scholarly journals Nitrate, ammonium and urea nitrogen as fertilizers for wheat and rye in a field experiment

1978 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-360
Author(s):  
Antti Jaakkola
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Yield Level

In a five-year field experiment on a well-limed sandy soil five nitrogen fertilizers were compared. They were urea, ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate and a mixture of ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate. The crops in successive years were spring wheat, winter rye, winter wheat, spring wheat and winter rye. The average yield level was not different because of different fertilizers, but in individual years some differences were found. Average contents of nitrogen and calcium in grain and straw, however, showed a slight superiority of calcium nitrate to ammonium sulphate. Other fertilizers did not deviate significantly from either of these. Placement vs. broadcasting, application time and rate of fertilizer nitrogen were also investigated. These factors did not affect the differences between fertilizers. The soil-acidifying effect of the fertilizers decreased in the order: ammonium sulphate, urea, mixture of AS and CN, calcium ammonium nitrate. Calcium nitrate had no effect on soil acidity.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment and Soil Nitrogen Balance of Different N Fertilizers for Top Dressing Rye as Energy Crop for Electricity Generation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Carlos Martín Sastre ◽  
Ruth Barro ◽  
Yolanda González-Arechavala ◽  
Ana Santos-Montes ◽  
Pilar Ciria
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Ghg Savings

Nitrogen fertilizers have been identified in energy crops LCAs as the main contributors to global warming, as well as to many other environmental impacts. The distinct production process and application emissions of nitrogen fertilizer types for top dressing produce different GHG savings when energy crops value chains are compared to fossil energy alternatives. In this study, three types of fertilizers (calcium ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate) at N top dressing rates of 80 kg N/ha are used to grow rye for electricity generation under the conditions of the Continental Mediterranean climate of central-northern Spain. Complete LCAs for the whole value chain based on real data were performed in conjunction with soil nitrogen balances (SNBs) to assess the accomplishment of European Union (EU) GHG savings sustainability criteria, as well as the sustainability of fertilization practices for soil nitrogen stocks. The results obtained can provide interesting insights for policy making, since calcium ammonium nitrate, the most common fertilizer for rye crops, led to 66% GHG savings, as opposed to the 69% achieved when applying urea and 77% when ammonium sulphate was used. Nevertheless, the three fertilizers produced annual soil deficits greater than 50 kg N/ha. In order to ensure savings above 80%, as required by the EU sustainability criteria, and sustainable SNBs, additional optimization measures should be taken at key points of the value chain.

Comparison of the efficiencies of several nitrogen fertilizers applied to pasture in autumn and winter

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Made In

A comparison was made of the responses to, and nitrogen recoveries from, ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, and urea when broadcast on a ryegrass sward in a favourable growing season. A second comparison was made, in a drier season on the same sward, between ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, urea, calcium ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate. In both comparisons urea was an inefficient source of nitrogen, but its efficiency depended on the time of application. Differences in the rainfall shortly after application probably caused this variation in efficiency, by affecting the amounts of ammonia lost to the atmosphere. With sources other than urea, variation in the length of time during which the fertilizer remained at the soil surface, awaiting effective rainfall and plant uptake, had little effect on the final recovery of nitrogen. Ammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate showed similar efficiencies during the relatively dry season in which they were compared. Sodium nitrate was the most efficient source in both seasons.

Effect of successive cropping with nitrogenous fertilizers on wheat yields

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (77) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
WJ Toms
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Yield Decline

Wheat was grown for twelve successive years at three sites with five rates of nitrogen either as calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate or urea applied each year to the same plots. There was a long term yield decline, with and without nitrogen, on the site at Wongan Hills, but not at Merredin or Beverley. At each of the three sites there was no indication of a need for higher rates of nitrogen fertilizers with time to maintain yields. At Wongan Hills and Merredin, yields were depressed in most years when the highest rate of ammonium sulphate was used each year. Grain protein contents were low and did not decrease with time.

Field experiments comparing ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and urea combine-drilled with spring barley

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Devine ◽  
M. R. J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Yields

1. Twenty-one experiments were carried out in various parts of England and Scotland in 1959–61 comparing two or more of the nitrogen sources ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and urea, combine-drilled in compound fertilizers for spring barley.2. Ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate combine-drilled at rates from 35 to 105 lb./acre of nitrogen checked early growth slightly in some of the experiments, with no important difference between the two sources, which also gave similar grain yields.3. Calcium nitrate and urea combine-drilled at 45 lb./acre of nitrogen had no large effect on early growth, while at 70 and 90 lb./acre both fertilizers seriously delayed brairding and reduced the plant population in many of the experiments, especially in eastern England. They gave lower yields than ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate in many of the experiments in which early growth was affected, and gave lower mean yields at all rates of application.4. In eleven of the experiments, broadcast applications of two or more of the four nitrogen fertilizers were compared. All sources gave similar mean yields.5. There was a slightly smaller yield from combine drilling than from broadcasting ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate, and a markedly smaller yield from calcium nitrate and urea.

