VANET Routing and Trust Model Evaluation Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
. Rakhi ◽  
G. L Pahuja
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Trust Models ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Smart Vehicle

Vehicular ad-hoc network contains of very intelligent vehicles on the pathways and give communication service to the dives in the network or can connect with the roadside devices. In the near future it will provide many service and fast delivery of information with minimal delay. It is the modern technology which is mixing the wireless networking to vehicles. The main goal of the VANET system is to provide uninterrupted connectivity to the vehicular users on road, smart vehicle to vehicle interaction without any interruptions is known as intelligent transportation system (ITS). In this paper, we present a review on the VANET, its trust issues, how routing is done in VANET. Different routing and the type of trust models with which routing takes place are discussed. Comparison of parameter such as throughput, bit-error rate and delay are done on the basis of, with optimization and without optimization according to number of rounds.

Trust Management for VANETs

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
False Information ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Trust Models ◽  
Hoc Networks

An increasingly large number of cars are being equipped with GPS and Wi-Fi devices, forming vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and enabling vehicle to vehicle communication with the goal of providing increased passenger and road safety. However, dishonest peers (vehicles) in a VANET may send out false information to maximize their own utility. Given the dire consequences of acting on false information in this context, there is a serious need to establish trust among peers. This article first discusses the challenges for trust management caused by the important characteristics of VANET environments, and identifies desired properties that effective trust management should incorporate in order to address the challenges. The author then surveys and evaluates existing trust models in VANETs, and points out that none of the trust models has achieved all the properties. Finally, the author proposes some important future directions for research towards effective trust management for VANETs.

scholarly journals A Study on User Recognition Using 2D ECG Image Based on Ensemble Networks for Intelligent Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Min-Gu Kim ◽  
Hoon Ko ◽  
Sung Bum Pan
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Fiducial Point ◽  
Smart Cars ◽  
Near Future ◽  
User Recognition ◽  
Smart Vehicle

IoT enabled smart car era is expected to begin in the near future as convergence between car and IT accelerates. Current smart cars can provide various information and services needed by the occupants via wearable devices or Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication environment. In order to provide such services, a system to analyze wearable device information on the smart car platform needs to be designed. In this paper a real time user recognition method using 2D ECG (Electrocardiogram) images, a biometric signal that can be obtained from wearable devices, will be studied. ECG (Electrocardiogram) signal can be classified by fiducial point method using feature points detection or nonfiducial point method due to time change. In the proposed algorithm, a CNN based ensemble network was designed to improve performance by overcoming problems like overfitting which occur in a single network. Test results show that 2D ECG image based user recognition accuracy improved by 1%~1.7% for the fiducial point method and by 0.9%~2% for the nonfiducial point method. By showing 13% higher performance compared to the single network in which recognition rate reduction occurs because similar characteristics are shown between classes, capability for use in a smart vehicle platform based user recognition system that requires reliability was demonstrated by the proposed method.

scholarly journals Doppler Shift Compensation Schemes in VANETs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nyongesa ◽  
K. Djouani ◽  
T. Olwal ◽  
Y. Hamam
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Shift ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
High Data ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Data Rates

Over the last decade vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication has received a lot of attention as it is a crucial issue in intravehicle communication as well as in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). In ITS the focus is placed on integration of communication between mobile and fixed infrastructure to execute road safety as well as nonsafety information dissemination. The safety application such as emergence alerts lays emphasis on low-latency packet delivery rate (PDR), whereas multimedia and infotainment call for high data rates at low bit error rate (BER). The nonsafety information includes multimedia streaming for traffic information and infotainment applications such as playing audio content, utilizing navigation for driving, and accessing Internet. A lot of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) research has focused on specific areas including channel multiplexing, antenna diversity, and Doppler shift compensation schemes in an attempt to optimize BER performance. Despite this effort few surveys have been conducted to highlight the state-of-the-art collection on Doppler shift compensation schemes. Driven by this cause we survey some of the recent research activities in Doppler shift compensation schemes and highlight challenges and solutions as a stock-taking exercise. Moreover, we present open issues to be further investigated in order to address the challenges of Doppler shift in VANETs.

scholarly journals A Trust-Based Predictive Model for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
K. Divya ◽  
B. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Trust Value ◽  
Trust Models ◽  
Indirect Trust ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of things (IoT) is a heterogeneous network of different types of wireless networks such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), ZigBee, Wi-Fi, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and RFID. To make IoT a reality for smart environment, more attractive to end users, and economically successful, it must be compatible with WSNs and MANETs. In light of this, the present paper discusses a novel quantitative trust model for an IoT-MANET. The proposed trust model combines both direct and indirect trust opinion in order to calculate the final trust value for a node. Further, a routing protocol has been designed to ensure the secure and reliable end-to-end delivery of packets by only considering trustworthy nodes in the path. Simulation results show that our proposed trust model outperforms similar existing trust models.

