scholarly journals СЕМАНТИКА ГОРОДСКИХ И СЕЛЬСКИХ ПЕЙЗАЖЕЙ ЛИТВЫ В ДЕТСКОМ СОВЕТСКОМ КИНЕМАТОГРАФЕ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Avanesov ◽  
Ada Bernatonite
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Point ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Soviet Cinema ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Visual Demonstration ◽  
Absolute Identity ◽  
The One ◽  
Italian Architecture

В статье проанализированы специфические причины появления в советских детских фильмах эпизодов, демонстрирующих городские и сельские ландшафты Литвы и создающих особую атмосферу в кадре. Поскольку вильнюсское барокко испытало на себе влияние итальянской архитектуры, то съёмки в Литве создавали в советском кинематографе иллюзию Италии. Ещё одна из причин лежит в плоскости инаковости культуры, внутри которой легко сотворить образ врага. Но вместе с этой крайностью в контексте детского кинематографа лежит и полярно другая целевая причина: визуально продемонстрировать абсолютную идентичность литовского городского пространства российскому, точнее, советскому пространству. Использование ландшафтов литовских городов носило мозаичный характер. Определённые места, которые зритель видит в кадре, по смыслу выполняют иную функцию, нежели та, которая характерна для них в реальности. Городское пространство Литвы в детском советском кинематографе лишено присущей ему семантики. В статье выявляются закономерности, согласно которым авторы фильмов намеренно отказывают в узнаваемости историческим и повседневным объектам этой прибалтийской республики.The article analyzes the specific reasons for the occurrence of episodes demonstrating urban and rural landscapes of Lithuania and creating a distinctive atmosphere within the frame in Soviet children films. Since Vilnius baroque was influenced by Italian architecture, filmmaking in Lithuania created the illusion of Italy for Soviet cinema. Another reason lies in the ground of otherness of the culture, inside which an image of an enemy was easier to create. But along with this extreme point there is another opposite aspect in the context of Soviet children cinematograph – visual demonstration of the absolute identity of Lithuanian urban space to Russian, or, more precisely, Soviet one. The use of Lithuanian cities landscapes was mosaic by its nature. Different meaning, than the one they performed in reality, was attributed to certain places that the audience saw in frames. The urban space of Lithuania in children’s Soviet cinema is devoid of its true meaning. The article reveals those patterns by which filmmakers deliberately refuse to show historical and everyday objects of this Baltic republic in a recognizable way.

Mocking Parades and the Place of Pagan Statuary in Late Antique Alexandria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-288
Author(s):  
Jonathan Stutz
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Mob Violence ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sacred Objects ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

AbstractWith the present paper I would like to discuss a particular form of procession which we may term mocking parades, a collective ritual aimed at ridiculing cultic objects from competing religious communities. The cases presented here are contextualized within incidents of pagan/Christian violence in Alexandria between the 4th and 5th centuries, entailing in one case the destruction of the Serapeum and in another the pillaging of the Isis shrine at Menouthis on the outskirts of Alexandria. As the literary accounts on these events suggest, such collective forms of mockery played an important role in the context of mob violence in general and of violence against sacred objects in particular. However, while historiographical and hagiographical sources from the period suggest that pagan statues underwent systematic destruction and mutilation, we can infer from the archaeological evidence a vast range of uses and re-adaptation of pagan statuary in the urban space, assuming among other functions that of decorating public spaces. I would like to build on the thesis that the parading of sacred images played a prominent role in the discourse on the value of pagan statuary in the public space. On the one hand, the statues carried through the streets became themselves objects of mockery and violence, involving the population of the city in a collective ritual of exorcism. On the other hand, the images paraded in the mocking parades could also become a means through which the urban space could become subject to new interpretations. Entering in visual contact with the still visible vestiges of the pagan past, with the temples and the statuary of the city, the “image of the city” became affected itself by the images paraded through the streets, as though to remind the inhabitants that the still-visible elements of Alexandria’s pagan topography now stood as defeated witnesses to Christianity’s victory.

