scholarly journals Pengaruh Torefaksi terhadap Sifat Kimia Pelet Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Irma Thya Rani ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
Indra Gumay Febryano ◽  
Dewi Agustina Iryani ◽  
Agus Haryanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Furnace ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Slow Heating ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Ft Ir

ABSTRACT  Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the agricultural biomass. Palm oil solid waste that is relatively easy to find is empty fruit bunches (EFB). EFB biomass is converted into pellets to get a uniform size, then heated through torrefaction into bioenergy so that its utilization is more optimal and can increase economic value. Torrefaction is slow heating of biomass with a temperature range of 200oC-300oC with a state of little oxygen or without oxygen. Torrefaction was carried out using an electric furnace with a target temperature of 280oC and a duration of 20 minutes. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of torrefaction on the chemical properties of EFB pellets. The results of this study are hemicellulose and cellulose decreased by 0,58% - 0,77%, this happens because hemicellulose and cellulose are degraded with increasing temperature and time of torrefaction. This is confirmed by changes in the line spectrum for FT-IR analysis where C-O, C=C, C-H, and O-H experience changes in the line spectrum that indicate changes in chemical composition. while lignin increased after torrefaction by 2,71%. Water content in EFB pellets decreased by 0,65%, while EFB pellets without treatment (control) by 14,95% after torrefaction became 22,70%. The volatile content of EFB control pellets was 69,55% after torrefaction to 61,21% so that the fixed carbon content of EFB control pellets was 10,03% and EFB pellets after torrefaction became 14,23%. The heat value of EFB pellets before torrefaction is 15,82 MJ/kg, and after torrefaction, the heating value increases to 18,28 MJ/kg so that it reaches the standard requirements of SNI 8675: 2018 as biomass pellets. Torrefaction pellets from EFB can provide a large increase in the quality of the bioenergy chemical properties. Biomass torrefaction is very suitable for combustion in power plants and home industries. Keywords:Chemical composition, FTIR,oil palm empty fruit bunches, torrefaction ABSTRAK Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) merupakan salah satu biomassa hasil pertanian. Limbah padat perkebunan sawit yang relatif mudah dijumpai ialah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Biomassa TKKS dikonversikan menjadi pelet untuk mendapatkan ukuran yang seragam, kemudian ditorefaksi untuk digunakan sebagai bioenergi sehingga pemanfaatannya lebih optimal dan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi. Torefaksi merupakan pemanasan biomassa secara perlahan dengan kisaran suhu 200oC – 300oC dengan keadaan sedikit oksigen bahkan tanpa oksigen. Torefaksi dilakukan menggunakan electric furnace dengan target suhu 280oC dan durasi selama 20 menit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh torefaksi terhadap sifat kimia pelet TKKS. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah kadar hemiselulosa dan selulosa menurun sebesar 0,58% - 0,77% hal tersebut terjadi karena hemiselulosa dan selulosa terdegradasi seiring dengan peningkatan suhu dan waktu torefaksi. Hal tersebut diperkuat dengan perubahan gugus fungsi terhadap analisis FT-IR dimana gugus C-O, C=C, C-H, dan O-H mengalami perubahan spektrum garis pita yang menandakan adanya perubahan komposisi kimia. Sedangkan kadar lignin meningkat setelah torefaksi sebesar 2,71%. Kadar air pada pelet TKKS menurun sebesar 0,65 %, sedangkan abu pelet TKKS tanpa perlakuan (kontrol) sebesar 14,95% setelah tertorefaksi menjadi 22,70. Zat terbang pelet TKKS kontrol sebesar 69,55% setelah tertorefaksi menjadi 61,21% sehingga diperoleh nilai karbon terikat pelet TKKS kontrol sebesar 10,03% dan pelet TKKS yang tertorefaksi sebesar 14,23%. Nilai kalor pelet TKKS sebelum torefaksi sebesar 15,82 MJ/kg, dan setelah torefaksi nilai kalor meningkat menjadi 18,28 MJ/kg sehingga memenuhi SNI 8675:2018 pelet biomassa. Pelet TKKS yang tertorefaksi dapat memberikan peningkatan besar dalam kualitas sifat kimia bioenergi. Biomassa yang tortorefaksi sangat cocok untuk pembakaran di pembangkit listrik dan industri.  Kata Kunci:  FTIR,komposisi kimia,tandan kosong kelapa sawit, torefaksi

