scholarly journals Nimistöntutkimuksen metodit Virittäjän kirjoituksissa

Virittäjä ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terhi Ainiala ◽  
Paula Sjöblom

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan Virittäjässä vuosina 1897–2019 julkaistuja erisnimiä käsitteleviä kirjoituksia ennen kaikkea metodisesta näkökulmasta. Virittäjässä on tarkastelu­ajanjaksona ilmestynyt liki 500 nimistöaiheista kirjoitusta, joista liki puolet, 232, on artikkeleita, katsauksia ja väitöslektioita. Nämä niin sanotut alkuperäistutkimukset on jaettu käytetyn metodin perusteella seitsemään ryhmään. Luokittelu on väistämättä karkea, ja luokkien välillä on päällekkäisyyttä. Kirja-arviot ja konferenssikatsaukset ovat mukana tarkastelussa mutta eivät laskelmissa. Etymologinen suuntaus on ollut voimissaan koko tarkastelujakson ajan, ja kaikista nimistökirjoituksista yli puolet kuuluu tähän ryhmään. Nimitypologinen analyysi, sosio-onomastiikka ja kontaktionomastiikka ovat seuraavaksi suosituimpia metodeja, joiden kunkin osuus alkuperäistutkimuksista on noin 10 prosenttia. Funktionaalis-semanttinen analyysi ja korpusanalyysi ovat melko harvinaisia; vain kolmesta neljään prosenttia kirjoituksista noudattaa jompaakumpaa metodia. Kymmenisen prosenttia kirjoituksista on luokiteltu monitieteistä analyysia hyödyntäviksi, eli niissä onomastisen metodin ohessa käytetään jotain ei-lingvististä metodia.  Virittäjän kirjoituksissa kuvastuu suomalaisen onomastiikan metodinen kehitys, joka on ollut paljolti aiempien metodien pohjalle rakentamista: esimerkiksi typologisen ajattelun piirteitä alettiin tuoda esiin etymologissa kirjoituksissa, ja sosio-onomastinen suuntaus taas sai virtaa typologisesta. Nimien merkityspiirteiden ja funktioiden analyysi on ollut luonteva seuraus erilaisten nimistöjen typologiaa selvitettäessä. Korpusanalyysi taas on luonnollista kehitystä aiemmista suuntauksista ja lingvistiikassa ylipäänsä käyttöön tulleista suurten aineistojen analyysityökaluista. Research methods in the field of onomastics in Virittäjä The article examines onomastic writings, published in Virittäjä between 1897–2019, from a primarily methodological perspective. During this period, Virittäjä published nearly 500 onomastic writings, of which almost half, 232, are articles, review articles and lectures given at the public defences of doctoral dissertations. Here, these research papers are classified by their methods into seven groups. The classification is rough, and there is some overlap between the categories. Book reviews and congress reports have been taken into account, but they are not included in the calculations. Etymological research was prevalent throughout the period: over half of all onomastic papers published in the journal fall into this category. The next most popular methods are name typological analysis, socio-onomastic analysis and contact onomastics, each accounting for ca. 10% of all papers. Functional-semantic analysis and quantitative corpus analysis are rarer occurrences; only 3–4% of all papers follow either of these methods. About 10% have been classified as multidisciplinary papers because they exploit non-linguistic methods in addition to onomastic methods. The writings in Virittäjä reflect the methodical development of Finnish onomastics. New methods always build on what has gone before: for instance, typological thinking can already be observed in the early etymological papers, and socio-onomastic research arose from typological analysis. This being said, semantic and functional analysis was a natural consequence of the typological studies of different nomenclatures, whereas corpus analysis evolved out of previous methods, particularly since the advent of new technological tools for analysing large quantities of data.

Author(s):  
Priyanka R. Patil ◽  
Shital A. Patil

Similarity View is an application for visually comparing and exploring multiple models of text and collection of document. Friendbook finds ways of life of clients from client driven sensor information, measures the closeness of ways of life amongst clients, and prescribes companions to clients if their ways of life have high likeness. Roused by demonstrate a clients day by day life as life records, from their ways of life are separated by utilizing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation Algorithm. Manual techniques can't be utilized for checking research papers, as the doled out commentator may have lacking learning in the exploration disciplines. For different subjective views, causing possible misinterpretations. An urgent need for an effective and feasible approach to check the submitted research papers with support of automated software. A method like text mining method come to solve the problem of automatically checking the research papers semantically. The proposed method to finding the proper similarity of text from the collection of documents by using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) with synonym algorithm which is used to find synonyms of text index wise by using the English wordnet dictionary, another algorithm is LSA without synonym used to find the similarity of text based on index. LSA with synonym rate of accuracy is greater when the synonym are consider for matching.


