scholarly journals Red clover grown in a mixture with grasses : yield, persistence and dynamics of quality characteristics

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MELA

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was grown in mixtures with timothy and meadow fescue in field experiments at four sites in Finland to broaden knowledge on its potential as a forage crop. The effects of cutting frequency, nitrogen fertilization in the spring and sward density were investigated. Forage yield quality was analyzed using standard methods. Red clover produced well in all swards during the two first seasons. In the third summer the proportion of red clover was greatly diminished except on sandy soil at the northernmost locality (64°40'N) where it remained productive. Linear regression adequately described the dependence of crude fibre content and crude protein content in dry matter of the primary growth and regrowth, both of red clover and grass, on accumulated temperature sum. The contents of P, K, Ca and Mg in clover and grass are given as a function of accumulated temperature to describe their changes during crop growth. The results give new knowledge about possibilities to grow red clover in the northern livestock region of Finland. They proved that soil type is more important for good persistence of red clover than latitude.

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Portella Montardo ◽  
Miguel Dall'Agnol ◽  
Nilton Rodrigues Paim

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important temperate legume species, used to lessen the lack of forage during the critical fall-winter period in Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. However, its utilization has been restricted mainly because of its lack of persistence. This work evaluates the dry matter yield and persistence of red clover half-sib progenies in two physiographic regions of RS: "Depressão Central", in Eldorado do Sul and "Encosta Superior do Nordeste", in Veranópolis. Experiments were carried out for two growing seasons and results were compared to two red clover commercial checks, Qüiñequeli and Estanzuela 116. The region of Veranópolis was more adequate for red clover forage production, enabling better yield and persistence. The best check for both locations was cultivar Estanzuela 116. At Eldorado do Sul persistence was highly affected and some progenies were superior to the best check. At Veranópolis the best check was very productive, with good persistence. The best progenies at both locations were selected to be propagated and submitted to additional recurrent selection cycles.


2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Drobná ◽  
J. Jančovič

A field trial was conducted to determine the nutritive value of eight Slovak and Czech red clover varieties and to quantify the effects of variety, cut and year on red clover forage quality. The differences between forage quality of the evaluated red clover varieties were significant for protein supplied when energy is limited in the rumen (PDIE), intestinal digestibility of rumen non-degraded protein (dsi), net energy values and ash content (P < 0.01). The achieved results show that the surpassing forage quality was given by diploid Viglana variety with high protein and energy values. The forage of tetraploid varieties Javorina and Dolina was outstanding in protein content, but had the lowest energy values. The nutritive value was significantly affected by cut. The first cut provided forage with a significantly lower (P < 0.01) crude protein (CP) content, CP digestibility, degradability of CP (degNL), protein supplied when nitrogen is limited in rumen (PDIN), PDIE and with a significantly higher crude fibre content and energy values (P < 0.01). The differences between varieties were more pronounced in the second and in the third cut. Significantly higher (P < 0.01) PDIE, PDIN, degNL, net energy values and ash contents were found in the first production year.


2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Thiessen Martens ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
J. W. Hoeppner

Yield benefits of legume cover crops in winter/spring cereal systems have not been well documented in the Canadian prairies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fertilizer replacement values (FRV) of relay-cropped alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and double-cropped chickling vetch (Lathryus sativus L.) and black lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. subsp. culinaris) to a subsequent oat (Avena sativa L.) crop. Field experiments were conducted in Manitoba on a clay soil at Winnipeg and a sandy loam at Carman. Alfalfa provided the highest FRV at Winnipeg (51–62 kg N ha-1), followed by chickling vetch (29–43 kg N ha-1), lentil (23–39 kg N ha-1), and red clover (24–26 kg N ha-1). FRV could not be established at Carman, where course-textured soil and low rainfall limited legume growth. Key words: Relay cropping, double cropping, cover crops


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
T. Bozhanska ◽  
B. Churkova

