scholarly journals STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS HYMENOPTERA PARASITOID PADA TUMBUHAN LIAR DI SEKITAR PERTANAMAN PADI DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) CIANJUR, JAWA BARAT

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Yaherwandi Yaherwandi ◽  
S. Manuwoto ◽  
D. Buchori ◽  
P. Hidayat ◽  
L. B. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
West Java ◽  
Parasitoid Community ◽  
Sweep Net

Hymenoptera Parasitoid Community Structure on Non-crops Vegetation Around Rice fields in Cianjur Watershed, West Java. Hymenoptera parasitoids have an important role in agroecosystem because of their ability in suppressing pest population. Their presence in the field is seen as the key to agricultural ecosystem. Their presence can be influenced by the availability of non-crop vegetation. Some adult Hymenoptera parasitoids require food in the form of pollen and nectar of wild flowers to ensure effective reproduction and longevity. The objective of this research was to study Hymenoptera parasitoid communities in non-crop vegetation around rice fields at Cianjur Watershed. Samplings were conducted at three different landscape, i.e. Nyalindung, Gasol and Selajambe West Java. Insects were sampled by two trapping techniques (farmcop and sweep net) in two lines of transect for each landscape. A total of 257 species from 25 families of Hymenoptera parasitoids were collected in non-crop vegetation at Cianjur Watershed. Landscape structure, flowering vegetation, and pesticide application affected the species richness, diversity and evenness of Hymenoptera parasitoid in non-crop vegetation.

scholarly journals Hymenopteran Parasitoid Diversity & Tri-Trophic Interactions: the Effects of Habitat Fragmentation in Wellington, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Franz-Rudolf Schnitzler
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Plant Richness ◽  
Parasitoid Community ◽  
Parasitism Rates

<p>Habitat fragmentation and the resulting decline in biodiversity through the loss of habitat are thought to be the main threat to insect extinctions. According to the trophic level hypothesis, habitat fragmentation affects parasitoids more severely than their herbivorous hosts. Parasitoids also may be correlated with plant species richness, because plants host a variety of phytophagous insects acting as hosts for parasitoids, or plants provide food or act as shelter for parasitoids. In this study, the effects of the forest fragment properties; area, isolation, percentage of residential area surrounding focal fragments and plant richness on parasitic wasps and their interactions were examined. These fragmentation effects were examined in 10 urban native bush remnants in the Wellington and Hutt Valley region of the lower North Island, New Zealand. Fragmentation effects on species abundance, richness and diversity and on community assemblages were examined for the wasp families Ichneumonidae, Pompilidae and Proctotrupidae. Correlations between beta diversity of the plant community and the parasitoid community were analysed and the study investigated whether individual parasitoid occurrences can be predicted by the range of their host's host plants. This study focused on interactions between the kawakawa moth larva Cleora scriptaria, its primary host plant Macropiper excelsum and the parasitism rates by two parasitoids Aleiodes declanae (an endemic species) and Meteorus pulchricornis (an exotic species) and the herbivory caused by C. scriptaria larvae. In addition to interaction responses to forest fragmentation properties, interaction responses were also examined with respect to the properties of the plot and individual plant. Individual species showed different trends in response to the fragmentation properties, making interpretation of a general community response difficult. The abundance, richness and diversity of small-bodied parasitoids were inversely related to increasing area and plant species richness. Parasitoid community composition changed with fragment isolation and plant species richness. Ichneumonidae strongly responded to isolation in one year, whereas the Pompilidae responded to plant species richness. The Proctotrupidae community structure showed no response to any of the fragmentation properties. Correlations between plant and parasitoid community structures were not significant and individual parasitoid-plant associations were weak and inconclusive. Parasitism rates for A. declanae were significantly higher in more isolated fragments with smaller trees, and were negatively affected by overall parasitism rates, more so in isolated fragments. Parasitism rates by M. pulchricornis responded positively to larval densities and declined with increasing plant richness. Herbivory was positively related to the abundance of M. excelsum, tree size and larval density. The current study provides evidence that the forest fragment properties examined are, on their own, not always sufficient predictors of community structure and interactions for parasitoids. Aspects of the results from this thesis conflict with the trophic-level hypothesis with species responding in a negative or positive way, or not responding at all to forest fragmentation effects. The findings of this thesis support to conserving species diversity by maintaining and enhancing all types of existing forest fragments to prevent species extinctions.</p>

scholarly journals Struktur Komunitas Hymenoptera Parasitoid Pada Berbagai Lanskap Pertanian Di Sumatra Barat

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yaherwandi Yaherwandi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Ecosystem Diversity ◽  
Rice Ecosystem

