Frequency of Confirmed Corona Infection (COVID-19) in Children in Affected Families of Gujrat

Aim: To detect the frequency of confirmed corona infection (covid-19) in children in affected families in Gujrat. Study design; cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted from January 2020 to 10 June 2020 at Gujrat Pakistan. Methods: Total 214 children were included in the study from 141 families in which at least one family member was confirmed positive for corona virus infection (COVID-19). This study was started in the beginning of year 2020 but in Gujrat first positive case was reported in March 2020. First of all a family was decided where a confirmed positive case was there. This particular family was included and decided for testing if there was abroad travelling history within 14 days or there was a contact with a confirmed positive patient for corona infection (COVID-19). Results: Total 214 children were included from January 2020 to June 2020. Out of total 214 children, 78 children were positive for (COVID-19) corona infection. Out of 78 (COVID-19) corona infection positive children, 46(58.97%) were female children whereas 32(41.02%) were male children. 37 children (47.44%) were from 1 to 6 years of age whereas 41 (52.56%) were 7-15 years of age. Conclusions: Children can acquire corona virus infection (COVID-19) from adults. Though the severity of corona virus infection (COVID-19) is mild in children, in spite of all this the children should not come in contact with positive person for corona virus infection (COVID-19). Keywords: COVID-19, affected family, contact with positive patients

Diagnostic Accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Detection Test in Children: A Real-Life Study

Naso-pharyngeal RT-PCR is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, but there is a need for rapid and reliable tests. Some validation studies have used frozen aliquots mainly from adults. The aim of this real-life study was to test the performance of a SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test (SC2-RAT) in children. Symptomatic patients aged 0 to 17 years were recruited in the emergency department of the University Hospital of Creteil and in primary care pediatric practices from October 10, 2020 for 7 weeks. Each enrolled child had a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test and a SC2-RAT from two distinct nasopharyngeal swabs. Among the 308 patients (mean [SD] age 4.9 [5.3] years), fever was the main symptom (73.4%), with no difference between COVID-19–negative and –positive groups. The prevalence of COVID-19 was 10.7% (95% CI 7.5–14.7). On the whole cohort, the sensitivity and specificity of the SC2-RAT compared to RT-PCR was 87.9% (95% CI 71.8–96.6) and 98.5% (95% CI 96.3–99.6). Considering samples with cycle threshold >25, the sensibility was lower: 63.6% (95% CI 30.8–89.1) and the specificity 99.6% (95% CI 98.0–100.0). The mean delay to obtain an SC2-RAT result was <15 min but was 3.2 h (SD 5.5) for an RT-PCR result. Contact with a COVID-19–positive person was more frequent for COVID-19–positive than –negative patients (n = 21, 61.6%, vs. n = 64, 24.6%; p < 0.01). In real life, SC2-RAT seems reliable for symptomatic children, allowing to detect contagious children.

The shape of you: do people match a specific geometric figure with identity?

Since more than a century, psychologists have been interested in how visual information can arouse emotion. Several studies have shown that rounded figures evoke positive feelings due to their link with happy/baby-like expressions, compared with sharp angular figures, usually associated with anger and threatening objects having negative valence. However, to date, no-one has investigated the preference to associate a simple geometrical shape to one’s own identity, to a close and positive person like the best friend, or to a potentially dangerous one as a stranger. Through 2 online surveys we asked participants to associate a geometric shape, chosen among a circle, a square and a triangle, to each of three identities, namely “you” (the self), “a friend” or “a stranger”. We hypothesized that the circle would be more associated with the self, the square with the friend and the triangle with the stranger. Moreover, we investigated whether these associations are modulated by 3 personality traits: aggressivity, empathy and social fear. How predicted, we found that participants associate more often the circle with the self, the circle and the square with the best friend, whereas matched the angular shapes (both the triangle and the square) to the stranger. On the other hand, the possibility that personality traits can modulate such associations was not confirmed. The study of how people associate geometrical figures with the self or with other identities giving them an implicit socio-affective connotation, is interesting for all the disciplines interested in the automatic affective processes activated by visual stimuli.

Towards developing a comprehensive conceptual understanding of positive hospital culture and approaches to healthcare organisational culture change in Australia

PurposeThe key aim of this narrative literature review, therefore, is to identify the key conceptual categories that inform the construction of positive person-centred culture within hospitals, and how these frameworks are brought to bear upon organisational culture within healthcare systems in Australia.Design/methodology/approachThis narrative review presents a thematic synthesis of literature identified through a systematic search protocol undertaken across 19 academic databases and Google Scholar as an additional search tool. Thematic qualitative analysis was performed on the research results to determine the common themes within the diverse literature presented within this study.FindingsCulture change interventions in hospitals attempt to address the problem of widespread unprofessional behaviour within healthcare systems. However, diverse definitions and seemingly fragmented approaches to understanding and enacting organisational culture change present a significant hurdle in achieving cohesive and sustainable healthcare reform. This narrative literature review offers a comprehensive conceptual view of the key approaches that inform positive person-centred culture within hospital settings. In total, three primary dimensions, belonging, behaving and being, aligned against organisational goals, individual behaviours and worker as well as organisational identity were identified. Other individual and group interactional dynamics that give rise to negative organisational culture are further analysed to understand the fault lines along which existing culture change interventions are typically operationalised.Research limitations/implicationsThis review is not exhaustive and is limited in its methodological scope. The central values and themes identified within the literature are integral to designing humanised healthcare systems. However, owing to the qualitative nature and contextual variability of these factors, these themes do not lend themselves to replicable quantification.Social implicationsThis analysis contributes to foundational research efforts towards transforming healthcare practice to be more aligned with humanised and equitable values within increasingly complex healthcare organisational settings. Designing culture change interventions that align more suitably with the values-driven categories identified in this literature review may increase the effectiveness and sustainability of these interventions and reform efforts at organisational and systemic levels.Originality/valueThis article presents a comprehensive framework to approach healthcare organisational reform through shared and equitable models of operation, management and governance rather than continuing to promote narrowly defined outcomes derived from commodified models of healthcare practice.

Sero-epidemiology of Hydatidosis Among General Population of Jolfa County, Northwestern Iran Using IHA, ELISA and Western Blot (2017-2018)

Background: Human hydatidosis is mostly a latent and neglected disease with known endemicity in Iran. Aims : Due to the importance of this infection in the country and its latent nature, we aimed to evaluate the serological status of hydatid cyst in northwestern Iran. Objectives: Herein, we evaluated the serological status of hydatid cyst in urban and rural inhabitants of Jolfa county, northwestern Iran during 2017-2018. Methods: Totally, 1296 blood samples were obtained from human individuals and the presence of anti-E. granulosus antibodies were investigated using IHA, ELISA and WB. Results: Based on results, 25 IHA positive person were detected in examined population, however ELISA test showed 14 of 25 IHA positive patients as negative. Also, 269 IHA negative fellows were shown as negative by ELISA. WB analysis of sera from 25 IHA positive subjects revealed consistent results with ELISA test, and the most reactive SHCF Ag was a 37 KDa protein. The age standardized seroprevalence of hydatidosis among Jolfa general population was 1.12% with 95%CI: 1.02-1.20. Moreover, there existed a significant association between keeping/contact with dogs (P = 0.022) as well as vegetable consumption (P < 0.001) with ELISA positive test results. Conclusion: Along such serological evidence in this region, we highly suggest physical examination and applying imaging techniques for suspected cases in the area for better understanding of CE.