Myinkaba village Bagan: The Resilience of Traditional Knowledge and Culture | ပုဂံမြင်းကပါ (သို့) ယဉ်ကျေးမှု ဓလေ့ရိုးရာအသိပညာ၏ ကြံ့ကြံ့ခံနိုင်စွမ်း

The distinct traditional knowledge and culture of Myinkaba (ancient Anuradha) village at Bagan is closely linked to its port location and ecology on the Ayeyarwaddy River. Myinkaba has smelting and production evidence from the first millennium CE in seven glass/glaze kilns, with beads traded along the river. Beads, potsherds and finger-marked bricks suggest it may be one of the earliest villages of Bagan. Its historical architecture includes the rare Nanphaya sandstone temple with images of Brahma. Other significant traits of Myinkaba include the large seasonal lake or inn gyi, silica-rich sand deposits and bamboo. Particular bamboo species are used in Myinkaba’s lacquer industry with bamboo also essential for making mats, house sidings and baskets. The traditional knowledge of the lacquer arts, bamboo crafts, crop and water management, and paper puppet making and cultivation are passed on through apprenticeship informed by knowledge of the local environment. While the absence of tourists during the Covid-19 period has brought much lacquer production to a standstill, making vessels for local religious and domestic uses has continued. The bamboo products and trade market has stayed stable with local workshop owners providing free food and half-wages to the labours. Active pagodas have been secure with the donation from pilgrims and online gifting. As part of the UNESCO World Heritage site, the ancient remains are preserved by the Department of Archaeology but as this paper describes, this works together with community protection of traditional knowledge. The social identity as Myinkaba natives, the unique local and natural resources, have supported local pride and resilience for more than a thousand years.

The Ruins of Eloquence

<p>On the 22nd of February, 2011 the city of Christchurch, New Zealand was crippled by a colossal earthquake. 185 people were killed, thousands injured and what remained was a city left in destruction and ruin. Thousands of Christchurch properties and buildings were left damaged beyond repair and the rich historical architecture of the Canterbury region had suffered irreparably. This research will conduct an investigation into whether the use of mixed reality can aid in liberating Christchurch’s rich architectural heritage when applied to the context of destructed buildings within Christchurch. The aim of this thesis is to formulate a narrative around the embodiment of mixed reality when subjected to the fragmentary historical architecture of Christchurch. Mixed reality will aspire to act as the defining ligature that holds the past, present and future of Christchurch’s architectural heritage intact as if it is all part of the same continuum. This thesis will focus on the design of a memorial museum within a heavily damaged historical trust registered building due to the Christchurch earthquake. It is important and relevant to conceive the idea of such a design as history is what makes everything we know. The memories of the past, the being of the now and the projection of the future is the basis and fundamental imperative in honouring the city and people of Christchurch. Using the technologies of Mixed Reality and the realm of its counter parts the memorial museum will be a definitive proposition of desire in providing a psychological and physical understanding towards a better Christchurch, for the people of Christchurch. This thesis serves to explore the renovation possibilities of the Canterbury provincial council building in its destructed state to produce a memorial museum for the Christchurch earthquake. The design seeks to mummify the building in its raw state that sets and develops the narrative through the spaces. The design intervention is kept at a required minimum and in doing so manifests a concentrated eloquence to the derelict space. The interior architecture unlocks the expression of history and time encompassed within a destructive and industrialised architectural dialogue. History is the inhabitant of the building, and using the physical and virtual worlds it can be set free. This thesis informs a design for a museum in central Christchurch that celebrates and informs the public on past, present and future heritage aspects of Christchurch city. Using mixed reality technologies the spatial layout inside will be a direct effect of the mixed reality used and the exploration of the physical and digital heritage aspects of Christchurch. The use of technology in today’s world is so prevalent that incorporating it into a memorial museum for Christchurch would not only be interesting and exploratory but also offer a sense of pushing forward and striving beyond for a newer, fresher Christchurch. The memorial museum will showcase a range of different exhibitions that formulate around the devastating Christchurch earthquake. Using mixed reality technologies these exhibitions will dictate the spaces inside dependant on their various applications of mixed reality as a technology for architecture. Research will include; what the people of Canterbury are most dear to in regards to Christchurch’s historical environment; the use of mixed reality to visualise digital heritage, and the combination of the physical and digital to serve as an architectural mediation between what was, what is and what there could be.</p>