Understanding how the landscape structure affect the interaction between crops, pests and their natural enemies is a complex problem that can significantly impact on the success or failure of insect biological control. Hymenoptera parasitoids are particularly important natural enemies because of their great diversity and effectiveness as agents of biological control. The objective of this research is to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid on some vegetables and rice ecosystem in West Sumatera. Hymenoptera parasitoids were sampled using three trapping techniques (farmcop, insect net and yellow pan trap). Species accumulative curves, Jackknife-1 estimator, and indices of diversity were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were 1522 specimen consist of 22 families and 148 species of Hymenoptera parasitoid on agricultural ecosystem in west Sumatera. Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were dominant Hymenoptera parasitoid family in vegetables ecosystem. Contrast, Mymaridae, Diapriidae, and Eulophidae were dominance of Hymenoptera parasitoid famili in rice ecosystem. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid was influenced by the landscape structure. Species richness and diversity were higher in polyculture ecosystem than monoculture.

scholarly journals Species richness and diversity of aquatic insects inhabiting rice fields in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakhid Wakhid ◽  
Aunu Rauf ◽  
Majariana Krisanti ◽  
I Made Sumertajaya ◽  
Nina Maryana
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
West Java ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity

Abstract. Wakhid, Rauf A, Krisanti M, Sumertajaya IM, Maryana N. 2020. Species richness and diversity of aquatic insects inhabiting rice fields in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 34-42. Rice fields occupy the largest cultivated area in agricultural landscape in Indonesia and support a variety of living organisms, including aquatic insects. This study was conducted with the objective to determine the species richness and diversity of aquatic insects inhabiting rice fields. Sampling was made in March, May, and July 2017 in rice fields at Situgede, Pandansari, and Kawungluwuk (Bogor region, West Java, Indonesia), and carried out by dragging dip net on the bottom along the edge of the rice plots. A total of 3,306 individuals representing 45 species of aquatic insects belonging to 30 genera, 20 families, and seven orders were recorded. Order Hemiptera was the most abundance comprising 28.89% of the total insects collected, followed by Diptera (24.80%), Coleoptera (24.41%), and Odonata (21.42%). Functional feeding group analysis showed that collectors-gatherers had the highest proportion (40 - 46%), followed by predators (23-44%) and scrapers (10-35%). Rank-abundance curve showed low species evenness with the four most abundant species were Micronecta siva (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Micronectidae), Chironomus sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae), Orthetrum sabina (Drury) (Odonata: Libellulidae), and Helochares sp. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). The Shannon-Wiener index showed the lowest value (H’=1.84) at Situgede and the highest (H’=2.05) at Pandansari. Richness estimate and individual-based rarefaction curve revealed that rice fields at Pandansari have more species richness than the other two sites. This study provides some insights into the aquatic insect community of the human-made ecosystem and suggests that the ecological approach to pest management is necessary for maintaining ecosystem health and promoting biodiversity.

scholarly journals Hymenopteran Parasitoid Diversity & Tri-Trophic Interactions: the Effects of Habitat Fragmentation in Wellington, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Franz-Rudolf Schnitzler
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Plant Richness ◽  
Parasitoid Community ◽  
Parasitism Rates

<p>Habitat fragmentation and the resulting decline in biodiversity through the loss of habitat are thought to be the main threat to insect extinctions. According to the trophic level hypothesis, habitat fragmentation affects parasitoids more severely than their herbivorous hosts. Parasitoids also may be correlated with plant species richness, because plants host a variety of phytophagous insects acting as hosts for parasitoids, or plants provide food or act as shelter for parasitoids. In this study, the effects of the forest fragment properties; area, isolation, percentage of residential area surrounding focal fragments and plant richness on parasitic wasps and their interactions were examined. These fragmentation effects were examined in 10 urban native bush remnants in the Wellington and Hutt Valley region of the lower North Island, New Zealand. Fragmentation effects on species abundance, richness and diversity and on community assemblages were examined for the wasp families Ichneumonidae, Pompilidae and Proctotrupidae. Correlations between beta diversity of the plant community and the parasitoid community were analysed and the study investigated whether individual parasitoid occurrences can be predicted by the range of their host's host plants. This study focused on interactions between the kawakawa moth larva Cleora scriptaria, its primary host plant Macropiper excelsum and the parasitism rates by two parasitoids Aleiodes declanae (an endemic species) and Meteorus pulchricornis (an exotic species) and the herbivory caused by C. scriptaria larvae. In addition to interaction responses to forest fragmentation properties, interaction responses were also examined with respect to the properties of the plot and individual plant. Individual species showed different trends in response to the fragmentation properties, making interpretation of a general community response difficult. The abundance, richness and diversity of small-bodied parasitoids were inversely related to increasing area and plant species richness. Parasitoid community composition changed with fragment isolation and plant species richness. Ichneumonidae strongly responded to isolation in one year, whereas the Pompilidae responded to plant species richness. The Proctotrupidae community structure showed no response to any of the fragmentation properties. Correlations between plant and parasitoid community structures were not significant and individual parasitoid-plant associations were weak and inconclusive. Parasitism rates for A. declanae were significantly higher in more isolated fragments with smaller trees, and were negatively affected by overall parasitism rates, more so in isolated fragments. Parasitism rates by M. pulchricornis responded positively to larval densities and declined with increasing plant richness. Herbivory was positively related to the abundance of M. excelsum, tree size and larval density. The current study provides evidence that the forest fragment properties examined are, on their own, not always sufficient predictors of community structure and interactions for parasitoids. Aspects of the results from this thesis conflict with the trophic-level hypothesis with species responding in a negative or positive way, or not responding at all to forest fragmentation effects. The findings of this thesis support to conserving species diversity by maintaining and enhancing all types of existing forest fragments to prevent species extinctions.</p>