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bioaktivator Untuk Pengomposan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Zainudin Zainudin ◽  
Abdul Rofik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
A Value

Palm oil is an export commodity of the plantation sector which began to develop rapidly in East Kalimantan with an area until 2017 reaching 1,192,342 Ha consisting of 284,523 Ha as plasma / smallholder plants, 14,402 Ha owned by SOEs as the core and 893,417 Ha owned by Large Private Plantation.Empty bunches (Tankos) are solid waste that is produced by palm oil mills in the process of managing palm fruit bunches into crude palm oil (CPO). In each processing 1 ton of fruit bunches will produce Tankos as much as 21-23%. Oil palm empty fruit bunches that are not managed properly will become waste that does not provide benefits. Compost technology using a local microorganism starter (MOL) can be used to produce quality organic fertilizer considering the process involves decomposing bacteria of organic ingredients. Compost technology from tankos waste is very possible to be developed, both at the level of farmers and private oil palm companies. This study aim to determine the potential of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as an bioactivator for composting oil palm empty fruit bunches, and to determine the chemical quality of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost with MOL bioactivator liquid waste as organic fertilizer. Through this research, it is expected that the palm oil mill's liquid waste can be utilized as a bioactivator for compost production and can be applied to the production of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost.This research was conducted for one year. The stages of the research are as follows: 1. Chemical analysis of POME waste, 2. Making LM POME, 3. Chemical analysis of LM POME, and 4. Making EFB Compost, and Chemical Analysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost. Compost making using randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications include: P0 = 0 ml / liter of water, P1 = 100 ml / liter of water, P2 = 300 ml / liter of water, P3 = 600 ml / liter of water, P4 = 900 ml / liter of water.The analysis showed that there was an increase in the chemical properties of POME after becoming an LM POME activator. Increased chemical properties such as phosphorus from 0.01 to 0.02, potassium from 0.19 to 0.27, and organic carbon from 0.90 to 1.30, but some chemical properties such as pH decreased from 7.20 to 3, 37 and nitrogen decreased from 0.37 to 0.05. The EFB compost analysis results showed that the highest pH was p2 with a value of 8.23, the highest organic C at p4 treatment with a value of 57.65, the highest total N at p3 with a value of 1.80, P2O5 the highest total at p3 with a value of 0.64, and the highest total K2O at p4 with a value of 2.68. 

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kualitas Pelet Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit melalui Torefaksi Menggunakan Reaktor Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
Irma Thya Rani ◽  
Tri Yulianto ◽  
Indra Gumay Febryano ◽  
Dewi Agustina Iryani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches (EFB) have not been utilized optimally. Currently, it is considered as a resource with low economic value. This biomass can be converted into bioenergy through a torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis at temperatures ranging between 200 and 300 °C, and it is generally performed under an inert atmosphere. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of torrefaction using Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB) on the properties of oil palm EFB pellets. Torrefaction was conducted at 280 °C temperature with a residence time of 4 minutes. The results showed a decrease in the equilibrium moisture content and an increase in hydrophobicity after torrefaction using the COMB reactor. The change in the hygroscopic property could make the oil palm EFB pellet more stable against chemical oxidation and microbial degradation, hence self-heating and auto-ignition during storage could be prevented. The heating value of biomass increased after torrefaction. Torrefaction with the COMB reactor resulted in a heating value of 17.90 MJ/kg, which is comparable with the results of oxidative torrefaction (with longer residence time) of 18.28 MJ/kg. The results suggested that torrefaction using the COMB reactor could provide a great improvement in the quality of the bioenergetic properties of oil palm EFB pellets. However, the high ash content of the EFB pellets implied that the EFB pellets suitable for a small-scale application, but not yet for cofiring in power plants or as a feedstock for gasification.Keywords: Counter-Flow Multi Baffle; oil palm empty fruit bunches; renewable; torrefactionA B S T R A KTandan kosong kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Saat ini bahan tersebut masih dianggap sebagai sumber daya bernilai ekonomi rendah. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dapat dikonversi menjadi bioenergi melalui proses torefaksi. Torefaksi merupakan proses pirolisis ringan pada suhu berkisar antara 200 dan 300 °C dan umumnya dilakukan di bawah kondisi inert. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh torefaksi dengan reaktor Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB) terhadap sifat-sifat pelet TKKS. Torefaksi dilakukan pada suhu 280 °C dengan waktu tinggal 4 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa torefaksi menyebabkan penurunan kadar air kesetimbangan dan menjadi hidrofobik setelah torefaksi dengan reaktor COMB. Perbaikan sifat higroskopis dapat membuat pelet TKKS lebih stabil terhadap oksidasi kimia dan degradasi mikroba, sehingga pemanasan sendiri dan pembakaran spontan selama penyimpanan dapat dicegah. Nilai kalor biomassa meningkat setelah torefaksi. Torefaksi dengan reaktor COMB menghasilkan nilai kalor 17,90 MJ/kg, yang sebanding dengan hasil torefaksi oksidatif dengan waktu tinggal lebih lama, sebesar 18,28 MJ/kg. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa torefaksi dengan reaktor COMB dapat meningkatkan kualitas energi pelet TKKS. Tetapi pelet TKKS masih memiliki kadar abu yang tinggi sehingga biomassa hasil torefaksi belum sesuai untuk cofiring di pembangkit listrik atau sebagai bahan baku untuk gasifikasi.Kata kunci: Counter-Flow Multi Baffle; tandan kosong kelapa sawit; terbarukan; torefaksi 

