scholarly journals PRESERVING IDENTITY OF HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENTS IN SIBERIA: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 03-13
Author(s):  
Daria Belova ◽  

Introduction: Currently, the projects related to the development of identical historical environments in Siberia, Russia, are predominately inconsistent. Yet there is an opportunity to find a more holistic approach to sustaining local heritage, which could address local cultures and identities through an understanding of how the location, as well as specific spatial and architectural practices, evolve. Purpose of the study: The study aimed to establish a theoretical and methodological framework for sustaining the local identity in architectural terms. Methods: According to the methodological recommendations of Groat and Wang, such methods as critical literature review and logical argumentation were used. Results: The research came to the conclusion that the city identity can be unfolded through two or more congruent layers of existence. This study deals with architectural heritage and society as two types of such layers. It suggests that the local identities of historical environments could be sustained by a combination of the following methods: 1) looking to the past, through analyzing the city’s fabric and searching for “social traces” and semiotic meanings; 2) looking to the future, through using participatory design methods. This methodology should be further tested on specific historical environments in Siberia. The critical literature review will provide researchers and practitioners in the field with a fundamental theoretical framework.

Author(s):  
Роман Владимирович Евстифеев

В статье представлена интерпретация исследования городских идентичностей гг. Владимира, Смоленска, Ярославля с точки зрения описания основных целей, акторов и механизмов конструирования городских идентичностей. Проблема управляемости развитием локальных идентичностей и конструирования локальных идентичностей является одним из актуальных вопросов как теории, так и практики управления городскими сообществами. Автором проведена теоретическая рефлексия понятия городской локальной идентичности, понимаемой в статье как психосоциальный комплекс человека, задающий эмоционально важное для него самосоотнесение с какой-либо группой / общностью, а также определяющий правила поведения людей в этой группе, правила приема людей в группу и исключения из нее, критерии различения «свой / чужой» для данной группы. Результаты исследования позволили выделить основные элементы городской локальной идентичности: значимые места (включая периферию и символический центр); представления о локальной, средне- и крупномасштабной географии; значимые люди города («пантеон» героев — реальных и мифических); представления горожан о своем городе; представления горожан о самих себе; представления о структуре сообщества (ядро, границы, страты, сегменты); ритуалы воспроизводства идентичности. Описанные элементы городских идентичностей существуют скорее как конструкт, чем как субъект городской жизни. Для обретения городской идентичностью субъектности необходимы особые усилия, своеобразная активация, предпринятая политически активной частью жителей города. В статье предложена примерная модель конструирования городской идентичности: развитие городского сообщества, выработка социального «софта» для взаимодействия друг с другом, формирование независимого интеллектуального пространства с альтернативными конкурирующими «пакетами» интересов, публичное выражение интересов, создание коалиций, конкуренция и продвижение своей повестки в поле публичной политики. Исследование показало, что типичным актором конструирования городской идентичности выступает городская власть, аффилирующая или нивелирующая попытки граждан и их объединений участвовать в этом процессе. Основным механизмом конструирования городских идентичностей является деятельность в символической сфере, направленная на переопределение и переинтерпретацию прошлого и настоящего городского сообщества. Главным фактором конструирования городских идентичностей оказывается такой ресурс, как интеллектуальное осознание и осмысление особенностей города и городского сообщества; при этом развитие городских идентичностей, пусть даже и конструируемых доминирующими группами, приводит к формированию субъектности разнообразных групп и, соответственно, к конфликтам в борьбе за ценности. Конфликтогенный характер развития коллективных идентичностей порождает запрос на политику идентичности, направленную не только на конструирование городской идентичности, но и на раскрытие возможностей позитивного взаимодействия различных идентичностей. The article presents an interpretation of the study of city identities of the cities of Vladimir, Smolensk, and Yaroslavl in terms of describing the main goals, actors, and mechanisms for designing city identities. The problem of manageability of the development of local identities and the designing of local identities is one of the pressing issues of both the theory and practice of city community management. The author carried out a theoretical reflection on the concept of city local identity, understood as a psychosocial complex of a person that sets an emotionally important person’s self-relation to a group/community and determines the rules of people’s behavior in this group, the rules for admitting people to the group and expelling from it, the criteria for distinguishing “friends” and “foes" for the group. The results of the study made it possible to identify the main elements of city local identity: significant places (including the periphery and the symbolic center); ideas about local, medium- and large-scale geography; significant people of the city (“pantheon” of heroes—real and mythical); residents’ representations about their city; residents’ representations about about themselves; ideas about the structure of the community (core, borders, strata, segments); rituals of identity reproduction. The described elements of urban identities exist as a construct created by researchers rather than as a subject of city life. In order for a city identity to acquire subjectivity, special efforts are needed form the politically active part of the city residents. The article proposes an approximate model for designing the city identity: development of the city community; development of social “software” for interaction with each other; formation of an independent intellectual space with alternative competing “packages” of interests; public expression of interests on discussion platforms; creation of coalitions; competition; and promotion of one’s own agendas in the field of public policy. The study shows that a typical actor in the construction of city identity is the city government, which welcomes or rejects the attempts of the citizens and their associations to participate in the construction. The main mechanism for designing city identities is the activity in the symbolic sphere aimed at redefining and reinterpreting the past and present city community. Thus, the main factor in the construction of city identities is the resource of intellectual awareness and understanding of the characteristics of the city and city community; at the same time, the development of city identities, even when constructed by dominant groups, leads to the formation of the subjectivity of diverse groups and, consequently, to conflicts in the struggle for values. The conflicting nature of the development of collective identities raises a demand for an identity policy aimed not only at constructing a city identity, but also at revealing the possibilities of a positive interaction between different identities.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Cecília Avelino Barbosa