Side-placing urea and other nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
A. Penny ◽  
R. J. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers

1. Laboratory experiments compared alternative ways of placing urea for wheat. Urea greatly increased the pH in the seed-row; placed in contact with seeds, it killed many plants, but did not when placed 1 in. to the side of the seed.2. A combine-drill was modified so that, by simple adjustments, fertilizers could be placed in contact with the seed, or at 1 in. to the side of the seed, or broadcast over the seed-bed.3. Fifteen experiments with spring barley and one with spring wheat, made from 1960–62, compared yields from urea with yields from ammonium sulphate; calcium nitrate and sodium nitrate were tested in seven and in six experiments, respectively.

scholarly journals Nutrient nitrogen management for disease control in strawberry

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Walter ◽  
B. Braithwaite ◽  
B.J. Smith ◽  
G.I. Langford
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
N Application ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Important Disease

Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum are important strawberry pathogens Nitrogen (N) application can increase yield but also susceptibility to pathogens Strawberry plants (Camarosa and Ventana) were grown in sand fertilised with base nutrients plus ammonium nitrate ammonium sulphate or calcium nitrate at low (40 ppm N) and high (140 ppm N) concentration Controls consisted of base nutrients only and water only Flower production fruit yield and berry size all increased with increasing Nconcentration but Nsource itself was not important Disease susceptibility was affected by both Nconcentration and Nsource At high Nconcentration C acutatum fruit lesions were largest in ammonium sulphate treatments > ammonium nitrate > calcium nitrate; Botryits cinerea lesions were largest in ammonium nitrate > ammonium sulphate > calcium nitrate Similar trends were observed for leaf susceptibility to the two pathogens These data suggest that calcium nitrate may be a suitable source of nitrogen helping growers to reduce disease risk

scholarly journals Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone as sources of nitrogen for oats and barley

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Pentti Hänninen ◽  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cent Level

Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone (»Oulunsalpietari») were compared as the nitrogen fertilizer for oats in 15 field trials and for barley in one trial. The trials were carried out in summers 1959 and 1960 in various places in Finland. The split plot technique was employed in order to reduce the variation as much as possible. In 1959 the amounts of nitrogen applied as these two fertilizers to the corresponding halves of the plots were 25 and 50 kg/ha. In 1960 also higher applications were used: 75 and 100 kg/ha of N. In three trials these fertilizers were compared both as a surface dressing and worked in. Visual observations suggested about 5—6 weeks after sowing a darker green colour in the stands treated with calcium nitrate as compared with the other half treated with ammonium nitrate limestone. These differences later disappeared. In some trials a higher nitrogen content of the plants from the calcium nitrate stands could be demonstrated during this period. The uptake of nitrogen by plants was regularly followed throughout the growing period. Owing to the large variation, usually, no statistically significant difference between the effect of the fertilizers could be detected. In a few cases the superiority of calcium nitrate could be demonstrated. No differences in the ripening could be found. In most trials there was a fairly regular tendency to higher yields and higher nitrogen content in the grain and straw produced by calcium nitrate. Yet, only in a few cases were the differences statistically significant at the five per cent level. Thus, it was concluded that on the basis of the results of these trials ammonium nitrate limestone and calcium nitrate may be considered practically equal as nitrogen fertilizers for oats. There was no difference in the yields of barley produced by these two fertilizers, but the nitrogen content of grains was significantly lower with ammonium nitrate limestone than with calcium nitrate. This may be worth further study in connection with the production of malting barley.

Fertilisation azotée en forêt de pin gris (Pinusbanksiana). I. Cheminement des engrais dans le sol

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-422
Author(s):  
C. Camiré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Coated Urea

Six nitrogen fertilizers (urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea-formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate) were individually applied, either in fall or in spring, at a rate of 224 kg N/ha and compared for nitrogen retention in the different horizons of a podzol under jack pine. Despite its susceptibility to nitrogen losses through ammonia volatilization, urea was by far, among readily available nitrogen fertilizers, the one whose nitrogen is best retained in soil surface horizons. Retention varied with weather conditions that prevailed immediately after fertilizer application. With the other fertilizers used, nitrogen retention followed this order: ammonium sulfate > ammonium nitrate > calcium nitrate. After four seasons, about 50% of the nitrogen applied as sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde was still found in its original form. Ammonium sulfate is next to urea among the recommended nitrogen sources for similar jack pine sites, considering that fertilizers with nitrate are prone to leaching and the sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde used presented problems of nitrogen availability.

CALCIUM NITRATE COMPARED WITH AMMONIUM NITRATE AS A FERTILIZER AND AMENDMENT FOR SOLONETZIC SOILS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. CAIRNS ◽  
R. S. LAVADO ◽  
G. R. WEBSTER
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Solonetz Soil

Application of Ca(NO3)2 to a Black Solonetz soil at Vegreville, Alberta provided the known beneficial effects of NH4NO3 in increasing yields and improving the chemical and physical properties of the Ap and Bnt horizons without the harmful increase in soil acidity associated with the use of NH4NO3.

Effects of Different Foliar-applied Nitrogen Fertilizers on Balsam Woolly Aphid

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roderick Carrow ◽  
Robert E. Betts
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Induced Changes

Balsam woolly aphids were reared on young grand fir trees maintained in controlled environment or outdoors. Solutions of various nitrogen fertilizers were applied repeatedly to the trees and the effects on aphids and bark amino acids were studied. On trees fertilized with ammonium nitrate or a sequence of compounds, aphid population growth was less than on trees fertilized with urea or potassium ammonium nitrate. On urea-fertilized trees, populations multiplied 16.5 times in five generations, compared with a 5.7-fold increase on unfertilized trees and a 1.4-fold increase on ammonium nitrate-fertilized trees. These differences resulted from effects of these nutrients on aphid life history. Urea promoted aphid establishment and reproduction, whereas ammonium nitrate affected these processes, as well as survival, adversely. The highest establishment and survival rates resulted from potassium ammonium nitrate.These differences may be related to fertilizer-induced changes in the amino acid diet of the aphid. Thin layer electrophoresis and chromatography revealed that urea, ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate each increased arginine concentrations in the bark, the highest levels resulting from ammonium nitrate. Traces of phenylalanine and asparagine, found in other treatments, were absent from trees fertilized with ammonium nitrate during June.

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