scholarly journals STUDI ISOLASI DAN RENDEMEN LIGNIN DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmaja Simatupang ◽  
Andi Nata ◽  
Netti Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Ft Ir

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by the palm oil industry that contain lots of fiber. Based from its chemical composition, TKKS has the potential to be used as a source of chemicals that lignin. Lignin can be used commercially as binders, adhesives, fillers, surfactants, polymer products, dispersants and other chemicals. This study used fiber powder TKKS cleared of extractive substances to extract them using benzene: 96% ethanol (2:1, v / v) for 6 hours. Fiber powder is then cooked with a variety of cooking 1,2,3 hours with the addition of NaOH variation of 10%, 15%, and 20% to obtain the black liquor, black liquor and dilution variations during lignin isolation. The results showed that the optimum yield of lignin obtained is 16.42% with 84.21% purity lignin in cooking 2 hour treatment with the addition of 20% NaOH and diluting the black liquor 1:2. The test results showed FT-IR has wavelengths lignin constituent functional groups in according with the standard lignin.

scholarly journals A preliminary study of the physico-chemical properties and fatty acid profile of five palm oil genotypes cultivated in Northeast of Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Katarynna Santos de Araújo ◽  
Sérvulo Mercier Siqueira e Silva ◽  
Leonardo Devilles dos Santos ◽  
Carolina Barbosa Malafaia ◽  
Mariana Oliveira Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Increasing Demand

The palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is widely produced in the Brazilian Amazon region; however, the expansion of its cultivation to other environments is mandatory to attend the increasing demand of the industry, especially in the food and biodiesel fields. This study aimed to analyze the lipid profile and physicochemical characteristics of crude palm oil obtained from different palm genotypes cultivated in Goiana-PE, Northeast of Brazil. All genotypes showed high oil yield (> 60%). Lipid profile showed that the palmitic and linoleic acids were predominant in the oil (about 80%). Iodine and saponification index ranged from 50.2 to 55.3g I2.100 g-1 and 184.3 to 185.4 mg KOH.g-1 of oil, respectively. Saponification and iodine levels also showed similar values among the studied genotypes. Acid and peroxide indexes presented values within the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). BRS C7201 genotype presented more attractive and viable results for its cultivation and development in the studied area.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KATALIS NaOH PADA PROSES ISOLASI LIGNIN DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Masdayani Rambe ◽  
Andi Nata ◽  
Netti Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Ft Ir

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by the palm oil industry that contain lot of fibers. Based from its chemical composition, TKKS has the potential to be used as a source of chemicals that lignin. Lignin can be used commercially as binders, adhesives, fillers, surfactants, polymer products, dispersants and other chemicals. This study used fiber powder TKKS cleared of extractive substances to extract them using benzene: 96% ethanol (2:1, v / v) for 6 hours. Fiber powder is then cooked with a variety of cooking 1,2,3 hours with the addition of NaOH variation of 10%, 15%, and 20% to obtain the black liquor, black liquor and dilution variations during lignin isolation. The results showed that the optimum yield of lignin obtained is 16.42% with 84.21% purity lignin in cooking 2 hour treatment with the addition of 20% NaOH and diluting the black liquor 1:2. The test results showed FT-IR has wavelengths lignin constituent functional groups in according with the standard lignin.