PURPOSE of the present study is to establish the growth, development and competitiveness of grass and legume components in mixed grasslands grown under the conditions of the Central Balkan Mountains. METHODS: In the spring of 2014-2016, the growth and development of typical meadow legumes and grass species for that region were observed in the experimental field of RIMSA - Troyan, in double mixtures: 1. Bird's-foot-trefoil - Red fescue; 2. White clover - Perennial ryegrass; 3. White clover - Kentucky bluegrass; 4. Red clover - Timothy-grass; 5. Blue hybrid alfalfa - Cock's foot; 6. Red clover - Meadow fescue. RESULTS: From all grass crops - Dactylis glomerata L. has the most pronounced competitive ability with respect to the biometric height indicator of plants, while Poa pratensis L. has the slightest one. For the three-year study period, Trifolium repens L. in its mixture with Lolium perenne L. recorded the lowest average growth values compared to the other legumes included in the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The best intercompatibility and, respectively, the most favorable combination of grass and legume components is found between Trifolium pratense L. and Festuca pratensis L., and the weakest among the components in the blue hybrid alfalfa - cock's foot mixture. The length of the flower-bearing stems and leaf stalks of Trifolium pratense L. in the mixed grassland with meadow fescue have higher values (41.8:89.0 cm) and those with timothy-grass are lower (38.1:52.5 cm).


1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Christie ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
J. Lewis ◽  
R. Michaud

AC Endure red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a diploid cultivar of the double-cut type developed by mass selection at the Crop and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PEI. It is earlier flowering than Florex or Marino, and higher in forage yield, especially in the second and third harvest years. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense L., cultivar description


Author(s):  
Vaiva Kačkytė ◽  
Saulius Grigiškis ◽  
Dainius Paliulis ◽  
Jolanta Aikaitė-Stanaitienė

Following the complex technology for greasy waste utilization, which is under development, two stages of fat degradation – biodegradation and phytoremediation – were applied for treatment of fat-polluted soil. Biodegradation was used in the first stage, and phytoremediation was applied for degradation of residual fat and final restoration of soil structure. The latter technology was used to evaluate the ability of three following species of herbaceous plants to degrade fat in soil: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.), and hybrid ryegrass (Lolium hybridum Hausskn.). The evaluation after the stages of phytoremediation showed that hybrid ryegrass was the most effective in fat degradation in soils with high initial fat concentrations (100 g/kg and 55.1 g/kg), i.e. 53% and 67% respectively. With lower initial fat contents in soil (up to 12.7 g/kg), the best ability in fat degradation was determined in hybrid ryegrass and red clover, i.e. 76%. Application of stages of biodegradation and phytoremediation for treatment of soil polluted with greasy contaminants helped to reduce fat contents by 99% with the initial fat concentration of 138.9 g/kg, and 90% with 222.2 g/kg. Santrauka Gruntui, užterštam riebalinėmis atliekomis, valyti pagal kuriamą kompleksinę riebalinių atliekų utilizavimo technologiją numatyti du riebalų skaidymo etapai – biologinis skaidymas ir fitoremediacija. Pirmuoju etapu taikyta biodegradacija, o likusiems riebalams skaidyti ir grunto struktūrai galutinai atkurti – fitoremediacija, kurios metu įvertinta trijų pasirinktų žolinės augalijos rūšių – raudonųjų dobilų (Trifolium pratense L.), tikrųjų eraičinų (Festuca pratensis Huds.) ir hibridinių svidrių (Lolium hybridum Hausskn.) geba skaidyti riebalus grunte. Po fitoremediacijos etapo nustatyta, kad, esant didelėms pradinėms riebalų koncentracijoms grunte (100 g/kg ir 55,1 g/kg), efektyviausiai riebalus skaidė hibridinės svidrės – atitinkamai 53% ir 67%. Esant mažesnėms riebalų koncentracijoms grunte (iki 12,7 g/kg), geriausiai riebalus skaidė hibridinės svidrės ir raudonieji dobilai – 76%. Riebalais užterštam gruntui valyti etapais taikant biodegradaciją ir fitoremediaciją, riebalų kiekis grunte sumažėjo 99%, kai pradinė riebalų koncentracija buvo 138,9 g/kg, o kai riebalų koncentracijai 222,2 g/kg – 90%. Резюме Согласно создаваемой комплексной технологии утилизации жировых отходов с целью очистки грунта, загрязненного жирами, были применены два этапа для расщепления жиров – биодеградация и фиторемедиация. На первомэтапе была применена биодеградация, а для расщепления оставшихся жиров и окончательного восстановленияструктуры грунта – фиторемедиация, во время которой оценивалась способность трех травянистых видов – клевера лугового (Trifolium pratense L.), овсяницы луговой (Festuca pratensis Huds.) и плевела гибридного (Lolium hybridum Hausskn.) – расщеплять жиры в грунте. После этапа фиторемедиации было установлено, что при высокихзаданных начальных концентрациях жиров в грунте (100 и 55,1 г/кг) наиболее эффективно расщеплял жиры плевел гибридный – 53% и 67% соответственно. При более низких начальных концентрациях жиров (до 12,7 г/кг грунта) наиболее высокий процент расщепленных жиров достигался при применении плевела гибридного и клевера лугового – 76%. После применения этапов биодеградации и фиторемедиации для очистки грунта, загрязненного жирами, количество жиров в грунте снизилось на 99% при их начальной концентрации 138,9 г/кг и на 90%при их концентрации 222,2 г/кг грунта.