The Ruins of Eloquence

<p>On the 22nd of February, 2011 the city of Christchurch, New Zealand was crippled by a colossal earthquake. 185 people were killed, thousands injured and what remained was a city left in destruction and ruin. Thousands of Christchurch properties and buildings were left damaged beyond repair and the rich historical architecture of the Canterbury region had suffered irreparably. This research will conduct an investigation into whether the use of mixed reality can aid in liberating Christchurch’s rich architectural heritage when applied to the context of destructed buildings within Christchurch. The aim of this thesis is to formulate a narrative around the embodiment of mixed reality when subjected to the fragmentary historical architecture of Christchurch. Mixed reality will aspire to act as the defining ligature that holds the past, present and future of Christchurch’s architectural heritage intact as if it is all part of the same continuum. This thesis will focus on the design of a memorial museum within a heavily damaged historical trust registered building due to the Christchurch earthquake. It is important and relevant to conceive the idea of such a design as history is what makes everything we know. The memories of the past, the being of the now and the projection of the future is the basis and fundamental imperative in honouring the city and people of Christchurch. Using the technologies of Mixed Reality and the realm of its counter parts the memorial museum will be a definitive proposition of desire in providing a psychological and physical understanding towards a better Christchurch, for the people of Christchurch. This thesis serves to explore the renovation possibilities of the Canterbury provincial council building in its destructed state to produce a memorial museum for the Christchurch earthquake. The design seeks to mummify the building in its raw state that sets and develops the narrative through the spaces. The design intervention is kept at a required minimum and in doing so manifests a concentrated eloquence to the derelict space. The interior architecture unlocks the expression of history and time encompassed within a destructive and industrialised architectural dialogue. History is the inhabitant of the building, and using the physical and virtual worlds it can be set free. This thesis informs a design for a museum in central Christchurch that celebrates and informs the public on past, present and future heritage aspects of Christchurch city. Using mixed reality technologies the spatial layout inside will be a direct effect of the mixed reality used and the exploration of the physical and digital heritage aspects of Christchurch. The use of technology in today’s world is so prevalent that incorporating it into a memorial museum for Christchurch would not only be interesting and exploratory but also offer a sense of pushing forward and striving beyond for a newer, fresher Christchurch. The memorial museum will showcase a range of different exhibitions that formulate around the devastating Christchurch earthquake. Using mixed reality technologies these exhibitions will dictate the spaces inside dependant on their various applications of mixed reality as a technology for architecture. Research will include; what the people of Canterbury are most dear to in regards to Christchurch’s historical environment; the use of mixed reality to visualise digital heritage, and the combination of the physical and digital to serve as an architectural mediation between what was, what is and what there could be.</p>

Revitalization of Residential Buildings Dating Back to the Late 19th and Early 20th Century on the Example of “Willa Halina” in Sopot (Poland)

Residential buildings dating back to the late 19th and early 20th century constitute an important element of the urban composition of many European cities, often determining their overall spatial expression. These buildings often require revitalization and sometimes also reconstruction or extension. Such activities make it possible to restore historical buildings to their former glory, but also to create new architecture, inscribed in the context of the place, yet bearing witness to modern times. Revitalization of historically and architecturally valuable but technically degraded residential buildings is one of the important elements of maintaining and sometimes rebuilding the image of modern cities and their sustainable development. However, revitalization activities require solving many problems of conservational nature, especially issues related to preserving the authenticity of the existing tissue, ways of reconstructing lost elements, and connecting historical architecture with contemporary architecture. Historic residential buildings of Sopot, a city located in Poland on the shores of the Baltic Sea, dating back to the late 19th and early 20th century, provide excellent research material for such considerations. In the article, the historical center of Sopot was examined, with particular emphasis on the historic Willa Halina from 1896 located there, which was revitalized (according to the design of the author of the article). Using such research methods as analysis of historical source material (iconography), observation (operationalization of preserved historical objects), comparative analysis of contemporary investments, and analysis of the revitalization design of “Willa Halina”, an attempt was made to present spatial and technical solutions leading to the desired effects in the revitalization process. This work aims to show (on the example of Willa Halina in Sopot) the author’s method of revitalizing valuable, historical residential buildings, complying with international conservation standards, including the Venice Charter, adopted in 1964 by the Second International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historical Monuments. The paper also aims to present spatial and technical solutions leading to desired effects in the revitalization process, consistent with the idea of sustainable development.

