scholarly journals Effect of fertilizers, lime and cadmium added to soil on the cadmium content of spring wheat

1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-414
Author(s):  
Antti Jaakkola
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Npk Fertilization

In a pot experiment the cadmium content of wheat grain grown on acid (pHCCaCl2 5.5) loam and clay soils was increased from 55 to 440-540 µg/kg by addition of 1 mg of cadmium per kg of soil. Raising of NPK fertilization increased the cadmium content of grain in general. The effect of liming varied. In field experiments the cadmium contents of wheat grain and straw were increased by cadmium addition on loam much more than on clay. Wheat grown on the loam suffered from severe drought. Cadmium application of 100 g/ha raised the cadmium contents in grain 10—60 and in straw 10—90 µg/kg. The contents were initially in the range 39—69 µg/kg. In an experiment in which fertilizers with various cadmium contents because of different raw materials were compared, not even the highest addition of cadmium, 49 g/ha, caused a significant change in the cadmium contents of grain or straw.

Carryover Injury of Clomazone Applied in Soybeans (Glycine max) and Fallow

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Ahrens ◽  
E. Patrick Fuerst
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Application Rates

Field experiments were conducted to determine wheat injury following clomazone application in soybeans and fallow in North Dakota. Clomazone at recommended rates generally caused 10% or less visible chlorosis in spring wheat planted 11 to 12 mo after application or winter wheat planted 11 mo after application, although greater chlorosis was observed in two of seven location/year environments. Tillage preceding wheat planting increased chlorosis from clomazone residues in some environments. Clomazone residues reduced wheat grain yield only in three of seven location/year environments and usually at application rates of 1.4 kg ai ha-1or greater. Severe drought prevailed during the study and probably increased clomazone persistence and wheat chlorosis. Drought also may have limited expression of grain yield reductions attributable to clomazone residues.

scholarly journals Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Czaban ◽  
B. Wróblewska ◽  
A. Sułek ◽  
G. Podolska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Crop Management Systems ◽  
Rainfall Level

Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two cropping systems (intensive and integrated) on infection level of winter and spring wheat kernels by Fusarium species. Field experiments were conducted with winter wheat ‘Tonacja’ and spring wheat ‘Bombona’ during two consecutive growing seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009 - winter wheat, and 2008 and 2009 - spring wheat). A rainfall level in 2009 from the last decade of May to the first decade of July was 2.5-times higher than that in 2008. After the harvest, kernels were surface disinfected with 1.5% NaOCl solution for 2 min and then analysed for the infection level by different species of Fusarium. Fusaria were isolated on CZID medium and identified on the basis of macro - and micro-morphology on three media (PDA, SNA and a medium containing tannin). Our results demonstrate that the wheat grain infection by Fusarium depended mainly on a rainfall level. The intensive cropping system was more conducive to the grain infection by fusaria in comparison to the integrated one. The most frequent species were F. avenaceum in 2008, and F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. poae in 2009.

scholarly journals Sulphur and Nitrogen Fertilization as a Potential Means of Agronomic Biofortification to Improve the Content and Uptake of Microelements in Spring Wheat Grain DM

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Klikocka ◽  
Marek Marks
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
The Impact ◽  
S Application ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Agronomic Biofortification ◽  
Npk Fertilization

The aim of the field experiment was to analyze the impact of various nitrogen and sulphur doses on the content and uptake of spring grains of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc. The study was conducted in southeastern Poland (2009–2011) on Cambisols (WRB 2007), in conditions of low soil sulphur content. The experiment included 4 doses of N fertilization (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg/ha) and 2 doses of S application (0 and 50 kg/ha). The analysis showed that fertilization with nitrogen and sulphur had a positive effect on the studied features of spring wheat. The combination resulted in beneficial content of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu (Fe 45.00, Mn 35.67, Zn 34.63, and Cu 3.65 mg/kg) and beneficial uptake of microelements by grain DM (Fe 216.1, Mn 171.3, Zn 166.4, and Cu 17.52 g/ha). The highest grain yield (5.43 t/ha) was obtained after the application of nitrogen at a dose of 80 kg/ha and sulphur at a dose of 50 kg/ha. In relation to control, this increase of grain yield amounted to 13.3%. Significant correlations were also found between grain yield and the content and uptake of all microelements, as well as between elements. No significant correlation was found only between the content and uptake of Fe and the content of Mn and between the content of Mn and Cu. Sulphur supplementation of NPK fertilization can be a good means of agronomic biofortification for spring wheat in order to increase the content and uptake of micronutrients such as Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu.

scholarly journals The influence of selenium soil application on its content in spring wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ducsay ◽  
O. Ložek ◽  
L. Varga L
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Selenium Accumulation ◽  
Npk Fertilization

The influence of application of increasing doses of selenium (0.05 mg, 0.10 mg and 0.20 mg/kg) into soil in pot experiments, with NPK fertilization of spring wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L., variety Banti), on the biomass yield (grain, straw, roots) and on selenium accumulation was observed. Selenium in the form of sodium selenite (Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>•5H<sub>2</sub>O) and the NPK nutrients in the form of LAD-27, Ca(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and KCl were applied. The average two-year results showed the expected indifferent effect of increasing doses of selenium on the yield of wheat grain, straw and roots. The differentiated doses of selenium into soil caused a significant increase of selenium content in dry matter (dm) of grain, straw and roots of wheat. The highest content of selenium (0.732 mg/kg in grain, 0.227 mg/kg in straw and 1.375 mg/kg in roots dm) was determined in the variant where 0.2 mg Se/kg of soil was applied. When applying the lowest dose of selenium (0.05 mg Se/kg of soil) the content of selenium was 0.155 mg Se/kg in grain. The selenium content in individual analysed parts of wheat was increasing in the following order: straw – grain – roots.

