scholarly journals ETHNOPEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES AT THE BASIC STAGES OF FORMATION: A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-177
Author(s):  
Андрей Олегович Сухов

Рассматриваются процессы развития народной педагогики и формирования этнопедагогики. Изучены ключевые моменты истории становления этнопедагогических принципов обучения и воспитания, способствовавшие формированию этнопедагогики как самостоятельной науки. В настоящий момент в педагогике представлено достаточное количество сведений, свидетельствующих о поэтапном течении этих процессов. В силу анализа узкого аспекта развития народной педагогики и этнопедагогики, чаще применительно к контексту их формирования на территории России, теряется их общий план становления, что подчеркивает актуальность настоящего исследования. Описан процесс формирования этнопедагогики со времен развития дородового общества первобытнообщинного строя (400–35 тыс. лет до н. э.), когда началось становление корневых педагогических принципов. Определены умения, навыки, обучение которым было полезно не только для выживания, но и создания объектов культурного наследия до Нового (конец XVIII – 1917 г.) и Новейшего времен (1917 г. – настоящее время), в которые многие этнопедагогические принципы трансформировались, поскольку произошло понимание необходимости изучения подрастающими поколениями не только родной культуры, но и культур других народов, проживающих на одной территории, с тем что-бы их совместное сосуществование строилось на чувствах уважения и заботе друг о друге. Выделены принципы этнопедагогики (трудовой принцип, принцип семейственности, преемственности воспитания и обучения, традиционности, природосообразности, игровой принцип, принцип нравственности, культуросообразности и др.) и на основе анализа истории их становления сделан вывод о том, что они являются основой успешного функционирования и развития современной отечественной системы просвещения, особенной чертой которой служит ориентация образования на этнокультурное обучение и воспитание. The article presents an analysis of the consistent development of the foundations of folk pedagogy and ethnopedagogy in history. The purpose of the research is to analyze the ethnopedagogical principles of teaching and upbringing developing at key moments in history that led to the formation of ethnopedagogy as an independent science. At the present moment a sufficient amount of information is presented in pedagogy that testifies about the stage-by-stage course of these processes. However, due to the analysis of the narrow side of the development of folk pedagogy and ethnopedagogy, most often in relation to the context of their formation on the territory of Russia, their general plan of formation turns out to be lost. This emphasizes the relevance of the study. The process of the formation of ethnopedagogy is described from the moment of development of prenatal society during the primitive communal system (400–35 thousand BC), which laid the first ethnopedagogical foundations: not only survival skills, but also the skills of creating objects of cultural heritage, up to the New (late XVIII – 1917) and New time (1917 – present), when many ethnopedagogical principles were transformed due to the understanding of the need for the younger generation to study not only their native culture, but also the cultures of other peoples living in the same territory, so that they coexistence was based on respect and concern for each other. The principles of ethnopedagogy are highlighted (labor principle, the principle of family, continuity of upbringing and education, traditionality, conformity to nature, the game principle, the principle of morality, cultural conformity, etc.) and, the conclusion based on the historical analysis of their formation is made: these principles are the basis of modern domestic education system’s successful functioning and development having as a special feature its orientation towards ethnocultural education and upbringing.

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Ф.С. Киреев

В статье анализируются причины возвращения войсковой системы самоуправления Терского казачества и показан сам процесс создания выборности войсковой власти. Актуальность исследования казачьего самоуправления обусловлена необходимостью теоретического обоснования и практического осуществления самоорганизации казачества России. Исторический анализ процесса организации самоуправления Терского казачества на войсковом уровне может послужить фундаментом для лучшего понимания и оценки современных процессов и явлений в казачьей среде и поможет выстраиванию государственной политики в отношении казачества в современной России. В отечественной историографии отсутствуют работы, посвященные конкретно восстановлению выборности власти в Терском казачьем войске. Поэтому научная новизна исследования определяется тем, что впервые предпринята попытка хронологической реконструкции истории создания войсковой системы самоуправления Терского казачества. Методологической основой исследования является принцип историзма, что предусматривает изучение момента возникновения исторического события и этапы его развития. Анализ событий на Тереке в 1917 г. показывает, что терские казаки смогли самоорганизоваться, создать полноценное административно-территориальное образование, и лишь изменение социально-политической ситуации в России в целомпомешало укрепить и продолжить это начинание. Еще необходимо отметить, что терские казаки к моменту восстановления войскового самоуправления подошли уже с готовыми проектами соответствующих документов, что позволило Терскому войску первым среди других войск создать свою выборную власть. Это говорит о высоком интеллектуальном потенциале в среде терских казаков. The article analyzes the reasons for the restoration of the military system of self-government of the Terek Cossacks and shows the very process of creating the elective military power. The relevance of the study of Cossack self-government is due to the need for theoretical justification and practical implementation of the self-organization of the Cossacks of Russia. Historical analysis of the process of organizing self-government of the Terek Cossacks at the military level can serve as a foundation for better understanding and assessment of modern processes and phenomena in the Cossack environment and will help to build state policy towards the Cossacks in modern Russia. In the Russian historiography, there are no works devoted specifically to the restoration of the election of power in the Terek Cossack army. Therefore, the scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to chronologically reconstruct the history of the creation of the military system of self-government of the Terek Cossacks. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of historicism, with its focus on the study of the moment of occurrence of a historical event and the stages of its development. An analysis of the events on the Terek in 1917 shows that the Terek Cossacks were able to organize themselves and create a full-fledged administrative-territorial entity and only a change in the socio-political situation in Russia as a whole was placed, strengthened and continued this initiative. It should also be noted that the Terek Cossacks, by the time of the restoration of military self-government, came up with ready-made drafts of relevant documents, which allowed the Terek army to be the first among other troops to create their own elected power. This indicates a high intellectual potential among the Terek cossacks.


