scholarly journals PERIPHERAL COMPONENTS IN SEMANTICS OF BASIC PERCEPTIVE VERBS КÖР- «LOOK» AND ИС- «LISTEN» IN THE KHAKASS LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Мария Дмитриевна Чертыкова
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Persuasive Argument

В статье анализируется семантическая структура базовых перцептивных глаголов кöр- «смотреть, видеть» и ис- «слушать» в хакасском языке. В частности, выявляются и описываются не отраженные в словарных интерпретациях периферийные компоненты их семантики, которые формируются соотношением грамматических и семантических элементов. Установлено, что рассмотренные базовые перцептивные глаголы хакасского языка представляют периферийную часть концептуализации зрительного и слухового восприятий, которая обладает семантическими, ассоциативными и когнитивными особенностями. Грамматические же показатели уточняют и добавляют определенные оттенки в семантику глагола. Соотношение грамматических и содержательных компонентов в семантической структуре глагола кöр- «смотреть, видеть» систематизируется в синтаксических конструкциях, передающих оценочно-характеризующие высказывания со стороны говорящего (кöрдек анны… «посмотрите-ка на него / на нее…»). Как вводное слово данный глагол формирует конструкции, выражающие опасение, предостережение от негативной ситуации; наказ с оттенком категоричности; угрозу и предупреждение о том, что говорящий готов ответить на нежелательные действия противника. Раскрытие соответствующих грамматических и содержательных форм в структуре глагола ис- «слушать» нами не зафиксировано. Однако значительно реже, чем глагол кöр- «смотреть, видеть», он может вводить конструкцию, описывающую перцептивную ситуацию или факт, являющийся достоверным убеждающим аргументом говорящего в своей правоте. Наиболее часто глаголы кöр- «смотреть, видеть» и ис- «слышать» часто употребляются в форме призывов к зрительному и слуховому восприятию. Таким образом, рассмотренные базовые перцептивные глаголы хакасского языка представляют собой периферийную часть концептуализации зрительного и слухового восприятий, которая обладает семантическими, ассоциативными и когнитивными особенностями. The article analyzes the semantic structure of the basic perceptual verbs кöр- «look, see» and ис- «listen» in the Khakass language. In particular, peripheral components of their semantics that are not reflected in dictionary interpretations, which are formed by the ratio of grammatical and semantic elements, are identified and described. It is established that the considered basic perceptual verbs of the Khakass language represent the peripheral part of the conceptualization of visual and auditory perceptions, which has semantic, associative and cognitive features. Grammatical indicators clarify and add certain shades to the semantics of the verb. The correlation of grammatical and meaningful components in the semantic structure of the verb кöр- «look, see» is systematized in syntactic constructions that convey evaluative statements on the part of the speaker (кöрдек аны…). As an introductory word, this verb forms constructions expressing fear and caution from a negative situation; punishment with a touch of categorical; threat and warning that the speaker is ready to respond to unwanted actions of the enemy. The disclosure of relevant grammatical and meaningful forms in the structure of the verb ис- «listen» is not fixed by us. However, much less frequently than the verb кöр- «look, see», he can introduce a construct that describes a perceptual situation or a fact that is a reliable persuasive argument of the speaker being right. Most often, the verbs кöр- «look, see» and ис- « listen; hear» are often used in the form of appeals to visual and auditory perception. Thus, the considered basic perceptual verbs of the Khakass language represent the peripheral part of the conceptualization of visual and auditory perceptions, which has semantic, associative and cognitive features.

Baale

2020 ◽  
pp. 629-643
Author(s):  
Gerrit J. Dimmendaal
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
The West ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Verb Forms

Baale is a Surmic language spoken in the border area between Ethiopia and South Sudan. Whereas genetically it is closely related to Surmic languages farther towards the west (in South Sudan), it has converged towards more distantly related Surmic languages spoken farther towards the east, in Ethiopia, as a result of intensive language contact. This chapter presents a grammatical outline of Baale, and shows how contact phenomena affected the phonological, morphosyntactic, and semantic structure of this Nilo-Saharan language. In addition, the chapter presents prototypical features of a Surmic language, such as the tripartite number-marking system, case, and the distinction between conjoint and disjoint verb forms.

scholarly journals Comparative model of the world in A. Surov’s idiostyle

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Anna Sadovaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Comparative Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Style ◽  
As If

