scholarly journals Kirjoittamisen diskurssit lukion äidinkielen ja kirjallisuuden opetussuunnitelman perusteissa ja äidinkielen ylioppilaskokeen määräyksissä

Virittäjä ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Erra ◽  
Kimmo Svinhufvud

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan lukion opetussuunnitelman perusteissa 2003 sekä syksyllä 2012 annetuissa ylioppilaskokeen äidinkielen määräyksissä esiintyviä kirjoittamisen diskursseja. Opetusta ohjaavien dokumenttien analyysivälineenä on Ivaničin (2004) malli kirjoittamisen diskursseista: kirjoittamisessa voi olla kyse taidosta, luovuudesta tai prosessista, se voi olla tekstilajien tuottamista (genrediskurssi), sosiaalisten käytänteiden noudattamista tai sosiopoliittista toimintaa. Artikkelissa selvitetään, miten eri diskurssit näkyvät dokumenteissa, ovatko dokumenttien kirjoittamiskäsitykset keskenään samanlaisia sekä miten käytetty malli soveltuu äidinkielen opetusta ohjaavien dokumenttien analyysiin. Analyysi osoittaa, että opetusta ohjaavat dokumentit eivät perustu mihinkään yksittäiseen kirjoittamisdiskurssiin. Sekä opetussuunnitelmissa että ylioppilaskokeen määräyksissä on useita diskursseja, jotka toisinaan kimputtuvat hybrideiksi: etenkin taitodiskurssi ja genrediskurssi liittyvät muihin näkemyksiin. Molemmissa dokumenteissa kirjoittaminen näyttäytyy taitona ja tekstilajin tuottamisena, toisinaan myös luovuutena. Sosiopoliittiseen diskurssiin on dokumenteissa joitakin yksittäisiä viittauksia. Kirjoittaminen prosessina tai sosiaalisena käytänteenä sen sijaan näkyy opetussuunnitelmissa mutta ei ylioppilaskokeen arviointia ohjaavissa määräyksissä. Ivaničin malli perustuu kronologiaan, mutta dokumenttien analyysi paljastaa, että ylioppilaskokeen arviointiperusteissa kirjoittamisen diskurssit muodostavat myös eräänlaisen hierarkian: Kirjoittamisessa on kyse taidosta, mutta vaatimustason kasvaessa edellytetään myös tekstilajien hallintaa ja sosiokriittisyyttä. Hierarkian huipulla on luovuus. Opetussuunnitelmissa ei ilmene vastaavanlaista hierarkiaa. Artikkeli tuo esiin, että opetussuunnitelmat tarjoavat mahdollisuuden melko monipuoliseen kirjoittamisen opetukseen, mutta ylioppilaskokeen kirjoittamiskäsitys on hieman opetussuunnitelmia kapeampi. Kirjoittamisen opetuksen kehittämisen kannalta onkin jatkossa pohdittava opetuksen ja arvioinnin suhdetta sekä kiinnitettävä huomiota kirjoittamiskäsitysten monipuolisuuteen. Analyysin perusteella Ivaničin malli soveltuu, tietyin varauksin, opetusta ohjaavien dokumenttien analyysiin.   Writing discourses in Finnish mother-tongue and literature curriculum and in evaluation criteria for the mother-tongue component of the Finnish matriculation examination The article discusses the discourses of writing present in the National Core Curriculum for Upper Secondary School 2003 and the Regulations of the Finnish Matriculation Examination of the Mother Tongue. The document analysis is based on Ivanič’s (2004) framework, which can be used for identifying six discourses of writing: skills discourse, creativity discourse, process discourse, genre discourse, social practices discourse, and socio-political discourse. This article examines how the different discourses are instantiated in the documents, whether the documents are discursively similar, and whether this framework is suitable for analysis of the documents governing the teaching of the mother tongue. The analysis shows that these documents are not based on just one writing discourse. There are in fact several discourses in both the curriculum and the regulations of the matriculation examination. In both documents, writing is considered a skill and production of genre, at times even creativity. There are also some indications of the socio-political approach in both. However, only the curriculum sees writing as a process and as a social practice. In this sense, the matriculation examination is more limited in its view on writing. At times, the discourses create hybrids – notably the skills discourse and the genre discourse interlock with other views. Ivanič’s framework is based on chronology. However, the available evidence suggests that, in the evaluation criteria of the matriculation examination, the discourses of writing also adhere to a certain hierarchy. At the basic level, writing is evaluated merely as a skill. After that, it is seen as a production of genre. The next step in the hierarchy is the socio-politics of writing, and at the top of the hierarchy is creativity. However, the curriculum does not disclose a similar hierarchy. The article argues that the analysed curriculum provides an opportunity to employ relatively diverse forms of teaching of writing, but the matriculation examination sees writing from a narrower perspective. On these grounds, it can be argued that in the future development of writing pedagogics it is important to consider the relationship between the teaching and assessment of writing, and to pay attention to the diversity of writing discourses. The article further claims that the framework employed is, with certain reservations, suitable for document analysis.

Author(s):  
Iwona Niewiadomska ◽  
Rafał P. Bartczuk ◽  
Joanna Chwaszcz ◽  
Stanisław Fel ◽  
Weronika Augustynowicz ◽  
...  