MULTIFUNCTIONAL 3D MODEL FOR THE FARNESE THEATRE IN PARMA

Modern surveying technologies allow to obtain a digital copy of cultural assets, which can be more or less adherent to reality. When 3D reconstruction concerns historical architecture, it is necessary to deal with a series of issues that may concern choosing of the most suitable survey methodologies, processing of acquired data, management of large amounts of data, making data always upgradable and easily editable, etc. By addressing these issues in advance and adopting an extremely interdisciplinary approach in the entire process, it is possible to identify the best methodologies to use in order to achieve a versatile 3D model.This paper describes an ongoing research aimed at the creation of a multifunctional digital model of one of the most important 17th century wooden theatres in Europe, the Farnese Theatre in Parma. The main aim is to generate a tool able to respond simultaneously to the different needs that have arisen in recent years, mostly related to the documentation, preservation, valorization and dissemination of knowledge about the monument. This article describes the project and the adopted methodology, focusing mainly on survey and modeling phases. Particular attention will also be paid to the process of reconstruction of the original decorations of the proscenium, completely lost after an Allied air raid in 1944. The illustrated methodologies define a possible workflow to be adapted in other similar contexts. Finally, possible uses of the generated model will be also briefly illustrated.

A tale of the new and the old: renovation of Yong’an Warehouse at Yangpu waterfront, Shanghai

The urban riverside space of Shanghai is transforming. How to renovate industrial heritage buildings to renew their vitality while retaining their historical memories and integrate them into the contemporary cityscape and today’s urban lifestyle is a common challenge encountered by contemporary architects. This article takes the renovation of Yong’an Warehouse as an example to showcase a typical heritage conservation project’s design process. The architects took different approaches to accommodate the different statuses of the twin buildings of the Yong’an Warehouse, seeking to create a symbiotic twin relationship between the past and the present. This project adopted a conservation and utilisation approach that involves multilateral participation, emphasising value-oriented mythology, and providing an alternative thread for the renovation of historical architecture.

Historical Preservation in Rust-Belt China: The Life and Death of Jihong Bridge in Harbin

This article examines how China’s rust-belt cities deploy historical preservation for urban revitalization. Drawing upon fieldwork interviews and online debates, it investigates the preservation battle over Jihong Bridge in Harbin in northeast China. Built by Russian settlers in the early 20th century, Jihong Bridge symbolizes the birth of Harbin as a railway city, but a century later, it stood in the way of the local government’s ambitious plan for building high-speed rail. The municipal government elevated the bridge, significantly modifying its structure to allow high-speed trains to pass underneath. The renovation was heavily criticized by local preservationists, who invoked the government’s own preservation regulations to try to save the bridge. The study highlights the dilemma faced by local governments of rust-belt cities, as they are caught between the desire to deploy historical architecture for city branding and competing priorities of infrastructure investment.

GIS-technologies in the specific features of development planning in large cities of Europe in the XVIII - XIX centuries

Аbstract. Problem. The article reveals the use of knowledge of astronomy in engineering calculations when planning urban development in the 18th - 19th centuries. Goal A solar calculator from the SunCalc program was used in the study. It was proved by the example of the ancient buildings of St. Peter's Square in the Vatican that architects in ancient times madeaccurate calculations for the planning of streets and cities and used astronomical knowledge Thanks to the use of modern GIS technologies, it has become possible in our time to superimpose the existing buildings on a satellite image of the territory of the ancient buildings and see that the line of St. Peter's Square completely coincides with the line of the sun, directed at the vernal equinox - March 22. Methodology. The building line of the square - the beginning and end of the buildings, consisting ofcolumns, coincides with the line of the sun's rays directed to the days of the summer and winter solstices. This suggests that the architectural planning of the development of ancient cities was carried out with calculations according to the laws ofthe ecliptic, with knowledge of physical and mathematical calculations and all streets and arched vaults were aimed at the passage of sunlight on certain days in certain places, as if illuminating buildings and squares. Modern urban developmentplanning should be carried out using GIS technologies and mathematical modeling. Results Modern urban development must take into account historical architecture, areas of historical events and protected areas. The stylistics in the design must berepeated and the development planning must be carried out in a single architectural ensemble of the city. This will attract tourists and financial investments to us.