With the Declining Significance of Labor, Who Is Producing our Global Cities?

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 137-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Global Cities ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
City Life ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
The One ◽  
Urban Commons ◽  
Indian Cities

AbstractThis article engages the question of what happens to labor as Indian cities become transformed into “global cities.” It does so by focusing on the convergence of three interrelated trends over the past few decades: the informalization of labor, the making of global cities, and the financialization of the economy. The article explains the effect on labor, capital, and urban space of this concatenation of trends. It challenges the conclusion of urbanization scholars who emphasize how labor has been largely excluded and bypassed by the growing urban economy. Instead, the article demonstrates, by using nationwide data as well as examples from Bangalore, that as labor is being displaced from formal employment and as wages become compressed, the urban commons is becoming a more valued terrain. On the one hand, displaced urban and rural workers must increasingly rely on subsistence practices and depend more upon the city's public spaces and goods to survive. On the other hand, these spaces, vital to city life, are becoming attractive to indebted municipal governments and aggressive financial investors for their speculative land values, and hence have led to greater insecurity and dispossession. The global city, therefore, is being built in large part with workers' wageless labor. Consequently, the struggle between capital and labor has reached far “beyond the factory” and farm, to the urban commons, sites simultaneously key to the majority's survival and integral to the urban speculative project of financialization.

Owners, creditors and traders: Women in late colonial Calcutta

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-456
Author(s):  
Ishita Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
The One

This article tries to reconstruct the world of the property-owning, mortgage-holding and money-lending women in late colonial Bengal and especially in Calcutta, the commercial capital of British India until the First World War. It argues that as all poor women occupying the urban space were not either sex workers or domestic servants, similarly all middle-class women in colonial Calcutta were not dependent housewives, teachers and doctors. At least a section of them engaged in other gainful economic activities. However, existing scholarship sheds very little light on those women who chose other means of survival than the bhadramahila: those who bought and sold houses, lent money for interest, acquired mortgages, speculated in jute trade and even managed indigenous banking business. Evidence of court records suggests that they, along with the lady teacher, the lady doctor, the midwife and the social worker or later members of political organisations, could be found in considerable numbers in late colonial Calcutta. Due to the enactment of stringent laws to control moneylending, on the one hand, and the commercial decline of Calcutta, on the other hand, these women were possibly driven out of the shrinking market of the 1940s and 1950s.

scholarly journals Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Evaluation System of Rural Landscape Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Tao Hou
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Reduction Degree ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
The One ◽  
Rural Construction

From the construction of “new socialist countryside” to the proposal of “full coverage of village planning,” rural construction has gradually been pushed to a climax. However, the current situation of rural landscape construction in China is not optimistic. On the one hand, the rural landscape deviates from its rural and regional characteristics due to deliberately seeking novelty and differences. Based on these two extreme development trends, this article uses virtual reality technology to construct a rural landscape virtual-roaming system, and randomly select 25 people, each group of 5 people, a total of 3 groups, enter the system in batches with a real reduction degree of 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, and 80% for experimentation and score the system after the experience. The true reduction degree of the first group is 30%; the true reduction degree of the second group is 45%; the true reduction degree of the third group is 60%; the true reduction degree of the fourth group is 75%; and the true reduction degree of the fifth group is 80%. After analyzing the experimental data, it is concluded that when the true reduction degree of the system goes from low to high, people’s satisfaction is higher; when the true reduction degree is as high as 80%, the satisfaction is as high as 9 points; when the true reduction degree of the system goes from low to high, people’s sense of immersion is getting deeper and deeper. When the true reduction degree is 30%, the lowest score for immersion is 1 point; when the true reduction degree is 80%, the lowest score for immersion is 7.5 points; the true reduction of the system decreases from high to low; when it is high, people’s interaction degree becomes stronger and stronger. When the true reduction degree is 30%, the lowest interaction degree score is 2 points; when the true reduction degree is 80%, the lowest interaction degree score is 9 points; it can be seen from this that, with the increase in the degree of realism of the rural landscape virtual-roaming system, it is extremely difficult for people to find whether they are in the virtual or the reality, and their immersion in virtual reality is getting deeper and deeper. This test also confirmed the superiority of the virtual roaming system in rural landscapes, and the experience is extremely effective.