scholarly journals Nidicolous beetle species richness is driven by Barn Owl’s nests occupancy and landscape structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Cosandey ◽  
Robin Séchaud ◽  
Paul Béziers ◽  
Yannick Chittaro ◽  
Andreas Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Nest Material ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Barn Owls

AbstractBird nests are specialized habitats because of their particular composition including nest detritus and bird droppings. In consequence, they attract a specialized arthropod community considered as nidicolous, which includes species only found in bird nests (strictly nidicolous) or sometimes found in bird nests (facultatively nidicolous). Because the factors influencing the entomofauna in bird nests are poorly understood, in autumn 2019, we collected nest material in 86 Barn Owl (Tyto alba) nest boxes. We investigated whether the invertebrate species richness was related to Barn Owl nest box occupancy, the density of available nest boxes and the landscape structure. We found 3,321 nidicolous beetle specimens belonging to 24 species. Species richness of strictly nidicolous beetles was 2.7 times higher in nest boxes occupied by a family of Barn Owls the previous spring compared to unoccupied nest boxes. It was also higher in sites that were more often occupied by Barn Owls in the five previous years and in areas surrounded by a higher proportion of crop fields. For facultatively nidicolous beetles, the density of Barn Owl nest boxes enhanced the species richness. In conclusion, our study suggests that the strictly nidicolous beetles benefit from occupied nest boxes of Barn Owls, whereas facultatively nidicolous beetles look for nest boxes independently of whether Barn Owls occupy them. Our study highlights the importance of bird nests for a suite of invertebrates.

scholarly journals Effect of fire on a monodominant floating mat of Cyperus giganteus Vahl in a neotropical wetland

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rocha ◽  
CC. Santos Júnior ◽  
GA. Damasceno-Júnior ◽  
VJ. Pott ◽  
A. Pott
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
Cyperus Giganteus ◽  
Pantanal Wetland ◽  
Floating Mat ◽  
Adult Plants

The rhizomatous Cyperus giganteus, abundant in the Pantanal wetland, can dominate extense floodable areas as monodominant communities. The Jacadigo lake has a large area of C. giganteus, where we performed an evaluation on community structure during two months in 2010, before it was hit by a wildfire which top-killed the vegetation, compared to ten months post-fire. We utilized 40 plots of 1m × 1m, along permanent trails, assessing two strata: the upper, near the inflorescence of adult plants, and the lower, close to the water level. Our results show that fire does not affect dominance of C. giganteus, as it maintained the same cover as before fire; species richness is not much altered either - 28 before fire and 34 thereafter. Fire changed the floristic composition, due to the annual variation of species and the ability of some plants to colonize gaps and to regrow after fire from underground organs and seeds. The stratification of the vegetation with characteristic species of upper and lower strata was similar after fire.

scholarly journals Community structure of arboreal and soil-dwelling arthropods in three different rice planting indexes in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tili Karenina ◽  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
Chandra Irsan ◽  
Yulia Pujiastuti ◽  
Hasbi Hasbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Sogatella Furcifera ◽  
Pardosa Pseudoannulata ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Predatory Arthropods

