scholarly journals Intersex in the Age of Queer Bioethics

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Emma Tunstall ◽  
Sarah Kay Moore ◽  
Lance Wahlert
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Ambiguous Genitalia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Major Aspect ◽  
Queer Bioethics ◽  
Lesbian Parents ◽  
Transgender Youth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pediatric Ethics

Queer Bioethics and the inventory of its potential populations include a wide range of queer subjects: lesbian parents, HIV-positive gay and bisexuals, transgender youth, and non-cisgendered individuals, to name a few. With the ethical dilemmas and ethical duties couched inside of a Queer Bioethics in mind, this article will consider one of the field’s most enduring citizens: the intersex child. More specifically, the figure of the intersex child with ovotesticular non-normativity will be scrutinized on ethical and clinical planes – a major aspect of queer bioethics is, after all, clinical ethics for queer populations. Ovotesticular conditions will be covered at length; we discuss different variations in addition to narrowing the topic to those with 46,XX and ambiguous genitalia, specifically those 75% diagnosed under the age of 20, and speak on issues related to this population. We will also briefly discuss the population of the 20% diagnosed under the age of 5 years old. Interventions will be discussed in all realms of intersex conditions – specifically ovotestes. We will conclude with a principalist approach to ethical topics such as autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence, weighing these principles equally and ultimately erring on the side of autonomy within pediatric ethics where possible.

The Bio/Necropolitics of ACTG 076: Lessons from Pregnant Women of Colour Living with HIV for Treatment for Prevention in the Twenty-first Century

Somatechnics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-253
Author(s):  
Eli Manning
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
First Century ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Aids Clinical Trials ◽  
Living With Hiv

Since the pharmaceutical turn, using HIV treatment to prevent transmission is increasingly common. Treatment as Prevention®, or TasP, has relied on HIV treatment to prevent HIV transmission, targeting people living with HIV. However, TasP is predicated on troublesome heterosexist, classist, and racist medical practices borrowed from various times and spaces that enact biopolitical and necropolitical relations. This paper discusses the debate surrounding the first clinical trial that used HIV treatment to prevent transmission from woman-to-foetus. The 1994 landmark AIDS Clinical Trials Group 076 study laid the groundwork for using HIV treatment to prevent HIV transmission, the essential precursor to TasP. By examining the concerns of HIV positive women of colour and other AIDS activists, we are able to understand the ethical dilemmas and practical consequences that still haunt today's game-changing uses of HIV treatment for prevention and to see how biopolitics and necropolitics persist in TasP.

Tuberculosis in HIV Seropositive Individuals—A Retrospective Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Tomlinson ◽  
F Moss ◽  
M McCarty ◽  
D Mitchell ◽  
J Main ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Aids Diagnosis ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

A retrospective analysis of all culture-positive cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HIV positive individuals, over a 5 year period, revealed 18 cases, drawn from a population of approximately 1500. The prevalence of culture proven M. tuberculosis over the 5 year period was therefore 1.2% and was strongly associated with either a concomitant, or a subsequent, AIDS diagnosis. Sixty-one per cent had pulmonary tuberculosis, 17% had both extra-pulmonary and pulmonary infection and 22% had extra-pulmonary infection alone. Although a wide range of radiological abnormalities was seen, segmental consolidation was the commonest, occurring in 57% of cases. Only 55% of the specimens were positive on initial stains for M. tuberculosis, with a mean duration of 4 weeks to become culture positive, emphasizing that early diagnosis rests on clinical suspicion.

scholarly journals The placebo effect

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundararajan Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common

The placebo effect is a fascinating phenomenon in clinical practice. Studies have shown that there is a significant placebo effect in a wide range of medical conditions including psychiatric disorders. This article looks at the background of the placebo effect, defines the common terms used, describes the various hypotheses that have been put forward to explain this seemingly inexplicable phenomenon and also covers the issue of using placebos in research trials, highlighting the important ethical dilemmas involved. Throughout, specific emphasis is given to psychiatry.

Clinical ethics and law in health care system

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Gorea
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Complete Cure ◽  
Law And Ethics ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Right

Different situations arise while treating the patients when there are ethical dilemmas to give one or other type of treatment or not to do anything. Sometimes doctors and nurses consider that what is good for the patient must be done because the patient does not understand the situation and consequences. This may lead to complete cure and patient usually goes back to home happily but sometimes a complication may occur and the patient may sue the health care providers. When such situations are analyzed then principles of ethics and law are considered to see if any of these have been violated or not to reach the conclusion. In this study principles of law and ethics of treatment have been discussed to reach the right conclusion; which will be helpful in situations where there are ethical dilemmas during the treatment.

