scholarly journals CHALLENGES OF FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: FATHER OR MOTHER LANGUAGE?

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Лейли Рахимовна Додыхудоева
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
First Language ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Marriage Patterns

В статье рассматриваются вопросы передачи родного языка следующим поколениям у населения Горно-Бадахшанской автономной области Таджикистана в ситуации активных языковых контактов: в местах фрагментированного распространения миноритарных памирских языков (ваханский, ишкашимский и др.), смешанных с зонами таджикского языка, где фрагментация населения усугубляется социокультурными практиками и брачными моделями; и при проживании в условиях внутренней и внешней миграции. В основу статьи положены материалы, собранные в ходе полевых исследований в Таджикистане и России методами наблюдения и интервью, в частности по методу фокус-групп, а также на основе анализа данных социальных сетей на памирских языках и публикаций по вопросам родного языка и лингвокультурной идентичности. Анализ языковых ситуаций проводится на основе типологической модели Эдвардса с выделением социолингвистических и демографических факторов, влияющих на жизнеспособность языковой группы. Мы рассматриваем формы передачи родного языка следующим поколениям у членов этих этнических групп в условиях двуязычия при традиционных моделях компактного проживания, а также в условиях многоязычия в ходе миграции. Установлено, каким образом стратегии жизнеобеспечения семьи, такие как тип расселения и брачные модели или выбор определенного типа миграции, оказывают влияние на стратегии и приемы передачи языковых навыков детям, а также на выбор и предпочтение языков родителями, а затем и самими детьми. Выявляются языковые предпочтения определенных групп на уровне семьи и этнической группы, их причины и приемы их поддержания. Кроме того, отмечен недавний поворот от нейтрально-позитивного отношения молодежи к родным (памирским) языкам к лингвистическому активизму и продвижению их в цифровом пространстве, а также созданию на них образовательных продуктов. The article is focused on the transmission of native languages to the next generation among the population of the Mountainous-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Tajikistan. The article is based on data collected during field research in Tajikistan and Russia, using observational methods and interviews, in particular focus groups. It also draws on monitoring of social media in the Pamir languages and on publications addressing the mother tongues and linguacultural identity of the Pamir ethnic groups. Particular attention is given to the areas where language contacts are especially active. First, the steadily shrinking fragmented zones of distribution of various minority Pamir languages (Wakhan, Ishkashim) mixed with the Tajik language; here, fragmentation of the population in the contact zones is aggravated by socio-cultural practices and intensified by specific marriage patterns, whereby men marry women from neighbouring villages speaking languages other than their own. Another area where language contact and linguistic shift are most apparent concerns members of these ethnic groups who undertake internal or external migration. The analysis of linguistic situations is based on Edwards’ typological model employing a set of sociolinguistic and demographic factors which affect the viability of a language group. We examine the ways in which mother tongues are transmitted to the next generation among members of these ethnic groups in conditions of compact residence; we consider their specific bilingual model, when the native language turns to be a father’s language. We also trace multilingual models in the context of increasing translocal and transnational migration, with its variety of approaches. It has been established how family life support strategies, such as the type of settlement and marriage patterns or the choice of a certain type of migration, influence the transfer of language skills to children, as well as the choice and preference of languages by parents, and later by children themselves. Among our outcomes, we reveal the types of bilingualism of certain groups (passive/early bilingualism, multilingualism), the reasons for this bilingualism and the specific means of its maintenance (such as settlement and marriage patterns). We reveal a recent development whereby a neutral attitude towards native (Pamir) languages has given way, among the younger generation, to linguistic activism, the promotion of these languages in the digital space and the creation of educational products on them.

scholarly journals The Argobba of Ethiopia are not the Language they Speak

Aethiopica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Abbebe Kifleyesus
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
First Language ◽  
Great Ease ◽  
Market Transaction ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
Central Claim ◽  
As If

The Argobba of southeastern Wällo and northeastern Šäwa live amongst and speak the languages of the Amhara and the Oromo with great ease as if they are members of these ethnic groups. For them Amharic and Afaan Oromoo are the languages of administration and market transaction and therefore important for Argobba survival in a region domi-nated by these two ethno-linguistic groups. Yet the Argobba I met in these lands identified themselves as Argobba, and they were known as such, despite the fact that several of them had Amharic or Afaan Oromoo as their first language. The central claim of this article is therefore that the Argobba of this region define themselves as Argobba based on their traditions, customs, beliefs, values, and total cultural practices and not on the basis of who can or cannot speak the Argobba language.

The Change of Residential Space of Ede People in Buon Ma Thuot City after 1975

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-211
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Residential Space ◽  
The Relationship

Over the last half century, there have been many changes taking place in the residential space of ethnic groups in Vietnam, especially those living in the Vietnamese Central Highlands, where the Vietnamese state has implemented a variety of important socio-economic development policies. Studying the residential space of the Vietnamese Central Highlanders, many authors have described the changes in housing architecture or their way of living, paying little attention to the relationship between changes in architecture and changes in indigenous people’s lifestyles, nor do they place these changes in a broader socio-political-economic context. Applying a holistic approach, based on field research conducted by the author during 2016-2017, this article seeks to analyse the complexity of change processes of the residential space of the Ede people in Buon Ma Thuot after 1975. The paper’s key argument is that the crucial changes in residential space, on the one hand, have resulted in acculturation between Ede and Kinh ethnic groups – in which the former accepted many cultural practices of the latter; on the other hand, have motivated them to preserve their traditional culture. Received 10th March 2020; Revised 18th April 2020; Accepted 24th April 2020

Intergroup Marriage in Hawaii, 1969–1971 and 1979–1981

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schoen ◽  
Barbara Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
Marriage Behavior ◽  
Low Levels

For residents of Hawaii during the years 1969–1971 and 1979–1981, this article investigates marriage patterns by ethnicity and level of education, using measures that control for the composition of the population. The extent of marriage between members of different ethnic groups is substantial and increasing. Intergroup marriage is not concentrated among particular ethnic groups, nor is it a characteristic of persons with either high or low levels of education. Nevertheless, Hawaii is not a society that ignores ethnicity. There is an ethnic hierarchy, with Chinese, Japanese, and Whites the more favored groups and Hawaiians and Filipinos the less favored. In marriage behavior, that hierarchy is seen in the presence of apparent exchanges between education and ethnicity, as the extent to which women “marry up” with respect to education depends upon the ethnicities of the bride and groom.