2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Arenson

Despite the hackneyed expression that ‘judges should interpret the law and not make it’, the fact remains that there is some scope within the separation of powers doctrine for the courts to develop the common law incrementally. To this extent, the courts can effectively legislate, but only to this limited extent if they are to respect the separation of powers doctrine. On occasion, however, the courts have usurped the power entrusted to Parliament, and particularly so in instances where a strict application of the existing law would lead to results that offend their personal notions of what is fair and just. When this occurs, the natural consequence is that lawyers, academics and the public in general lose respect for both the judges involved as well as the adversarial system of criminal justice. In order to illustrate this point, attention will focus on the case of Thabo Meli v United Kingdom in which the Privy Council, mistakenly believing that it could not reach its desired outcome through a strict application of the common law rule of temporal coincidence, emasculated the rule beyond recognition in order to convict the accused. Moreover, the discussion to follow will demonstrate that not only was the court wrong in its belief that the case involved the doctrine of temporal coincidence, but the same result would have been achieved had the Council correctly identified the issue as one of legal causation and correctly applied the principles relating thereto.


2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
S J Tanser ◽  
D J Birt

AbstractThe aim of National Anaesthesia Day on 25 May 2000 was to inform the public about the role and training of anaesthetists. We carried out two surveys of patients attending Derriford Hospital, Plymouth to assess the local impact of National Anaesthesia Day and to assess the public’s expectation of the preoperative visit. The first survey was held one month prior to National Anaesthesia Day and was completed by 93 patients. The second survey was held immediately following National Anaesthesia Day and was completed by 70 patients. Thirty five percent of the patients surveyed were unaware that anaesthetists were medically qualified. This result was not altered by National Anaesthesia Day despite a local information campaign. Moreover, knowledge about our role and training was only marginally improved from 1978. The majority of patients expected to see their anaesthetist preoperatively for less than 10 minutes and would not be concerned if they had not been seen one hour before surgery. Style of clothing was unimportant; few preferred a white coat but name badges were desirable. We conclude that the level of ignorance about our profession has not changed since 1978 and the impact of National Anaesthesia Day was not significant. This may be as a result of the anaesthetist’s portrayal on television, which is known to be an important source of public information on other areas of medicine. If these statistics are to change in the next 22 years new methods of public education need to be found.


Author(s):  
Anne Lemnitzer

Welcome to Issue 2 of DFI’s Journal Vol. 15. We are happy to introduce six publications which span a wide mix of manuscript types and technical content. While most published papers in the DFI Journal have historically been research papers and technical case histories, this issue introduces a forum paper and a book review in addition to valuable research publications. Forum papers, a new type of paper to the DFI Journal, encompass a much shorter manuscript style, and can include commentaries, opinions, research highlights (e.g., of work currently underway), and responses to previously published papers. Forum papers do not require a response from the author if they discuss another author’s manuscript. However, should the forum paper be closer to a discussion, and should the author of the discussed manuscript desire to provide a response, the submission will be converted into a formal “discussion.” Forum papers and book reviews first undergo a review within the editorial board, and are only subject to external peer review if the content is found to be technically controversial and/or should the area of expertise discussed in the manuscript lie outside the capacities of the editorial board. Hence the Forum Paper is a unique outlet with much technical and editorial flexibility and will, along with the newly introduced book review, enrich the palette of products offered by the DFI Journal.


Evolutionary studies, a centenary celebration of the life of Julian Huxley . Edited by Milo Keynes & G. Ainsworth Harrison. London: Macmillan, 1989. Pp. 256, £63.00. ISBN 0-333-45723-4 Sir Julian Huxley died in 1975. Although primarily a biologist, his broad social and philosophical interests ensured that he was much in the public eye for the greater part of his life. He was a motivator in the foundation of UNESCO, ensuring that ‘S’ became a major part of its remit, and he became its first Director General. He was a member of the BBC’s extremely popular Brains Trust; he was co-author (with H.G. and Gip Wells) of the seminal Science of life , and author of many ‘popular’ books and articles on scientific, social and philosophical matters.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630511877601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Ross ◽  
Damian J. Rivers

Twitter is increasingly being used within the sociopolitical domain as a channel through which to circulate information and opinions. Throughout the 2016 US Presidential primaries and general election campaign, a notable feature was the prolific Twitter use of Republican candidate and then nominee, Donald Trump. This use has continued since his election victory and inauguration as President. Trump’s use of Twitter has drawn criticism due to his rhetoric in relation to various issues, including Hillary Clinton, the size of the crowd in attendance at his inauguration, the policies of the former Obama administration, and immigration and foreign policy. One of the most notable features of Trump’s Twitter use has been his repeated ridicule of the mainstream media through pejorative labels such as “fake news” and “fake media.” These labels have been deployed in an attempt to deter the public from trusting media reports, many of which are critical of Trump’s presidency, and to position himself as the only reliable source of truth. However, given the contestable nature of objective truth, it can be argued that Trump himself is a serial offender in the propagation of mis- and disinformation in the same vein that he accuses the media. This article adopts a corpus analysis of Trump’s Twitter discourse to highlight his accusations of fake news and how he operates as a serial spreader of mis- and disinformation. Our data show that Trump uses these accusations to demonstrate allegiance and as a cover for his own spreading of mis- and disinformation that is framed as truth.


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