Place branding is a network of associations in the consumer’s mind, based on the visual, verbal, and behavioral expression of a place. Food can be an important tool to summarize it as it is part of the culture of a city and its symbolic capital. Food is imaginary, a ritual and a social construction. This paper aims to explore a ritual that has turned into one of the brands of Lisbon in the past few years. The fresh sardines barbecued out of doors, during Saint Anthony’s festival, has become a symbol that can be found on t-shirts, magnets and all kinds of souvenirs. Over the year, tourists can buy sardine shaped objects in very cheap stores to luxurious shops. There is even a whole boutique dedicated to the fish: “The Fantastic World of Portuguese Sardines” and an annual competition promoted by the city council to choose the five most emblematic designs of sardines. In order to analyze the Sardine phenomenon from a city branding point of view, the objective of this paper is to comprehend what associations are made by foreigners when they are outside of Lisbon. As a methodological procedure five design sardines, were used of last year to questioning to which city they relate them in interviews carried in Madrid, Lyon, Rome and London. Upon completion of the analysis, the results of the city branding strategy adopted by the city council to promote the sardines as the official symbol of Lisbon is seen as a Folkmarketing action. The effects are positive, but still quite local. On the other hand, significant participation of the Lisbon´s dwellers in the Sardine Contest was observed, which seems to be a good way to promote the city identity and pride in their best ambassador: the citizens.


Author(s):  
Shajeea Shuja ◽  
Rabela Junejo

After 1857, when India became a direct colony of the British Crown, was the architectural style adopted by the colonial masters an attempt at subverting the local identity and reasserting their supremacy via architecture or was its purpose to engage their institutions with their context? Was the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture anachronistic and reductive in nature or was it a way to draw on the past? What role did the Jeypore Portfolio play in negotiating colonial intent by appropriating traditional building culture? How did Bhai Ram Singh mediate an identity for 19th century Lahore by contextualizing Indo-Saracenic architecture? This exploratory study attempts to answer these questions using existing literary sources and by considering buildings designed by Bhai Ram Singh in the city of Lahore. The paper also critically evaluates the agency of the Jeypore Portfolio for Indo-Saracenic architecture, how it reduced the centuries-old local building tradition to a limited palette of details, and Bhai Ram Singh’s attempts to re-inform it from the native’s perspective.


Streets in heritage cities are vital elements of public realm system and become a showcase for many celebrations. They not only function as pathways for movement of vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists supporting many societal and occupational activities, but they serve as the places of congregation as well. In India the streets are inherently a place where people meet, congregate, celebrate and also carry business. Each community has its own distinct occasions during which streets becomes the logical setting for people to gather and celebrate. In case of historic streetscapes, they are the carters of histories, with immeasurable evidence about the past events. The city of Mysore has many traditional streetscapes in the historic core exhibiting not only enormous architectural heritage but also has cultural significance. Ashoka Street Precinct, which was historically associated with cultural celebrations like Mysore Dasara during which the spectacular procession took place is situated in the heart of the city. With the shift of these celebrations to an alternative path, the street seems to be losing its’ heritage character and glory, though it is associated with many heritages building and precincts, and due recognition. Hence, it needs to be assessed with respect to the character and the physical quality in order to address the street precincts through the course of dereliction and transformation under the scenario of global change which is the inevitable occurrence everywhere. The paper explores the connection and disconnection between the old and the new and examines the process of physical transformation of Ashoka road precinct from being as a cultural street to a commercial street. The study is based on field work, observations, photo documentation and visual assessment. The streetscape analysis, issues and strategies including the measures proposed would aid the authority in formulation and implementation of streetscape guidelines resulting in improving of heritage character of the street precinct.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Gang-Hoon Seo

