scholarly journals Determination of plant-available manganese from soils by acid ammonium acetate-EDTA extraction

1991 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Oili Mohammadi ◽  
Markku Yli-Halla ◽  
Väinö Mäntylahti
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Edta Extraction

Manganese was extracted with a solution containing 0.5 M NH4-acetate, 0.5 M acetic acid and 0.02 M Na2 -EDTA at pH 4.65 (AAAc-EDTA) from 86 soil samples collected from plough layers in Finland. The results were compared to the quantities of exchangeable, reducible (three methods) and total Mn of the soil samples as well as to Mn uptake in a pot experiment in which four yields of ryegrass were grown. MnAAAc-EDTA ranged from 1.8 to 158.8 mg/kg, mean 32.2 mg/kg. MnAAAc-EDTA correlated more closely with reducible Mn (r = 0.82*** -0.87***) than with total Mn (r = 0.50***) or exchangeable Mn (r = 0.45***), suggesting a relationship between reducible Mn and MnAAAc-EDTA. In order to take into account the effect of pH on plant-availability of MnAAAc-EDTA, the MnAAAc-EDTA indices were multiplied by two different pH correction coefficients. The pH correction resulted in a closer correlation between MnAAAc-EDTA and exchangeable Mn, but in a poorer correlation between MnAAAc-EDTA and reducible Mn. The pH-corrected MnAAAc-EDTA indices or exchangeable Mn explained the variation in the Mn content of the first ryegrass yield to a higher degree (R2 = 33—38 %) than did the original indices (R2 = 3 %). However, the original indices explained 38—55 % of the variation in the Mn content of subsequent ryegrass yields, whereas the pH-corrected indices explained only 16—34 % of the variation. Thus, MnAAAc-EDTA is an indicator of the potentially plant-available reserves of Mn, while the pH-corrected indices reflect the quantity of the readily available Mn in the soil.

scholarly journals Sulphur status in Finnish cultivated soils

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-215
Author(s):  
Johan Korkman
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Sulphur Uptake ◽  
Cultivated Soils

A method for determining total sulphur in plant material and soil samples using the induction furnace technique and subsequent turbidimetric determination of sulphate sulphur was discussed. A procedure for extracting sulphur from soil samples with ammonium acetate (pH 4.65), the interference of the organic matter being reduced by oxidation of the extract with H2O2, was proposed. Sulphur balance in Finnish cultivated soils was estimated by taking into account the average amounts of emitted (8 kg S/ha/yr.), precipitated (8 kg S/ha/yr.) and leached (8 kg S/ha/yr.) sulphur. The actual situation in the cultivated soils seems thus to be depending, on an average, on the uptake by plants and the sulphur applied (12 kg S/ha/yr. in the early 1970s). In 104 samples of cultivated soil, the content of total sulphur showed a slight correlation with the content of organic carbon. The amounts of sulphur extracted in various ways were not predictable by means of the soil characteristics used (pHCaCl2, org. C and texture). Extracted sulphur did not correlate sufficiently with the development and sulphur uptake of plants. Under field conditions in northern Finland, sulphur application produced a relatively distinct result in respect both to the ley yields on Carex peat, and their sulphur content. On mineral soils in southern Finland the yields were unaffected by supplementary fertilization with sulphur. In the pot experiments performed a fairly close relationship between sulphur and nitrogen was demonstrated.

scholarly journals New Oligothienyl-Imidazo-Phenanthroline Chromophores for NLO Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M.F. Batista ◽  
Susana P.G. Costa ◽  
Carlos Lodeiro ◽  
Michael Belsley ◽  
E. de Matos Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Materials ◽  
Optical Nonlinearities ◽  
Thiophene Derivatives

A new series of oligothienyl-imidazo-phenanthrolines 3 were synthesised in good to excellent yields by condensation of 5,6-phenantroline-dione 2 with formyl-thiophene derivatives 1 in the presence of ammonium acetate in glacial acetic acid. Furthermore, their solvatochromism and molecular optical nonlinearities were determined and comparatively studied. The experimental results indicate that phenanthrolines 3, due to their moderate solvatochromic properties and good optical nonlinearities, could be used as suitable probes for the determination of solvent polarity and as nonlinear optical materials.

Aluminium, extractable from soil samples by the acid ammonium acetate soil-testing method

1968 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Osmo Mäkitie
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Solution ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
The Mean

The extractant, 0.5 M acetic acid –0.5 M ammonium acetate at pH 4.65, which is used in soil-testing, extracts relatively high amounts of aluminium from acid soils. The mean values of acetate-extractable aluminium at pH 4.65, 1.75 meq Al/100 g of soil, and of exchangeable aluminium (M KCI extraction), 0.41 meq Al were obtained from a material of 30 samples of acid soils (Table 2). Several other acetic acid ammonium acetate extractants, from M acetic acid to M ammonium acetate solution were also used for studying the extractability of soil aluminium. The soil-testing extractant can be used for the estimation of the soluble amounts of aluminium in acid soils, however, further studies are needed for a better interpretation of the ammonium acetate extractable (at pH 4.65) aluminium in our soils.

Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Desfuroylceftiofur Metabolite of Ceftiofur as Residue in Cattle Plasma

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem S Jaglan ◽  
Byron L Cox ◽  
Thomas S Arnold ◽  
Marc F Kubicek ◽  
Dorothy J Stuart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Plasma Sample ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Mobile Phase Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed for the determination of the desfuroylceftiofur metabolite of ceftiofur as a residue in the plasma of animals. Plasma sample in 0.1 M pH 8.7 phosphate buffer containing dithioerythritol is Incubated under nitrogen for 15 min at 50°C. The sample is centrifuged, charged to a C18 cartridge, and washed with 0.1M ammonium acetate. The desfuroylceftiofur residue on the cartridge Is derivatized by adding 0.1M ammonium acetate containing iodoacetamide and letting the cartridge stand in the dark for 30 min. The cartridge is then drained and rinsed, and the desfuroylceftiofur acetamide is eluted with methanol. The mixture is evaporated to dryness, dissolved in pH 10.6 sodium hydroxide, and charged to a SAX cartridge. The derivative is eluted with 2% acetic acid, reduced In volume, and dissolved in mobile phase for liquid chromatography. The LC system includes a C8 column and guard cartridge with UV detection at 254 nm. The gradient mobile phase (flow rate 1 mL/mln) is 0.01M pH 5 ammonium acetate programmed to 29 % methanol-water (60 + 40) in 25 min. Recoveries were 90-100% with a sensitivity of 0.1 ppm or less. The procedure has been applied to the plasma of cattle, rats, horses, pigs, and dogs.

scholarly journals Copper, zinc and manganese in soils of two watersheds in Santa Catarina with intensive use of pig slurry

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1445-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis Mattias ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ceretta ◽  
Cristiano Nunes Nesi ◽  
Eduardo Girotto ◽  
Eder Efrain Trentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Pig Husbandry

Systematic pig slurry application to crop soils may lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in regions with intensive pig raising. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of Cu, Zn and Mn in soils under systematic pig slurry application. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from two of the most representative watersheds of Santa Catarina where the predominant activity is pig raising. In each watershed, 12 properties were chosen to evaluate the different systems of pig husbandry (complete cycle (CC), farrowing (FaU) and finishing units (FiU)). Based on information of the producers, soil samples were collected in areas with and without systematic manure application. To determine the total Cu, Zn and Mn content in soils and manure, a methodology proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States (USEPA), method nº 3050B, was used. For the available heavy metal content, Cu and Zn was extracted with HCl 0.1 mol L-1 and Mn with KCl 1 mol L-1. Data were subjected to multivariate analysis, using the canonical discriminant analysis to identify the metals that best differentiate the soils studied within each swine housing system. Successive pig slurry applications cause an increase in Cu, Zn and Mn availability in the soil and this indicates the need for monitoring of the metal concentrations over time. The critical values of Cu in the soil can be reached and exceeded more rapidly than Zn. The results showed that the soil type may be one of the attribute underlying the determination of public policies in pig raising and waste management because soils such as Inceptisols were shown to be more prone to possible contamination since they may more rapidly reach total critical Cu levels.

A new method for the determination of total phosphoric acid in soils

1942 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
J. G. Shrikhande
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Selenium Compounds ◽  
Ferric Phosphate ◽  
Cause Of Failure

McLean's shorter method of H2SO4-HNO3 digestion of the soil for total P2O5 failed on some red soils from Ceylon, although Hall's HC1 method gave satisfactory results. The cause of failure of the McLean method was interference by the larger quantities of various bases extracted by H2SO4-HNO3.After first separating the total phosphoric acid as ferric phosphate, McLean's method produced results closely agreeing with those obtained by Hall's method. Total phosphates were separated by first neutralizing the acids in the soil digest and then precipitating the HC1 solutions of the neutralized product by sodium acetate and acetic acid. On boiling, all the phosphoric acid in the soil extract was separated as ferric phosphate. HNO3 solution of this ferric phosphate when precipitated in the usual way gave a clean yellow precipitate of ammonium phospho-molybdate.H2SO4-Se served as a good substitute for H2SO4-HNO3 in soil digestions and the results obtained were substantially the same as by Hall's method or by the modified McLean's method. H2SO4-Se digestion has certain advantages, such as the possibility of determining both nitrogen and phosphoric acid on the same soil digest.When selenium is used as catalyst and the phosphate separated by ammonium acetate and acetic acid, the HNO3 solution of total phosphates produces a white precipitate of a complex ammonium selenito-molybdate along with ammonium phospho-molybdate when precipitated by ammonium molybdate. This defect was eliminated after replacing ammonium acetate by sodium acetate.Attention is drawn to the unexpected behaviour of selenium compounds of phosphoric acid formed during soil digestion towards the reagents used for precipitating total phosphates.

Column-Chromatographic Analysis of Naturally Fluorescing Compounds: II. Rapid Analysis of Indoleacetic Acid and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid in Biological Samples

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1376-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
D D Chilcote
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Biological Extracts ◽  
Strong Anion Exchange ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Buffer ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract A previously described [Clin. Chem. 18, 778( 1972)] chromatographic separation and fluorometric system has been adapted to determination of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in body fluids and biological extracts. A strong anion-exchange resin, "Aminex A-27," is used. The indoleacetic acids are eluted at 60°C with a single ammonium acetate-acetic acid buffer. No gradient programming or post-column reaction designed to enhance the fluorescence of the desired compounds is necessary. The sensitivity of the detector allows analysis of 100 ng of each acid in the sample loaded onto the column.

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