Abstract This article explores the question, to what degree religiosity contributes, as a protecting factor against a broad category of socially deviant adolescent and youth behaviours. It also tests the hypothesis that gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between religiosity and problem behaviour. It employs a modified version of the Problem Behaviour Syndrome Measure (PBSM), in concert with Jessor and Jessor’s conceptual work. It also makes use of the Duke Religion Index (DUREL) to assess religiosity. The empirical study deals with a representative group of 960 students of upper-secondary schools in the Lubelskie province, Poland. The results were analyzed using canonical analysis and ANOVA. The achievements of the article are twofold. First, it identifies significant correlations between the different levels of religiosity among youth, and the occurrence and intensification of problem behaviours, particularly in regard to organized activity. Organized and intrinsic religiosity play principal protective roles, while the impact of personal religious practices is less significant. Secondly, while analyzing the moderating role of gender in the relationship between religiosity and the intensity of problem behaviour, it was found that gender does not have a significant interactive impact. An affirmative conclusion was confirmed in only two instances.


2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
WINFRED ARTHUR ◽  
TRAVIS TUBRE´ ◽  
DON S. PAUL ◽  
PAMELA S. EDENS

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Nădăşan

AbstractThe Internet has become one of the main means of communication used by people who search for health-related information. The quality of online health-related information affects the users’ knowledge, their attitude, and their risk or health behaviour in complex ways and influences a substantial number of users in their decisions regarding diagnostic and treatment procedures.The aim of this review is to explore the benefits and risks associated with using the Internet as a source of health-related information; the relationship between the quality of the health-related information available on the Internet and the potential risks; the multiple conceptual components of the quality of health-related information; the evaluation criteria for quality health-related information; and the main approaches and initiatives that have been implemented worldwide to help improve users’ access to high-quality health-related information.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Kilpi-Jakonen

Citizenship acquisition is often viewed as an indicator of immigrant integration as well as an event that spurs integration further. Relatively little is know about the relationship between citizenship and integration for children of immigrants. This article examines the relationship between citizenship and educational attainment at approximately age 16 in Finland using register data. Results suggest that children of immigrants who are Finnish citizens have better educational outcomes than non-citizens, measured with three indicators of educational attainment. However, the Finnish citizens come from families with higher levels of educational and economic resources than non-citizens and this explains much of the relationship between citizenship and education. After controlling for intervening variables, second generation students with Finnish citizenship are found to be more likely to choose general rather than vocational upper secondary education compared to their peers who have another citizenship. It is argued that this reflects a difference in educational attitudes between the two groups.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 77-99
Author(s):  
Pilar Nicolás Martínez ◽  
Marta Pazos Anido ◽  
Mónica Barros Lorenzo

This study is framed in the context of the pre-service masters degrees in the teaching of languages (Spanish as a foreign language + Portuguese as a mother tongue, and Spanish + English as foreign languages) given at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto. This training is preparation for the teaching of languages in lower and upper secondary education in Portugal.During the second year of these masters degrees, trainees conduct a teaching practicum in secondary schools and prepare a reflective portfolio related to this experience. One of the sections of this document is based on the descriptors of the European Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages (EPOSTL).In this study, seventy-five trainee portfolios were collected from 2014 to 2019 and the written reflections related to the EPOSTL descriptors associated with “Culture” were selected for analysis. The objective was to analyse trainees’ concerns, interests and perceptions about culture and its didactics in Spanish classroom, and in light of this, consider how to improve the training offered.


Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kania

Along with the successive reforms of education, the discussion on the method of teaching literature in high school returns, including the role of the history of literature in preparation for the matriculation examination. The article presents the advantages of a comparative approach to literary education in the core curriculum of the Polish language from 2008, which in individual programs prepared by teachers can also be successfully used in themed-chronological teaching, facilitating work with history of literature based, extensive in terms of issues and essential readingscore curriculum from 2018. Examples of original curriculum solutions come from the author’s own experience and were created during her classes of literature didactics at secondary school at the Faculty of Polish Studies of the Jagiellonian University.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Morishita

Purpose: Cavity and tooth preparation are essential curriculum components in dental education for undergraduate students, and faculty staff determine whether the standard of the work is acceptable. However, evaluators are inevitably subject to variability and bias, so quantification of the evaluation is desirable. Therefore, various digital devices have been developed to quantify evaluations, such as SURFLACER, Simodont, and DentSim. In this study, we aimed to investigate the use of evaluation software and to compare human evaluation with software evaluation using a new digital dental education device with a realtime evaluation function. Material and Method: Dental students prepared a full metal crown on an artificial mandibular left first molar, which was evaluated by the software and a human evaluator (a dentist). Results: The results showed that the software evaluation was more suitable with eight cross-sections than with four crosssections. The dentist evaluated the same teeth according to a set of evaluation criteria, but there were no statistically significant differences in any of the evaluation items. Finally, multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the software evaluation using eight cross-sections and the human evaluator using dummy variables, and it revealed that the margin form evaluation by the dentist was a significant explanatory variable for the score by the software. Conclusion: This preliminary study is the first to demonstrate that the new digital dental education device has considerable potential as a digital educational tool.


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