scholarly journals Yau̯nā and Sakā: Identity Constructions at the Margins of the Achaemenid Empire

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
Silvia Balatti
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Achaemenid Empire ◽  
Identity Constructions ◽  
The World ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
Structural Perspective

The Achaemenid Empire can be reasonably considered an “empire of peoples” from both an ideological and structural perspective. It included all the lands of the peoples of the world and all people helped to maintain imperial order and prosperity. In reality, the empire had boundaries and there were peoples who lived near and beyond them. Under King Darius I, groups of people were annexed at the northeastern and northwestern margins of the imperial territory, thus entering the imperial space and consequently also the Achaemenid documents. The border peoples of the Yau̯nā and Sakā were the only peoples of the empire to be differentiated through epithets, which were added to their collective names in the texts. This shows a unique process of group identity constructions by the authorities on the edges of the imperial space. The analysis of the system of epithets used to indicate the Yau̯nā and Sakā conducted in this paper allows us to draw some conclusions on the mechanisms and reasons behind these specific forms of identity constructions at the margins. Moreover, it shows how this process reflected the main directions of imperial expansion under the first Achaemenids.

scholarly journals Tattoos in Psychodermatology

Psych ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
İlknur Kıvanç Altunay ◽  
Sibel Mercan ◽  
Ezgi Özkur
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Body Art ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Permanent Form

Tattooing is a permanent form of body art applied onto the skin with a decorative ink, and it has been practiced from antiquity until today. The number of tattooed people is steadily increasing as tattoos have become popular all over the world, especially in Western countries. Tattoos display distinctive designs and images, from protective totems and tribal symbols to the names of loved or lost persons or strange figures, which are used as a means of self-expression. They are worn on the skin as a lifelong commitment, and everyone has their own reasons to become tattooed, whether they be simply esthetic or a proclamation of group identity. Tattoos are representations of one’s feelings, unconscious conflicts, and inner life onto the skin. The skin plays a major role in this representation and is involved in different ways in this process. This article aims to review the historical and psychoanalytical aspects of tattoos, the reasons for and against tattooing, medical and dermatological implications of the practice, and emotional reflections from a psychodermatological perspective.

“To Make the World One in Christ Jesus”

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-592
Author(s):  
Gavin James Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Transnational Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
In Christ

Scholarship on nineteenth-century missionary encounters emphasizes either how native converts “indigenized” Christian doctrine and practice, or how missionaries acted as agents of Western imperial expansion. These approaches, however, overlook the ways both missionaries and converts understood Protestant Christianity as a call to transnational community. This essay examines the ways that American Protestants and East Asian Christian converts looked for ways to build a transpacific communion. Despite radically different understandings of Christian scripture, and despite the geopolitics of empire, U.S. and East Asian Protestants nevertheless strove to bring together diverse theologies and experiences into a loosely defined, transnational Protestant community.

The Politics and Effects of Religious Grievance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Muchlinski
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Religious Resources

Despite international guarantees to respect religious freedom, governments around the world often impose substantial restrictions on the abilities of some religious groups to openly practice their faith. These regulations on religious freedom are often justified to promote social stability. However, research has demonstrated a positive correlation between restrictions on religious freedom and religious violence. This violence is often thought to be a result of grievances arising from the denial of a religious group’s right to openly practice its faith. These grievances encourage violence by (a) encouraging a sense of common group identity, (b) encouraging feelings of hostility toward groups imposing those regulations, and (c) facilitating the mobilization of religious resources for political violence.

scholarly journals Philosophical and epistemological foundations of a post-structural writing lesson

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (51) ◽  
pp. 13-34
Author(s):  
Marlene V Meisels
Keyword(s):  
Structural Theory ◽  
Developmental Writing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Structural Perspective

In the world of research or instruction, operating from different philosophical and epistemological traditions results in very different kinds of classrooms. I use a post-structural perspective to show how a teacher could conduct a college developmental writing lesson. Included is an overview of post-structural theory. I suggest one way to accommodate diversity in the classroom is by building both teachers’ and students’ awareness of epistemological positions, because some positions empower students more than others. Another reason for examining epistemologies is to cultivate awareness of the social, religious, political, and other assumptions or agendas with which we enter the classroom.  

