of the more generic phenomenon of transition from authoritarian rule. Drawing on case studies from Latin America and Southern Europe and from the more theoretical literature on postauthoritarian transitions that those cases have generated, the article reexamines the politics of reform in the Gorbachev-era USSR. This comparative approach shows that the dynamics of the liberalization process in the USSR adhere to a model of political change previously manifested in other parts of the world. Specifically, it provides a clearer understanding of the initial vitality and subsequent disintegration of Gorbachev's centrist reform program, as well as a new perspective from which to reevaluate Gorbachev's often-criticized program of regime democratization.

Money and Moralities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryll Alipio ◽  
Lan Anh Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Economies ◽  
Neoliberal Policies

The editorial introduction begins with a contextualization of how neoliberal policies, along with global capitalism, vary and are experienced differently in the settings described in the volume. In presenting nine chapters of case studies from across South and Southeast Asia, the introduction develops a framework for the conceptualization of contemporary Asia as an interconnected and transnational region in which money and morality have an ever-expanding role in people’s everyday lives. Following a critical review of the international scholarship on money and moralities, the introduction discusses how the chapters speak to each of the volume’s three sub-themes: ‘Money and Moral Selfhood in the Market Economy’, ‘Social Currencies and the Morality of Gender’, and ‘The Social Life of Money in Asian Moral Economies’.

scholarly journals The Onset of Civil War: Combining Various Scholarly Research Methods to Arrive at A Single, Unified Explanation of Why Civil Wars Occur

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugumaran Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

Historically, Southeast Asia has been among the most peaceful regions of the world. In the last sixty years, however, the populations of Southeast Asia have been torn apart by ravaging civil wars. What could be causing the high number of ethno-religious civil wars in Southeast Asia? To understand this, I use three different methods, two of which I have already employed in previous researches—quantitative (statistical) and traditional case studies. The third, using personal interviews with direct participants of conflict, is the focus of this study. This, combined with the results obtained from the other two methods, will highlight the causes of civil wars in Southeast Asia. While a number of studies have attempted to answer the race-religion-civil war nexus puzzle (none have used all three methods—quantitative, traditional case studies, and personal interviews), and none has specifically addressed Southeast Asian civil wars using all three methods.

Protecting Asian Elephants from Linear Transport Infrastructure: The Asian Elephant Transport Working Group’s Introduction to the Challenges and Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Ament ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Melissa Butynski ◽  
Becky Shu Chen ◽  
Norris Dodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Asian Elephant ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Linear Transport ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
In The Wild

Asian elephants are endangered across their remaining home ranges in South and Southeast Asia. According to recent estimates, fewer than 52,000 individuals remain in the wild across 13 range states. Ongoing loss and fragmentation of habitat, increasingly caused by the development and operation of linear transport infrastructure (LTI) - such as roads, railways, and highways - is now exacerbating these threats. The Asian Elephant Transport Working Group (AsETWG) began collaboration in early 2019 to focus its efforts on developing solutions for conserving core habitats and decreasing mortality and barriers to Asian elephant movement. This publication marks a first milestone in AsETWG's work. It highlights the impacts that LTI has on Asian elephants and their habitats, addresses existing frameworks for reducing elephant-transport conflicts, provides seven case studies and a focus on emerging technologies, and makes general recommendations for inspiring urgent and practical actions.

scholarly journals Applying Post-Legislative Scrutiny to the Analysis of Legislation and SDGs in South and Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin De Vrieze ◽  
Fotios Fitsilis
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Research Question ◽  
National Level ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
The Law ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Post-Legislative Scrutiny (PLS) is an emerging oversight technique which is applied by parliaments to scrutinise implementation and impact of specific laws or legal frameworks. This article takes stock of PLS practices in countries in South and Southeast Asia and argues that PLS can also be used to scrutinise complex processes at the national or supra-national level, such as the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). First, a wide introduction and the state of play in PLS is provided, with reference to different parliamentary and development approaches emerging from the application of PLS in parliaments worldwide, followed by two specific case studies: the law on microfinance in Myanmar and the law on social practice reform in Nepal. The examination of these case studies offers insights about the application of scrutiny techniques in different parliaments. The outcome of the analysis is used to respond to the main research question of this contribution: whether PLS techniques can be applied for the oversight of extended processes, as is the case with the implementation of SDGs. For this, details of the first world study on parliamentary oversight of SDGs are presented, with a regional focus on South and Southeast Asia. The results seem to support the authors’ claim that PLS as a technique can facilitate oversight both of specific legal provisions and complex multi-stakeholder processes, such as the monitoring of SDGs.

The Private Security Events Database

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1986-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Avant ◽  
Kara Kingma Neu
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transnational Politics ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
Security Services ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 1990s, the private provision of military and security services has become a common feature of local, national, and transnational politics. The prevalence of private security has generated important questions about its consequences, but data to answer these questions are sparse. In this article, we introduce the Private Security Events Database (PSED) that traces the involvement of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in events in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2012. We describe the PSED project, highlight its descriptive findings, conduct a replication and reanalysis of Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski’s contract data in Africa, and compare the two databases’ coverage of Sierra Leone from 1991 to 1997. Our analysis demonstrates new insights into the relationship between PMSCs and civil war duration, confirming a correlation between PMSC presence and shorter conflicts, but questioning the logic Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski propose. It also points to a number of productive paths for future research.

Evidence for a revised dengue case classification: A multi-centre prospective study across Southeast Asia and Latin America

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (08/09) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Jänisch ◽  
A Balmaseda ◽  
I Castelo ◽  
E Dimaano ◽  
T Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Case Classification
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