Reliable Trust Computation model in Vehicular ad-hoc Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sonam Soni
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Computation Model ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Trust Models ◽  
Trust Calculation

This paper concerns about the various implemented work has been studied and analyzed to form a new survey on trust model to VANET. In this paper it is observed that there are lot of new techniques are possible to form a new trust model in VANET to provide better security with trust concern over the entire environment of trust management in VANET. This work concerns of entire trust calculation work which has been done yet over it. Here summarizing the various trust models, various security requirements, issues over it.

scholarly journals Multiobjective Optimized Routing Protocol for VANETs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taqwa O. Fahad ◽  
Abduladhem A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Route Discovery ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Optimal Subset ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Direction Information

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) routing protocols have been attracting a considerable attention of both research and industrial communities, due to their significant role in intelligent transportation system applications. The present paper adopts an optimized integrated multicast, multicriteria, adaptive route lifetime as a routing protocol for VANETs. Whereby only an optimal subset of neighbor vehicles is chosen to relay route request (RREQ) messages based on distance, direction, speed, and future direction information in a combined sender-receiver manner. Among those selected optimal paths for route discovery, the best route with lowest cost will be chosen for forwarding data packets for a specified duration assigned depending on the obtained cost and number of intermediate vehicles of that route. Fuzzy controllers were employed to assess routes’ costs and their lifetimes. Furthermore, artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm was used to concurrently optimize all used fuzzy systems and obtain the optimal highest rank of links’ cost values within which the neighbors could be selected as relay nodes in route discovery process. Simulation results prove that the proposed routing scheme significantly improves the network performance in both urban and highway scenarios, under different situations of vehicle density.

scholarly journals Trust Management in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks and Internet-of-Vehicles

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Ahmad ◽  
Asma Adnane ◽  
Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache ◽  
Virginia N. L. Franqueira ◽  
Fatih Kurugollu
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Trust Models ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) and internet-of-vehicles (IoV) are complex networks which provide a unique platform for vehicles to communicate and exchange critical information (such as collision avoidance warnings) with each other in an intelligent manner. Thus, the information disseminated in the network should be authentic and originated from legitimate vehicles. Creating a trusted environment in the network can enable the vehicles to identify and revoke malicious ones. Trust is an important concept in VANET and IoV to achieve security in the network, where every vehicle equipped with an appropriate trust model can evaluate the trustworthiness of the received information and its sender. This chapter discusses trust in both VANET and IoV and identifies various trust models developed for VANET and IoV. The contribution of this chapter is threefold. First, the authors present a detailed taxonomy of trust models in VANET and IoV. Second, they provide current trends in the domain of trust management specifically for VANET and IoV, and finally, they provide various open research directions.

scholarly journals Towards a Novel Trust-Based Multicast Routing for VANETs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xia ◽  
San-shun Zhang ◽  
Ben-xia Li ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Xiang-guo Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Multicast Routing ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Trust Value ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Control Overhead ◽  
Indirect Trust

The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is an important application area of the Cyber-Physical System (CPS). To further promote effective communication between vehicles, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been widely used in the ITS. However, the communication efficiency in VANETs is not only affected by the external environment but also more vulnerable to malicious attacks. In order to address the above-mentioned issues, we propose a novel trust-based multicast routing protocol (TMR) to defend against multiple attacks and improve the routing efficiency. In the proposed trust model, direct trust is calculated based on Bayesian theory and indirect trust is computed according to evaluation credibility and activity. The fuzzy logic theory is used to fuzzify the direct and indirect trust values, and then the total trust value of the node is obtained by defuzzification. With the help of the obtained trust values, malicious vehicle nodes are eliminated in the processes of route establishment and route maintenance, and finally, the network establishes trusted and efficient routes for data delivery. Comprehensive simulation experiments show that our new protocol can effectively improve the transmission rate of data packets at the expense of a slight increase in end-to-end delay and control overhead.

scholarly journals A Trust-Based Predictive Model for Mobile Ad Hoc Network in Internet of Things

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Alnumay ◽  
Uttam Ghosh ◽  
Pushpita Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Trust Value ◽  
Trust Models ◽  
Indirect Trust ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of things (IoT) is a heterogeneous network of different types of wireless networks such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), ZigBee, Wi-Fi, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and RFID. To make IoT a reality for smart environment, more attractive to end users, and economically successful, it must be compatible with WSNs and MANETs. In light of this, the present paper discusses a novel quantitative trust model for an IoT-MANET. The proposed trust model combines both direct and indirect trust opinion in order to calculate the final trust value for a node. A Beta probabilistic distribution is used to combine different trust evidences and direct trust has been calculated. The theory of ARMA/GARCH has been used to combine the recommendation trust evidences and predict the resultant trust value of each node in multi-step ahead. Further, a routing protocol has been designed to ensure the secure and reliable end-to-end delivery of packets by only considering trustworthy nodes in the path. Simulation results show that our proposed trust model outperforms similar existing trust models.

scholarly journals A Review on Vehicle Classification and Potential Use of Smart Vehicle-Assisted Techniques

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Hoofar Shokravi ◽  
Hooman Shokravi ◽  
Norhisham Bakhary ◽  
Mahshid Heidarrezaei ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Vehicle Classification ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Smart Vehicle ◽  
Monitoring Area

Vehicle classification (VC) is an underlying approach in an intelligent transportation system and is widely used in various applications like the monitoring of traffic flow, automated parking systems, and security enforcement. The existing VC methods generally have a local nature and can classify the vehicles if the target vehicle passes through fixed sensors, passes through the short-range coverage monitoring area, or a hybrid of these methods. Using global positioning system (GPS) can provide reliable global information regarding kinematic characteristics; however, the methods lack information about the physical parameter of vehicles. Furthermore, in the available studies, smartphone or portable GPS apparatuses are used as the source of the extraction vehicle’s kinematic characteristics, which are not dependable for the tracking and classification of vehicles in real time. To deal with the limitation of the available VC methods, potential global methods to identify physical and kinematic characteristics in real time states are investigated. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are networks of intelligent interconnected vehicles that can provide traffic parameters such as type, velocity, direction, and position of each vehicle in a real time manner. In this study, VANETs are introduced for VC and their capabilities, which can be used for the above purpose, are presented from the available literature. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that introduces VANETs for VC purposes. Finally, a comparison is conducted that shows that VANETs outperform the conventional techniques.

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