AbstractOver the past several decades, airlines have formed and participated in international alliances to seek competitive advantages. However, it is still unclear whether airlines obtain substantial competitive advantages through an international alliance and how to measure the competitive advantages of alliances and airlines. This study presents a critical literature review as a contribution to comprehensive and novel empirical researches in the future.


Author(s):  
Ariadna Gassiot Melian ◽  
Raquel Camprubí

Tourism accessibility has emerged as a topic to be discussed and studied by both academics and professionals. In this line, museums have started to adapt their offer to their diverse audience, including people with disabilities and people with special needs. In this regard, museum websites, as a powerful information channel to promote visitation, must also be adapted to make its information accessible. Therefore, this chapter aims at exploring accessibility and accessible information of museums' websites using a holistic approach. As a case study, 45 museums in the city of Barcelona are considered and accessibility of tourism websites is assessed by means of content analysis, taking as reference four categories and 36 items that have emerged from previous literature review. Findings reveal that museums websites are still far from being considered accessible, and improvements in several areas are required.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Antony Hembrow

<p>On the 22nd of February, 2011 the city of Christchurch, New Zealand was crippled by a colossal earthquake. 185 people were killed, thousands injured and what remained was a city left in destruction and ruin. Thousands of Christchurch properties and buildings were left damaged beyond repair and the rich historical architecture of the Canterbury region had suffered irreparably.  This research will conduct an investigation into whether the use of mixed reality can aid in liberating Christchurch’s rich architectural heritage when applied to the context of destructed buildings within Christchurch.  The aim of this thesis is to formulate a narrative around the embodiment of mixed reality when subjected to the fragmentary historical architecture of Christchurch. Mixed reality will aspire to act as the defining ligature that holds the past, present and future of Christchurch’s architectural heritage intact as if it is all part of the same continuum.  This thesis will focus on the design of a memorial museum within a heavily damaged historical trust registered building due to the Christchurch earthquake. It is important and relevant to conceive the idea of such a design as history is what makes everything we know. The memories of the past, the being of the now and the projection of the future is the basis and fundamental imperative in honouring the city and people of Christchurch. Using the technologies of Mixed Reality and the realm of its counter parts the memorial museum will be a definitive proposition of desire in providing a psychological and physical understanding towards a better Christchurch, for the people of Christchurch.  This thesis serves to explore the renovation possibilities of the Canterbury provincial council building in its destructed state to produce a memorial museum for the Christchurch earthquake. The design seeks to mummify the building in its raw state that sets and develops the narrative through the spaces. The design intervention is kept at a required minimum and in doing so manifests a concentrated eloquence to the derelict space. The interior architecture unlocks the expression of history and time encompassed within a destructive and industrialised architectural dialogue. History is the inhabitant of the building, and using the physical and virtual worlds it can be set free.  This thesis informs a design for a museum in central Christchurch that celebrates and informs the public on past, present and future heritage aspects of Christchurch city. Using mixed reality technologies the spatial layout inside will be a direct effect of the mixed reality used and the exploration of the physical and digital heritage aspects of Christchurch. The use of technology in today’s world is so prevalent that incorporating it into a memorial museum for Christchurch would not only be interesting and exploratory but also offer a sense of pushing forward and striving beyond for a newer, fresher Christchurch. The memorial museum will showcase a range of different exhibitions that formulate around the devastating Christchurch earthquake. Using mixed reality technologies these exhibitions will dictate the spaces inside dependant on their various applications of mixed reality as a technology for architecture. Research will include; what the people of Canterbury are most dear to in regards to Christchurch’s historical environment; the use of mixed reality to visualise digital heritage, and the combination of the physical and digital to serve as an architectural mediation between what was, what is and what there could be.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Forina Lestari ◽  
Melasutra MD Dali ◽  
Norbani Che-Ha

The development of place branding has increased in various parts of the world. Competition in attracting investment, tourists, and other resources encourages city managers to think hard in order to be able to sell their potentials and uniqueness. Local identity is considered as one of the uniqueness that may attract people and money. This study will focus on the extent to which local characteristics and culture of the local community are considered in the formation of the city identity. The study undertook a content analysis of around thirty literature of city branding development in Indonesia, both national and international journals, to gain insight into the particular issue. The results of the study show that the imagery of cities in Indonesia is generally still limited to the formation of slogans and logos, which pay little attention to the cultural elements and aspirations of the local community. As a result, several cities had to replace their slogan and logo within a few years due to public criticism.