The article deals with the comparative model of the world in A. Surov’s individual style, which demonstrates the dynamics of the author's thinking, his view of reality and his inner world. The poet’s typical comparative models have been revealed: with syntactic and morphological comparisons. The author’s typical syntactic indicators are conjunctions «kak» (as) and «slovno» (as if/as though); the morphological indicators are the comparative degree of adjectives and the instrumental (ablative) case. The semantic mechanisms of these units formation have been described. Constructions with the conjunction «kak» (as) contain comparisons of the relatively constant and non-constant qualities of adjectives in the full and short forms respectively, as well as of the actions, the completed and the incomplete processes, which are presented by the verb forms. Constructions with the conjunction «slovno» (as if/as though) demonstrate the comparison of real entities and processes with potentially real situations, reflecting the concept of the outside world, explaining the similarity that is perceived only by the author. Comparative units with the instrumental (ablative) case express comparisons and similarities in various actions. These two types of comparative constructions can also be repeated, stratified, and combined in one sentence in A. Surov's works. In constructions with an adjective in the comparative degree, the overall characteristic of the compared entities is irrelevant, since the comparison is made on the basis of focusing on the degree of the certain features manifestation. This is confirmed by the author's semantic explications. Components of all types of comparative constructions represent four donor and recipient conceptual spheres: «Man», «Abstraction», «Nature», and «Objects». The conceptual sphere «Man» has been proved to be the dominant recipient and donor conceptual sphere, which testifies A. Surov’s anthropocentric creativity. The conceptual sphere «Nature» is also widespread among the donor conceptual spheres. To sum up, comparativeness is a semantic category presenting the opposition of meanings which are expressed by linguistic means and perform a comparative function regardless of the environment. This category is widely represented in the semantic structure and figurative function of constructions within the poet’s works. The comparative model of the world is a reflection of A. Surov's individual style formation and ways of the individual author's worldview perception. The proposed research is prospective for understanding the semantic category of comparability and its explication as a comparative model of the world in a particular author’s individual style.

Auditory Perception of Rhyming in Kindergarten Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
June D. Knafle
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Consonant Sounds

One hundred and eighty-nine kindergarten children were given a CVCC rhyming test which included four slightly different types of auditory differentiation. They obtained a greater number of correct scores on categories that provided maximum contrasts of final consonant sounds than they did on categories that provided less than maximum contrasts of final consonant sounds. For both sexes, significant differences were found between the categories; although the sex differences were not significant, girls made more correct rhyming responses than boys on the most difficult category.

Age-Related Decline in Emotional Prosody Discrimination

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. C. Mitchell ◽  
Rachel A. Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Duration Discrimination ◽  
Pitch Perception ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Emotional Prosody ◽  
Processing Stage ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Level Of Processing

It is now accepted that older adults have difficulty recognizing prosodic emotion cues, but it is not clear at what processing stage this ability breaks down. We manipulated the acoustic characteristics of tones in pitch, amplitude, and duration discrimination tasks to assess whether impaired basic auditory perception coexisted with our previously demonstrated age-related prosodic emotion perception impairment. It was found that pitch perception was particularly impaired in older adults, and that it displayed the strongest correlation with prosodic emotion discrimination. We conclude that an important cause of age-related impairment in prosodic emotion comprehension exists at the fundamental sensory level of processing.

A New View of Auditory Perception

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 839-840
Author(s):  
William A. Yost
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
New View

Semantic Structure and Episodic Context: The Analogy Between LSA and TCM

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Howard ◽  
Aditya V. Datey ◽  
Hong-Liang Gai
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Structure

Preverbation and narrativity in Lithuanian. The distribution of finite simplex and compound verbs in narrative main clauses

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Lea Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Text ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Compound Verbs ◽  
Finite Verb

The article deals with the use of simplex and compound (prefixed) verbs in narrative text. Main clauses comprising finite verb forms in the past and in the past habitual tense are examined in an attempt to establish to what extent simplex and compound verbs exhibit aspect oppositions, and whether a correlation exists between the occurrence of simplex vs. compound verbs and distinct textual units. The investigation shows that although simple and compound verbs in Lithuanian are not in direct aspect opposition to each other, in the background text portions most of the verbs are prefixless past tense forms or habitual forms, whereas in the plot-advancing text portions, the vast majority of verbs are compound verbs in the simple past tense.  

[discussion materials] A remark on the Salos glossing rules: Verb forms

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Aleksey Andronov
Keyword(s):  
Verb Forms

This remark addresses the article by Nicole Nau and Peter Arkadiev "Towards a standard of glossing Baltic languages: The Salos Glossing Rules" published in the 6th volume of Baltic Linguistics.

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