scholarly journals Branding Stratford: Social Representation and the Re-making of Place

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Desiderio
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
London 2012 ◽  
Dialectical Process ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Way

As part of the societal world, architecture and urban space do not have any ‘objective’ quality. They are representations. Their meaning is produced through the negotiation and interaction of individuals, groups and classes. Yet, such ‘subjective’ meanings do have a ‘material’ relevance, as they reflect a dialectical process between the functions, forms, ownership and practices of space. They reveal construal and construction: the way in which architectural spaces are represented on the one hand, and the way in which they are physically constructed and used on the other. Nowhere does this become more evident in our current society than in the arguments around urban renewal and regeneration. The Westfield Stratford City is a typical example. Part of the vast process of the urban regeneration of East London prompted by London 2012 Olympic Games, Westfield is a massive complex of luxury shops, restaurants, bars and five star hotels. It is seen by investors and local and national political authorities as capable of transforming Stratford into a site for shopping, tourism and leisure. It does this in numerous ways, one of which involves reconfiguring the image of the region through the press and media - through visual imagery and linguistic manipulations that promote a neoliberal agenda of gentrification that simultaneously devalue the existent societal structures and communities in the area. This paper offers a Critical Discourse Analysis of the manipulation of Stratford’s image by government, business and the media and suggests that the purely financially motivated misrepresentation it reveals, is typical of the urban regeneration ethos at work across the developed world today.

Diversity As A Unique Constellation of Superimposing Network Logics

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Alain Thierstein ◽  
Anne Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City ◽  
Underlying Processes

In the context of the European city, the regeneration of former industrial sites is a unique opportunity to actively steer urban development. These plots of land gain strategic importance in actively triggering development on the city scale. Ideally, these interventions radiate beyond the individual site and contribute to the strengthening of the location as a whole. International competition between locations is rising and prosperous development a precondition for wealth and wellbeing. This approach to the regeneration of inner city plots makes high demands on all those involved. Our framework suggests a stronger focus of the conceptualization and analysis of idiosyncratic resources, to enable innovative approaches in planning. On the one hand, we are discussing spatially restrained urban plots, which have the capacity and need to be reset. On the other hand, each plot is a knot in the web of relations on a multiplicity of scales. The material city is nested into a set of interrelated scale levels – the plot, the quarter, the city, the region, potentially even the polycentric megacity region. The immaterial relations however span a multicity of scale levels. The challenge is to combine these two perspectives for their mutual benefit. The underlying processes are constitutive to urban space diversity, as urban form shapes urban life and vice versa.

Mega-events and urban development: Olympics and legacies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Roche
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Urban Place ◽  
Place And Space ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
The One ◽  
Mega Event

This chapter explores the ‘material embedding’ of mega-event spectacles in the legacies they leave in host cities which can be of both a negative and positive kind, and consist of the creation of new place and space legacies. These themes are illustrated with reference to the modern Olympics, and particularly in the contemporary period. The chapter’s main focus is on Olympic mega-events as urban ‘place-makers’. That is they often involve new constructions, on the one hand of sports and related event facilities complexes, and on the other hand of community-related developments in housing and places of employment. Since the turn of the millennium they are now effectively required by the IOC bidding system to leave such legacies. The chapter explore such legacies in some detail in the influential case of the Sydney 2000 Olympic project which, in some respects, was understood to represent a ‘model’ for subsequent Olympic cities. The case of the Sydney Olympics is seen to show how mega-events can simultaneously be urban ‘space-makers’ as well as ‘place-makers’. Since Sydney mega-events have often been notably associated with strategically important values and policies of both ‘greening’ and humanising modern urbanisation through the provision of open and green spaces in urban centres.