Author(s):  
Judith Felson Duchan ◽  
Susan Felsenfeld

BACKGROUND: Cluttering has been described in the literature on speech disorders for over 300 years. Despite this, it remains a poorly understood condition whose history has not been analyzed as a whole to identify common themes and underlying frameworks. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to identify thematic questions and frameworks contained within the literature on cluttering since the earliest found reference in 1717. METHODS: Information from influential historical and contemporary documents were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the types of questions, both implicit and explicit, that were posed in these materials. This information was ultimately organized into five thematic strands, presented here in the form of key questions. RESULTS: Five questions were derived from our historical analysis: (1) What should the problem be called? (2) What kind of problem is it? (3) What are its defining features? (4) What are its causes? and (5) How should it be treated? The first four questions are discussed in this review. The fifth question will be addressed in a forthcoming paper. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus has been achieved on what to call the disorder (cluttering) and in what domain it should be placed (fluency). Less agreement exists regarding its defining features, causes, and treatment. We propose that alternative conceptual frameworks may be useful in breaking new ground in our understanding and management of this complex condition.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Régine Mydlarski ◽  
Laurie M. Parsons ◽  
Tadeusz A. Pierscianowski ◽  
Shannon Humphrey ◽  
Mark G. Kirchhof ◽  
...  

The specialty of dermatology is constantly changing to meet the medical needs of our society. The discipline is in flux because of a variety of factors such as growing population needs, technological advancements, fiscal restraint, and demographic changes. As part of an in-depth review of the specialty, the Dermatology Working Group (DWG) for the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada sought to determine whether the current training configuration is suitably preparing graduates to meet the societal health needs of dermatology patients. In this first of a 2-part series, the authors conducted comprehensive literature and historical reviews and a jurisdictional analysis to understand the current state of dermatology practice in Canada. Herein, they explore trends in the dermatology workforce, population needs, accessibility, and wait times, as well as issues in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. In a subsequent publication, the DWG will utilize information gained from this historical analysis and jurisdictional review, stakeholder perspectives, and a national survey to shape the future of dermatology training in Canada.


PMLA ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvan Barnet

A study of two motifs—prodigality and time—may help to reveal some of the meanings of The Merchant of Venice. Scornful of generosity, Shylock sees Bassanio and Antonio as prodigals, and thus he resembles somewhat the self-satisfied elder brother of the parable of the Prodigal Son. Bassanio's prodigality is in harmony with time; he does not calculate, as Shylock does, but acts intuitively, and because his wants are “ripe” he reaps a reward. Two examples: though he plans to attend a masque, to the audience's surprise he suddenly seizes the moment and departs for Belmont when the wind changes; at Belmont, in contrast to Morocco and Aragon, who offer reasons for their choices, Bassanio offers no reason for choosing as he does, except that the lead casket “moves” him. Such uncalculated responses to the present moment are fruitful, in contrast to the usurer's calculations about the future, and especially in contrast to the usurer's practice of risking nothing while (in Elizabethan terminology) “selling time.”


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-125
Author(s):  
Mikko Tuhkanen

Taking its cue from recent scholarly work on the concept of time in African American literature, this essay argues that, while both James Baldwin and Malcolm X refuse gradualism and insist on “the now” as the moment of civil rights’ fulfillment, Baldwin also remains troubled by the narrowness assumed by a life, politics, or ethics limited to the present moment. In his engagement with Malcolm’s life and legacy—most notably in One Day, When I Was Lost, his screen adaptation of Malcolm’s autobiography—he works toward a temporal mode that would be both punctual and expansive. What he proposes as the operative time of chronoethics is an “untimely now”: he seeks to replace Malcolm’s unyielding punctuality with a different nowness, one that rejects both calls for “patience,” endemic to any politics that rests on the Enlightenment notion of “perfectibility,” and the breathless urgency that prevents the subject from seeing anything beyond the oppressive system he wants overthrown. Both thinkers find the promise of such untimeliness in their sojourns beyond the United States.