Author(s):  
F. Trizio ◽  
C. Mileto ◽  
F. J. Torrijo Echarri ◽  
M. Lidón de Miguel

Abstract. Alzira, the capital of the Ribera del Júcar, has historically played a prominent role within the Comunitat Valenciana. The first settlement of the city dates back to the Moorish domination, and after the Reconquista, together with Xativa, Alcoi and Elx, it became one of the main cities of the ancient Reino de Valencia. Its architectural heritage is a witness of this remarkable past, including the glorious example of the Moorish wall, built almost entirely using the technique of rammed earth. Throughout history, the Moorish wall and the entire architectural heritage of Alzira have suffered extensive damage due to multiple factors, including neglect, wars and numerous floods. Throughout history, floods have had a significant impact on the architectural and cultural heritage of the city, as chronicled at the time, given that until the 1960s, the historic centre was surrounded by the two branches of the river Júcar. This study aims to analyse the response of earthen architecture to flooding, assessing its resilience and vulnerability through the analysis of the case of the city of Alzira and, in particular, of its historic centre. The research will therefore investigate the adaptation of earthen architecture and traditional techniques to floods. The recognition of these good practices used in the past and the establishment of a level of risk will be crucial to developing measures for the prevention and mitigation of the effects of floods, such as structural reinforcements and protective devices.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Antony Hembrow

<p>On the 22nd of February, 2011 the city of Christchurch, New Zealand was crippled by a colossal earthquake. 185 people were killed, thousands injured and what remained was a city left in destruction and ruin. Thousands of Christchurch properties and buildings were left damaged beyond repair and the rich historical architecture of the Canterbury region had suffered irreparably.  This research will conduct an investigation into whether the use of mixed reality can aid in liberating Christchurch’s rich architectural heritage when applied to the context of destructed buildings within Christchurch.  The aim of this thesis is to formulate a narrative around the embodiment of mixed reality when subjected to the fragmentary historical architecture of Christchurch. Mixed reality will aspire to act as the defining ligature that holds the past, present and future of Christchurch’s architectural heritage intact as if it is all part of the same continuum.  This thesis will focus on the design of a memorial museum within a heavily damaged historical trust registered building due to the Christchurch earthquake. It is important and relevant to conceive the idea of such a design as history is what makes everything we know. The memories of the past, the being of the now and the projection of the future is the basis and fundamental imperative in honouring the city and people of Christchurch. Using the technologies of Mixed Reality and the realm of its counter parts the memorial museum will be a definitive proposition of desire in providing a psychological and physical understanding towards a better Christchurch, for the people of Christchurch.  This thesis serves to explore the renovation possibilities of the Canterbury provincial council building in its destructed state to produce a memorial museum for the Christchurch earthquake. The design seeks to mummify the building in its raw state that sets and develops the narrative through the spaces. The design intervention is kept at a required minimum and in doing so manifests a concentrated eloquence to the derelict space. The interior architecture unlocks the expression of history and time encompassed within a destructive and industrialised architectural dialogue. History is the inhabitant of the building, and using the physical and virtual worlds it can be set free.  This thesis informs a design for a museum in central Christchurch that celebrates and informs the public on past, present and future heritage aspects of Christchurch city. Using mixed reality technologies the spatial layout inside will be a direct effect of the mixed reality used and the exploration of the physical and digital heritage aspects of Christchurch. The use of technology in today’s world is so prevalent that incorporating it into a memorial museum for Christchurch would not only be interesting and exploratory but also offer a sense of pushing forward and striving beyond for a newer, fresher Christchurch. The memorial museum will showcase a range of different exhibitions that formulate around the devastating Christchurch earthquake. Using mixed reality technologies these exhibitions will dictate the spaces inside dependant on their various applications of mixed reality as a technology for architecture. Research will include; what the people of Canterbury are most dear to in regards to Christchurch’s historical environment; the use of mixed reality to visualise digital heritage, and the combination of the physical and digital to serve as an architectural mediation between what was, what is and what there could be.</p>


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