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN KOMPOS TKKS DAN COCOPEAT PADA TANAH SUBSOIL ULTISOL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DI PRE NURSERY

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
SIZIKO ANDRI ◽  
NELVIA NELVIA ◽  
SUKEMI INDRA SAPUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
The University

Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a plantation crop which is quite important in Indonesia because it accounts for foreign exchange and create employment that is high enough. Palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFB) is estimated at 20% of fresh fruit bunches ( FFB ) and coco in (cocopeat) are very much in Riau as raw material for fertilizer / compost. Subsoil ultisol a bottom layer of soil with sufficient depth within therefore very potential as a medium of palm oil nursery but has a low fertility signified by the nature of physics, chemistry and biology poor. Organic matter such as EFB compost and cocopeat can improve physical, chemical and biological subsoil ultisol. The research aimed to study the effect of EFB compost , cocopeat and a mixture of both the subsoil ultisol medium on the growth of palm oil seedlings in pre nursery. The study was conducted at the experimental station of Agriculture Faculty of the University of Riau from June to August , 2015. Research conducted an experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments (K0 : without treatment , K1 : 100 g cocopeat , K2 : 100 g compost EFB , K3 : 50 g compost EFB + 50 g cocopeat , K4 : 75 g of compost EFB + 25 g cocopeat and K5 : 25 g compost cocopeat EFB + 75 g per plant) each repeated 4 times. The results showed treament EFB compost 50 g and cocopeat 50 g produce in the growth palm oil seedlings better than the other treatments on medium subsoil ultisol in pre nursery.

The Analysis of Potential of Straw Mushroom Development by Using Empty Fruit Bunches Material in Lampung Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarono Sarono
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Straw Mushroom

The empty fruit bunches (EFB) are by-product of crude palm oil (CPO) production, and it is not widely used optimally. One of products produced from EFB with development potentials is straw mushroom. The objective of this research was to analyze the potentials of EFB material and straw mushroom based on EFB material in Lampung province. The result showed that the EFB potential in Lampung province was 111,144 ton annually and straw mushroom was 4,835 ton annually. The biology efficiency ratio of EFB into straw mushroom in production scale was averagely 3.93%. Districts having potentials for developing straw mushroom business by using EFB material were Mesuji, Middle Lampung, Tulang Bawang, Way Kanan, and North Lampung.

KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA CUKA KAYU DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Karima
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
And Chemical Properties

There’s so many pal solid waste or palm empty fruit bunches, but the utilization is not maximized, this research its to optimized utilization of palm solid waste to be wood vinegar and want to know the composition physical properties and chemical properties of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches. Total yield of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches its 15,94 % and total yield of charcoal its 64,58 %. GCMS result showing chemical properties from wood vinegar of burning < 100oC its obtained 19 compound and burning >100 oC its obtained 6 compound. The result physichal properties testing from crued wood vinegar its obtained specific gravity 1,0005 and 1,0010, pH value are 3,233 and 3,186, TAT content are 9,36 % and 11,12 %, phenol content its 0,44 %. The result physical properties testing from wood vinegar which has decolorizatin by activated carbon its obtained specific gravity are 0,9987 and 0,999, pH value are 3,036 and 3,012, TAT content are 8,29 % and 9,27 % and phenol content its 0,01 %.Keywords: palm bunches, wood vinegar, liquid smoke

Light- or Dark-Colored, L-DOPA-Based Melanins

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Vercruysse ◽  
Margaret M. Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Signature ◽  
Ft Ir

<p>This report is a continuation of previous research on the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated synthesis of melanin-like pigments. We synthesized and characterized L-DOPA-based pigments using air- or H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated<sub> </sub>oxidation. We compared their physic-chemical properties and evaluated their capacity to affect the interleukin release from immune cells. The use of higher concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> resulted in melanin-like materials with a distinct chemical signature in their FT-IR spectra and a lighter color. All pigments enhanced the interleukin release from immune cells. The possibility that lighter-colored melanins can be generated is discussed in the context of the importance of melanin-based pigmentation in human physiology.</p>

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