Response of Small-Grain Cultivars to Chlorsulfuron

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry H. Hageman ◽  
Richard Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Code Number ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Differential Cultivar ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Cultivar Responses

The response of several spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars to preemergence and postemergence applications of chlorsulfuron (tested under code number DPX-4189) {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} was evaluated in the field and greenhouse in 1979. In greenhouse experiments, ‘Butte’ spring wheat was less susceptible than six other spring wheat cultivars to chlorsulfuron at 1.0 kg/ha applied preemergence or postemergence. ‘Morex’, ‘Conquest’, and ‘Bonanza’ barley cultivars were less susceptible than six other barley cultivars to preemergence chlorsulfuron, but barley cultivars were similar in response to postemergence chlorsulfuron. The eight oat cultivars responded similarly to preemergence and postemergence chlorsulfuron at 1.0 kg/ha. Data from two field experiments, which included evaluation of durum wheat [Triticum durum (Desf.)] cultivars, indicated that the four small grains had adequate tolerance to postemergence chlorsulfuron at 0.125 and 0.25 kg/ha, except that durum wheat grain yield was reduced by 0.25 kg/ha at the Rosemount location. No differential cultivar responses to chlorsulfuron occurred among the small grains in the field.

Fall-Applied Trifluralin Granules in Conservation-till Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Endres ◽  
William H. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Line Transect Method ◽  
Fall Application

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate postplant crop residue, green and yellow foxtail control, and wheat grain yield after fall application of trifluralin granules in undisturbed small grain stubble. Levels of postplant residue were at least 48% cover (line transect method) and 2750 kg/ha of aboveground dry matter where herbicide granules were left unincorporated or were incorporated with conservation-till methods, including an undercutter, rotary hoe, or undercutter followed by a rotary hoe. Trifluralin at 0.56 kg/ha applied as granules in mid October in untilled stubble and incorporated with conservation-till methods controlled foxtail 81 to 88%, with control appearing slightly lower when granules were not incorporated. The 81 to 88% foxtail control in conservation-till treatments was comparable to control achieved with trifluralin at 0.56 kg/ha applied in mid October on conventionally-tilled soil and incorporated by a field cultivator. Foxtail control improved somewhat as trifluralin rate was increased to 0.84 and 1.12 kg/ha in conservation-till treatments. Slight wheat stand reductions at 1.12 kg/ha of trifluralin did not appear to reduce wheat yield. Fall application of trifluralin granules in these high-residue conditions apparently minimizes herbicide losses by photodecomposition and volatility, thereby facilitating good trifluralin efficacy the following season.

scholarly journals Genetic loci regulating cadmium content in rice grains

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Norton ◽  
Anthony Travis ◽  
Panthita Ruang-areerate ◽  
Graeme W. Nicol ◽  
Ayotunde A. Adeosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Grain Cadmium

AbstractIt has been estimated that up to 90% of human exposure to cadmium is through food, and that cadmium within rice grains can be a major contributor to that dietary source. In this study genome wide association mapping was conducted on the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel (BAAP) of rice to identify quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for lowering grain cadmium. Field experiments were conducted over two years under two different irrigation systems: continually flooded and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). There was significant effects of water treatment, genotype, and genotype by water treatment interaction. Importantly, AWD increased grain cadmium, on average, by 49.6% and 108.8% in year 1 and 2 respectively. There was between 4.6 and 28 fold variation in cadmium concentration. A total of 58 QTLs were detected but no loci are clearly specific to one water regime despite approximately 20% of variation attributable to genotype by water regime interaction. A number of QTLs were consistent across most water treatments and years. These included QTLs on chromosome 7 (7.23–7.61, 8.93–9.04, and 29.12–29.14 Mbp), chromosome 5 (8.66–8.72 Mbp), and chromosome 9 (11.46–11.64 Mbp). Further analysis of the loci on chromosome 7 (8.93–9.04 Mbp), identified the candidate gene OsNRAMP1, where cultivars with a deletion upstream of the gene had higher concentrations of cadmium compared to the cultivars that did not have the deletion. The distribution of alleles within the BAAP suggest this QTL is easily detected in this population because it is composed of aus cultivars. Local genome cluster analysis suggest high Cd alleles are uncommon, but should be avoided in breeding.

scholarly journals Selenium Biofortification of Wheat as a Strategy to Improve Human Nutrition

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Radawiec ◽  
Wiesław Szulc ◽  
Beata Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Elongation Phase ◽  
Fertilisation Treatment ◽  
Foliar Fertilisation

This paper analyses the effects of soil and foliar fertilization with sodium selenate (VI) on the selenium content in spring wheat grain. The research was carried out at the Departmental Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture WULS in Skierniewice in 2018 and 2019. The dose of selenium used was 5.00 g Se·ha−1 in various development stages of spring wheat. The results showed that selenium fertilisation did not affect the size of the grain yield, but both soil and foliar fertilisation significantly increased the content of selenium in wheat grain compared to the control group. The highest Se content was obtained with the method of soil fertilisation combined with the foliar application with a total dose of 10.00 g·ha-1 Se in the stem elongation phase (S + F2), and in the tillering and stem elongation phase (S + F1 + F2), which resulted in the values of 0.615 and 0.719 mg·kg−1 Se in grain, respectively. On this basis, it was concluded that the best time to carry out foliar fertilisation treatment is in the stem elongation phase (BBCH 30–39). The results show that the greatest increase in selenium content in the grain is achieved with soil and foliar fertilisation combined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document