2018 ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Carolyn Miller

This essay examines the temporal structure of George Eliot’s novel The Mill on the Floss (1860) from the perspective of energy and ecology, arguing that Eliot’s well-established interest in epochal shift extends to a searching and prescient inquiry into the temporality of energy and energy regime transition. The novel is set at a water-powered mill in the historical moment that saw an unprecedented energy transition in British industry from water power to coal-fired steam power—the moment that saw the birth of what Andreas Malm calls “the fossil economy”—and it distinguishes between the variant temporalities of these two energy regimes. The essay connects The Mill on the Floss’s dual temporality to our present moment of ecological crisis and its demand that we, as critics, shift not so much from an eco-historicism to an eco-presentism, but toward a temporally doubled methodology that inhabits the present and the past dialectically.


Author(s):  
Silvia DEL SAZ CORDERO

LABURPENA: 1997ko Madrileko Plan Orokorrak babes berezikotzat jotako lur urbanizaezinen desklasifikazioaren baliogabetze judiziala dela eta, lan honek administrazioarekiko auzien epailearen botereak berrikusteko beharra planteatzen du, xedapen edo egintza bat legez kanpokoa dela egiaztatzen duenerako. Hala, ez dute dena delakoa deuseztatzera mugatu behar, epaia ematen denean egoera juridikoa edo faktikoa zein den kontuan hartu behar dute, halako moldez non Administrazioa ez den alferrik behartuko atzeraezina den egoera faktiko bat berritzera edo horri eustera, eta urratutako interesen eta eskubideen babesa epaia betearazteko intzidenterako utziko den, konpentsazio ekonomikoa emanda. RESUMEN: Con motivo de la anulación judicial de la desclasificación de los sectores de suelo no urbanizable de protección operada por el Plan General de Madrid de 1997, este trabajo plantea la necesidad de revisar los poderes del Juez contencioso administrativo cuando constata la ilegalidad de una disposición o acto, los cuales no deben quedarse limitados a la anulación sino, antes al contrario, deben tener en cuenta la situación jurídica o fáctica existente cuando se dicta la sentencia, para evitar los efectos inútiles de una resolución que obligue a la Administración a un esfuerzo inútil de reconstrucción o al mantenimiento de la situación fáctica irreversible desplazando al incidente de ejecución la tutela de los derechos intereses y derechos vulnerados mediante su compensación económica. ABSTRACT: As a result of the judicial annulment of the de-classification of the land protected from urban development by the General Plan of Madrid of 1997, this work shows the need to check the powers of the contentitous administrative judges when verifying the illegality of a provision or act, which cannot confine themselves to the annulment but also, on the contrary, to take into account the legal or factual position that exists at the moment of giving a judgment, in order to avoid useless effects of a resolution that obliges the Administration to a useless effort of rebuilding or to keep an irreversible factual situation moving to the execution the protection of interests and infringed rights by means of an economic compensation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1223-1229
Author(s):  
Daniela Aparecida da Silva ◽  
◽  
Larissa Cristina Oliveira ◽  
Nayara Hakime Dutra Oliveira ◽  
◽  
...  

This article aims to address the FAFAMI Project — Family speaking is familiar — in it’s historicity to the present moment, as a project of teaching, research and extension of the University of São Paulo state (UNESP) in Franca, SP, contributions to the historical moment and to the reality of the families with whom it operates. As this project aims to bring the university closer to the community, trying to themes that are related to the daily life of the families, there was a need to a bibliographical research for reflective notes that contextualize the moment in which we are inserted, the economic, political and social regent system and its implications for society, especially for the working class. And, also, reflect on the role of families in this system, how they are seen, their responsibilities in society, as how they are configured, among other fundamental questions for any analysis of reality.


1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Katz

On the basis of historical analysis, the author suggests that the current educational reform movement may be nearing a close. He cites numerous parallels between contemporary developments and various phases of the mid-nineteenth century and progressive educational reform movements. Underlying the demise of the current movement, the author suggests, has been its inability to face and resolve various unexamined conflicts among leading reform proposals, such as those for compensatory education, integration, decentralization, community control, radical pedagogical reform, and teacher professionalism. In conclusion, the author offers some proposals for the rehabilitation of the reform movement, including the "radical" notion that schools should concentrate on teaching skills and avoid teaching attitudes.


2018 ◽  
pp. 147-166
Author(s):  
Michel Foucault

”What is enlightenment” was originally a lecture Foucault gave at the Collège de France on January 5, 1983. It was published for the first time in The Foucault Reader (1984) and subsequently in the French journal Magazine litteraire in May 1984. Immanuel Kant’s question ”What is enlightenment?” was something that interested Foucault deeply in the last years of his life. Supposedly, he also suggested a smaller conference to discuss the question 200 years after Kant for the first time had tried to answer it in 1784 but the conference never materialized. In this article Foucault reflects on the human being and its relationship to itself as a historical being and how Kant’s text about enlightenment is a question of the present. Enlightenment is to Kant the moment when humanity puts its own reason to use without subjecting itself to authority and to Foucault, Kant’s characterization is an outline of the attitude of modernity and modern philosophy as a way of answering the question: what is enlightenment? To Foucault, this becomes a question of enlightenment and modernity as a permanent critique of the present and of our historical era. This philosophical stance represents a certain attitude, an ethos, where the critique of what we are is at the same time a historical analysis of the limits which are imposed on us and an experiment with the possibility of transgressing them.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document