Ethical Dilemmas Related to the HIV-Positive Person in the Workplace

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annatjie Botes ◽  
Marianne Otto
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
South African ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Positive Person ◽  
Occupational Health Nurse ◽  
Rational Interaction

This study’s objectives were: (1) to describe and explore the ethical dilemmas surrounding the HIV-positive person in the workplace in South Africa; and (2) to describe the Rational Interaction for Moral Sensitivity (RIMS) approach as a possible mechanism for solving these ethical dilemmas. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research design was used. The target populations were HIV-positive employees and occupational health nurses working for a South African company. Data collected through individual HIV-positive employee interviews and occupational health nurse workgroups were analysed. The ethical dilemmas were conceptualized and described within the theoretical framework of the principles of ethics, namely, autonomy, beneficence, justice and confidentiality. To elicit a solution to the dilemmas, the data were recontextualized using the RIMS approach, a group decision-making strategy designed for the business environment.

scholarly journals Carpal tunnel syndrome in HIV-positive patients coinfected with HCV

Reumatismo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
A. Mastroianni ◽  
F. Allegrini ◽  
S. Nardi ◽  
D. Donatucci ◽  
F. Girelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rheumatic Manifestations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease ◽  
Living With Hiv

A wide range of rheumatic and peripheral nervous system disorders may develop in patients with HIV infection, leading to pain, sensory symptoms, and muscle weakness. Over the past three decades, the progress in management of HIV disease with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in increased life expectancy for people living with HIV disease. With this new chronicity of the disease has a constellation of chronic musculoskeletal, orthopaedic and rheumatic manifestations has emerged, as potential complications of the disease itself and/or the results of ART treatment regimen and/or because of expected age-related symptoms/manifestations. The incidence of CTS in the general population is around 3.8% with clinical examination and, when electroneuromyography is used, it is 2.7%. In the HIV-positive population, the incidence is very close to that of the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of CTS and to identify factors influencing the development of CTS in HIV-infected patients attending our clinic. This syndrome has been associated with advanced HIV disease and the use of ART possibly due to an increased inflammatory state and the presence of concurrent HCV infection.

An introduction to clinical ethics in psychiatry

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Gwen Adshead ◽  
Jeremy Cave
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
Clinical Ethics Committee ◽  
Ethics In Psychiatry

SUMMARYThe Royal College of Psychiatrists’ continuing professional development (CPD) module on clinical ethics in psychiatry by Pearce & Tan describes some common ethical dilemmas in psychiatric practice and the work of clinical ethics committees in analysing these dilemmas. In this article we build upon their work and offer additional exploration of the nature of ethical dilemmas in psychiatry. We also build upon the models of reasoning that are described in the module and suggest ways for psychiatrists to think about ethical dilemmas when a clinical ethics committee is not available.

Fear and Loathing in the ED: When Staff Are Afraid to Provide Compassionate Care

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Robey ◽  
Jay M. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Opiate Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Individual Capacity ◽  
Opiate Use Disorder ◽  
Opiate Drug

Opiate use disorder has a wide range of physical and social complications that often present first in the emergency department. Physiological dependence may interfere with a patient’s own attempts to detox from opiate drug use. As a result, emergency providers are faced with difficulty discerning an opiate-dependent patient’s genuine intent, especially when he or she is experiencing withdrawal. Seemingly paternalistic actions may be justified when the patient’s stated goals of “getting clean” conflict with his or her more urgent demands for opiates to end debilitating withdrawal symptoms. Individual capacity may be compromised by drug dependence. Novel approaches adapted to the emergency setting, such as medication-assisted therapy (MAT) with buprenorphine induction can help patients suffering from opiate withdrawal and mitigate conflict that may occur when patients feel undertreated by typical pharmacological approaches to withdrawal. Clinical, mental health, and legal options exist to help treat opiate withdrawal, but their applications are not without ethical dilemmas.

scholarly journals Ethical standards for the occupational health-nursing practitioner regarding the HIV positive person in the workplace

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
M Otto ◽  
A C Botes
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Positive Person ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
Occupational Health Nursing

The occupational health-nursing practitioner often becomes involved in ethical dilemmas with regard to the handling of HIV-positive people in the workplace in that the interests of the HIV-positive people conflict with the interests of the employer.OpsommingDie beroepsgesondheidsverpleegkundige raak dikwels in etiese dilemmas betrokke ten opsigte van die hantering van die MIV-positiewe persoon by die werkplek deurdat die belange van die MIV-positiewe persoon botsend is met die belange van die werkgewer. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

scholarly journals Peripheral haematological manifestations in HIV infection and its relation to CD4 count

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Jain ◽  
Amit A. Singh ◽  
Pratap S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: HIV infection is associated with a wide range of haematological abnormalities, which are amongst its most common complications. This study aims at discerning the peripheral haematological abnormalities associated with HIV infection and to correlate them with CD4 cell count.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2017 till August 2018. 109 patients in 15 years or more age group who were HIV positive by the NACO guidelines were included. Complete hemogram, serum iron studies, serum folate and vitamin B12 levels, and flowcytometric CD4 cell count analysis were done for all the patients. Various haematological parameters were compared between the patients with CD4 cell counts <200/µl (n=52) to those with counts >200/µl (n=57). By using student t-test, the p-value was calculated for various parameters.Results: Anaemia (58.7%), leucopenia (27.5%) and thrombocytopenia (17.4%) were seen with anaemia being the most common abnormality. Normocytic normochromic anaemia (65.6%) was the predominant type of anaemia. Overall analysis showed a statistically significant difference between two groups in haemoglobin concentration, RBC indices, serum ferritin values and absolute lymphocyte count; with p-value <0.05.Conclusions: The diagnosis and treatment of haematological disorders are essential in medical care of the HIV-infected patients. Thus, in resource limited setups, where CD4 count analysis is not possible, haematological abnormalities can be used as tools for monitoring HIV positive individuals and can aid in the treatment of the patients.

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