“Serbs” in Bela krajina: a (deliberately) forgotten minority?

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-194
Author(s):  
Romana Bešter ◽  
Miran Komac ◽  
Mojca Medvešek ◽  
Janez Pirc
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Border Region ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Minority Protection ◽  
National Minorities

There are three constitutionally recognized national/ethnic minorities in Slovenia: the Italians, the Hungarians and the Roma. In addition, there are other ethnic groups that could perhaps be considered as “autochthonous” national minorities in line with Slovenia's understanding of this concept. Among them is a small community of “Serbs” – the successors of the Uskoks living in Bela krajina, a border region of Slovenia. In this article we present results of a field research that focused on the following question: Can the “Serb” community in Bela krajina be considered a national minority? On the basis of the objective facts, it could be said that the “Serbs” in four Bela krajina villages are a potential national minority, but with regard to their modest social vitality and the fact that they do not express their desire for minority status, the realization of special minority protection is questionable.

Polysemy of Words Expressing Human Body Parts of The Four Limb Area in Thai Language in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Ha Thi Mai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Linguistic Anthropology ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Thai Language ◽  
Unit Of Measurement ◽  
Semantic Transformation

The nomenclature and polysemiosis of body parts has constituted a central part of linguistics, and of Linguistic Anthropology. The ramifications of such work make inroads into our understandings of many fields, including language contact, semiotics, and so forth, This current paper identifies the structures and emerging denotations of expressions of human body parts (HBPs) in Thai language, and ways in which these dimensions reflect polysemy. The study thus applies the following methods: Field research methods of linguistics, description, comparison, and collation. As sources of data, this study surveys Thai rhymes, fairy tales, riddles and riddle songs, rhyming  stories, children’s songs and linguistic data of daily speeches in the  northwest of Vietnam. The paper uses theories on word meaning and the transformation of word meaning. To aid analysis, this paper applies methods of  analyzing meaning components so to construct significative meaning structures of words expressing HBPs in Thai language, thus identifying the semantemes chosen to be the basis for the transformation. In the polysemy of  words expressing HBPs of the four limbs, the polysemy of words expressing  the following parts were studied: khèn - tay, cánh tay (arm); mễ – tay, bàn  tay (hand); khà - đùi (thigh); tìn - chân, bàn chân (leg, foot). Directions of semantic transformation of words expressing HBPs in Thai language are as  diversified and as multi-leveled as Vietnamese. Furthermore, in Thai language, there occur differences in the four scopes of semantic transformation, as compared with Vietnamese, including “people’s characteristics,” “human activities,” “nomination of things with activities like HBPs’ activities,” and “unit of measurement.” This study contributes to Linguistic Anthropology by suggesting that the polysemy of words expressing HBPs of the four limb area in Thai language will outline a list of linguistic phenomena which serve as the basis to understand cultural and national features, in the light of perception and categorization of the reality of the Thai minority with reference to Vietnamese.

scholarly journals 21st Century Socialism: Making a State for Revolution

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-554
Author(s):  
Lee Artz
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Bolivarian Revolution ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Participatory Communication ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Public Media

The Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela has built mass organizations of workers and communities that have erratically challenged class and market relations—verifying that taking political power is difficult but essential to fundamental social change and that capitalist cultural practices complicate the revolutionary process. This work identifies components of state power, separating state apparatus (government) as a crucial site for instituting social change. The case of democratic, participatory communication and public media access is presented as central to the successes and problems of Venezuelan 21st century socialism. Drawing on field research in community media in Caracas, the essay highlights some of the politico-cultural challenges and class contradictions in producing and distributing cultural values and social practices for a new socialist hegemony necessary for fundamental social change.

scholarly journals Investigation of CAEP components in different human ethnic groups based on their native languages

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Amer Ibrahim ◽  
◽  
Hua-Nong Ting ◽  
Mahmoud Moghavvemi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Native Languages

scholarly journals ‘Why Are You Not Crying?’

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Gladys Akom Ankobrey ◽  
Valentina Mazzucato ◽  
Lauren B. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Transnational Engagement

Abstract This article analyses the ways in which young people with a migration background develop their own transnational engagement with their or their parents’ country of origin. Drawing on 17-months of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in the Netherlands and Ghana, we add to the emerging literature on ‘return’ mobilities by analysing young people of Ghanaian background, irrespective of whether they or their parents migrated, and by looking at an under-researched form of mobility that they engage in: that of attending funerals in Ghana. Funerals occupy a central role in Ghanaian society, and thus allow young people to gain knowledge about cultural practices, both by observing and embodying them, and develop their relationships with people in Ghana. Rather than reproducing their parents’ transnational attachments, young people recreate these according to their own needs, which involves dealing with tensions. Peer relationships—which have largely gone unnoticed in transnational migration studies—play a significant role in this process.

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