2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
J. Hrubý ◽  
I. Hartman ◽  
J. Najmanová ◽  
...  

The uptake of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn and potential phytoremediation efficiency of five high biomass producing crops, white sweetclover (Melilotus alba L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), curled mallow (Malva verticillata L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) commonly used as grazing and/or energy crops was evaluated in both pot and field experiments at soils with different level of element contamination. In pot experiment the highest phytoremediation efficiency was demonstrated by C. tinctorius where 4.8% of Cd and 1.1% of Zn were removed from the moderately contaminated soil in one vegetation period when repeated harvest of aboveground biomass was performed. The removal of As and Pb was negligible for all the investigated plant species. At the highest element content in soil inhibition of plant growth due to the element phytotoxicity to plants was reported in most of cases. In the precise field experiment lower phytoremediation efficiency (biennial phytoremediation factors did not exceed 0.2% for Pb and Zn and 0.3% for Cd for C. tinctorius) was determined but yield suppress was not observed. Thus, free space for manipulation with element mobility in soil to increase element uptake by plants remains for further research.


1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
B. R. Christie

AC Kingston red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a diploid cultivar of the double-cut type developed by mass selection at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Charlottetown, PEL It is similar to Florex in maturity, but is superior in forage yield in the second harvest year. It was selected for persistence under field conditions. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense L., persistence, cultivar description


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek M Bickhart ◽  
Lisa M Koch ◽  
Timothy P.L. Smith ◽  
Heathcliffe Riday ◽  
Michael L Sullivan

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is used as a forage crop due to a variety of favorable traits relative to other crops. Improved varieties have been developed through conventional breeding approaches, but progress could be accelerated and gene discovery facilitated using modern genomic methods. Existing short-read based genome assemblies of the ~420 Megabase (Mb) genome are fragmented into >135,000 contigs with numerous errors in order and orientation within scaffolds, likely due to the biology of the plant which displays gametophytic self-incompatibility resulting in inherent high heterozygosity. A high-quality long-read based assembly of red clover is presented that reduces the number of contigs by more than 500-fold, improves the per-base quality, and increases the contig N50 statistic by three orders of magnitude. The 413.5 Mb assembly is nearly 20% longer than the 350 Mb short read assembly, closer to the predicted genome size. Quality measures are presented and full-length isoform sequence of RNA transcripts reported for use in assessing accuracy and for future annotation of the genome. The assembly accurately represents the seven main linkage groups present in the genome of an allogamous (outcrossing), highly heterozygous plant species.


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