scholarly journals The Asylum Seekers in Non-Metropolitan Areas in France: Between Temporary Integration and Leading to Autonomy. The Case of the Ambertois Territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Rafik Arfaoui
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Recent Reform ◽  
Utilitarian Approach ◽  
The One

This article focuses on the integration process of people seeking asylum in non-metropolitan areas in France. It conceptualizes the reception of asylum seekers involving two interrelated approaches: the utilitarian approach and the humanitarian approach. This article is based on surveys, participatory and sensitive cartography, and participant observation conducted in the Ambertois territory between 2017 and 2018. I find the Ambertois territory can be considered a “fragile space,” particularly in terms of demographics, with difficulties in maintaining public services. These difficulties are risks for asylum seekers, and are impacting the urban space. These risks are intensified by the national and regional level policies like the recent reform of the asylum and immigration act on the one hand, and the suffering they experienced throughout their migratory journey on the other. Faced with these risks, local synergies, which facilitate the integration of asylum seekers, are emerging from local actors. This integration is temporary and is considered by local actors as leading to the autonomy of asylum seekers.

scholarly journals REPLACEMENT OF URBAN SPACE: ESTONIAN POST-WAR TOWN PLANNING PRINCIPLES AND LOCAL STALINIST INDUSTRIAL TOWNS

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siim Sultson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One

The presented paper focuses on Estonian urban space research concerning both replacement of urban heritage and establishment of new urban design within the period of mid 1940s and 1950s. On the one hand, Stalinist principles brought by Soviet occupation reminded independent Estonian 1930s town planning ambitions. On the other hand, the new principles formulated a new paradigm that was unfamiliar to local urban space tradition. Estonian urban space was compelled to follow the Soviet doctrine by concept, forms and building materials. Sometimes suffering irrational demolitions the towns got axially arranged representative, but perspective and functional plans. Some existing towns (for instance Tallinn, Pärnu, Narva) got new centres due to war wreckages and the ideological reasons. Meanwhile new industrial towns as examples of Stalinist utopia were built in East-Estonia during 1940s–1950s in order to exploit local mineral resources by the Soviet regime. In comparison with Tallinn and Pärnu urban space of East-Estonian industrial towns Kohtla-Järve and classified Sillamäe – designed in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) – still need to be researched. Though different from the rest of Estonian towns by details and materials of façades city-like centres of Sillamäe and Kohtla-Järve are rather similar to Tallinn and Pärnu by their composition.

From spatial value to panopticon: study of organizational changes in riverside areas in Poznań

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1297-1312
Author(s):  
Przemysław Wechta
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Resistance ◽  
The One

PurposeThe aim of the article is to analyze the process of creating spatial value. The object of the analysis concerns the riverside areas of the city of Poznan. The study focuses on spontaneous practices that are outside the legal regulations, thanks to less-visited places which have gained popularity among residents and disciplinary techniques introduced by government officials in response to such activities.Design/methodology/approachAt the theoretical level, the study is primarily based on Florian Znaniecki's spatial value concept and Michel Foucault's concept of power. The empirical research study includes quantitative (questionnaire-based interviews) and qualitative methods (expert interviews and content analysis).FindingsIdentification of the method of creating spatial value which does not require direct financial outlays; determination of disciplinary techniques used by government officials ultimately led to a reduction in the spatial value.Originality/valueThe article reveals the hidden mechanisms of functioning of the authority that defends itself against the reduction of its powers. It is an alternate way of analyzing and interpreting organizational changes in urban space to the one promoted by the Poznan authorities. The results can be used in various ways. Researchers representing the critical trend of urban research can interpret the process of creating spatial value by residents in terms of community, resistance and alternates to the actions of the authorities. From this point of view, the research study is interventional and exposing in nature. On the other hand, for city decision makers allowing the possibility to consume alcohol in a given area can be an effective, low-cost way of revitalizing it. Research can also be useful in assessing the effectiveness of particular disciplinary techniques by public officers.

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