Abstract. Karenina T, Herlinda S,  Irsan C, Pujiastuti Y, Hasbi, Suparman, Lakitan B, Hamidson H, Umayah A. 2020. Community structure of arboreal and soil-dwelling arthropods in three different rice planting indexes in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4839-4849.  Differences in the index of rice planting can cause differences in the structure of the arthropod community. This study aimed to characterize the community structure of the arboreal and soil-dwelling arthropods in the three different rice planting indexes (PI) in the freshwater swamps of South Sumatra.  Sampling of the arthropods using D-vac and pitfall traps was conducted in the three different rice planting, namely one (PI-100), two (PI-200), and three (PI-300) planting indexes of the rice. The results of the study showed that the dominant predatory arthropod species in the rice fields were Pardosa pseudoannulata, Tetragnatha javana, Tetragnatha virescens, Pheropsophus occipitalis, Paederus fuscipes, and the dominant herbivorous insects were Leptocorisa acuta, Nilavarpata lugens, and Sogatella furcifera. The abundance of arboreal predatory arthropods was the highest in the PI-300 rice and the lowest in the PI-100 rice.    The abundance of soil-dwelling arthropods was the highest in the rice PI-100, and low in the rice PI-200 and PI-300, but the rice PI-100 had the highest abundance of the herbivorous insects. The rice PI-300 was the most ideal habitats to maintain the abundance and the species diversity of the arboreal predatory arthropods. Thus, the rice cultivation throughout the year was profitable in conserving and maintaining the abundance and species diversity of the predatory arthropods.

scholarly journals Do syntopic host species harbour similar symbiotic communities? The case ofChaetopterusspp. (Annelida: Chaetopteridae)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temir A. Britayev ◽  
Elena Mekhova ◽  
Yury Deart ◽  
Daniel Martin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Symbiotic Community

To assess whether closely related host species harbour similar symbiotic communities, we studied two polychaetes,Chaetopterussp. (n = 11) andChaetopteruscf.appendiculatus(n = 83) living in soft sediments of Nhatrang Bay (South China Sea, Vietnam). The former harboured the porcellanid crabsPolyonyxcf.heokandPolyonyxsp., the pinnotherid crabTetriassp. and the tergipedid nudibranchPhestillasp. The latter harboured the polynoid polychaeteOphthalmonoe pettiboneae, the carapid fishOnuxodon fowleriand the porcellanid crabEulenaios cometes, all of which, exceptO. fowleri, seemed to be specialized symbionts. The species richness and mean intensity of the symbionts were higher inChaetopterussp. than inC.cf.appendiculatus(1.8 and 1.02 species and 3.0 and 1.05 individuals per host respectively). We suggest that the lower density ofChaetopterussp. may explain the higher number of associated symbionts observed, as well as the 100% prevalence (69.5% inC.cf.appenciculatus). MostChaetopterussp. harboured two symbiotic species, which was extremely rare inC.cf.appendiculatus, suggesting lower interspecific interactions in the former. The crab and nudibranch symbionts ofChaetopterussp. often shared a host and lived in pairs, thus partitioning resources. This led to the species coexisting in the tubes ofChaetopterussp., establishing a tightly packed community, indicating high species richness and mean intensity, together with a low species dominance. In contrast, the aggressive, strictly territorial species associated withC.cf.appendiculatusestablished a symbiotic community strongly dominated by single species and, thus, low species richness and mean intensity. Therefore, we suggest that interspecific interactions are determining species richness, intensity and dominance, while intraspecific interactions are influencing only intensity and abundance. It is possible that species composition may have influenced the differences in community structure observed. We hypothesize that both host species could originally be allopatric. The evolutionary specialization of the symbiotic communities would occur in separated geographical areas, while the posterior disappearance of the existing geographical barriers would lead to the overlapped distribution.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ECHINODERMS (ASTEROIDEA, OPHIUROIDEA, ECHINOIDEA AND HOLOTHUROIDEA) IN THE MARINE NATIONAL PARK EAST SULAWESI WAKATOBI

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Yusron
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level ◽  
Richness Index

A study on Echinoderms community structure in marine national parks of Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi was conducted in six locations, i.e., Waha Beach, Coastal Sombo, Beach Houses, Beach Kapota, Banakawa beach, and Umala beach in October 2013. All of the six parks were located the Wakatobi territorial waters with coordinates of 5°06'25" S and 123°124'10 E. The results showed of 18 species of echinoderms representing six different types of Asteroidea, two types of Ophiuroidea, six types of Echinoidea, and four types of Holothuroidea. Group of starfish or Asteroidea was the most prominent on seagrass area. Based on the six transects sites, it turned out that the group of starfish (Asteridea) occupied a relatively high level of species richness. From the quantitative analysis values, we obtained diversity index (H) of 1.105 in Sombu, the highest evenness index (J) of 0.989 was found in Umala, and the highest species richness index values (D) of 0.132 was obtained in kapota. It seemed that all echinoderm groups were generally like seagrass microhabitat (12 types). While, sand and dead coral habitats were only occupied by 8 (eight) echinoderm groups. Keywords: echinoderms, diversity, Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi

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