scholarly journals Przemyślenia pod rozwagę, niekoniecznie do zastosowania. O dzisiejszej edukacji historycznej w Polsce

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Marcin Kula
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
The World ◽  
History Teacher ◽  
Practical Sense

For the teaching of history in schools to be effective, it must be useful for something – either in an intellectual sense (for a better understanding of the world) or in a practical sense (for various professions related to the humanities). The only purpose of teaching an “encyclopedia of facts” is that it is good to have a minimum of knowledge in every field. Teaching history to mark group identity is acceptable, as is any education in the field of national culture, provided it is not exclusive with regard to the heritage and achievements of others. As a history teacher, the author does not accept the teaching of history for the purpose of inculcating a sense of national pride. He would like the study of history to increase the intellectual abilities of students, and in effect, their wisdom.

scholarly journals Linguistic genocide or linguicide?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua James Zwisler
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Language Loss ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
The World

Forced language loss is a reality for many communities around the world and language loss brings with it an entire spectrum of negativities. This article examines two of the most common terms that are used in linguistics for forced language loss – linguistic genocide and linguicide. The terms are almost synonymous and recognize that the ultimate aim of forced language loss is usually forced assimilation or the destruction of group identity. However, through a critical reading of both terms, linguicide is argued as the preferred term for use in linguistics as linguistic genocide gives rise to linguistic essentialist positions that may harm communities that have suffered forced language loss.

scholarly journals Responsibility, God and society: The cry of the Other in the sacred texts as a challenge towards responsible global citizenship

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann-Albrecht Meylahn
Keyword(s):  
Global Citizenship ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
Identity Constructions ◽  
The World ◽  
Cosmopolitan Citizenship ◽  
Global World

The article seeks to respond to the question: What role can the sacred texts play in the construction of a Christian identity that is responsible to the Other in a pluralistic global world? The sacred texts of the Judaic-Christian tradition offer not only an understanding of the wholly otherness of God, but also form the basis of our understanding and perception of humanity (anthropology), the world and ourselves (personhood/identity). This understanding is constructed in the context of responding to the call of the wholly Other and the others. Identities are traditionally constructed through the identification and exclusion of differences (otherness), thus leading to an ethic of exclusion and responsibility only to oneself/ourselves. Yet these identity-forming texts harbour a persistent otherness, which challenges these traditional identities by interrupting them with a call to responsibility toward the other. The otherness harboured in these texts takes various forms, namely: The otherness of the ancient world to our world, the otherness of the transcendental Other, and the otherness of the text itself, as there is always a différance that has not yet been heard. These various forms of otherness, of our identity-forming texts, deconstruct our identity constructions, thus calling us to a continuous responsibility towards the other. This call could form the basis of a Christian identity and ethic of global cosmopolitan citizenship that is always responding to the eschatological interruption by the other, who is not yet present or who has not been offered presence.

Past Scents

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Reinarz
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Community Or ◽  
The World ◽  
Olfactory Sense ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global North

This book offers a historiography of smell from ancient to modern times. Synthesizing existing scholarship in the field, it shows how people have relied on their olfactory sense to understand and engage with both their immediate environments and wider corporal and spiritual worlds. This broad survey demonstrates how each community or commodity possesses, or has been thought to possess, its own peculiar scent. Through the meanings associated with smells, osmologies develop—what cultural anthropologists have termed the systems that utilize smells to classify people and objects in ways that define their relations to each other and their relative values within a particular culture. European Christians, for instance, relied on their noses to differentiate Christians from heathens, whites from people of color, women from men, virgins from harlots, artisans from aristocracy, and pollution from perfume. This reliance on smell was not limited to the global North. Around the world, the book shows, people used scents to signify individual and group identity in a morally constructed universe where the good smelled pleasant and their opposites reeked. The book is a useful and entertaining look at the history of one of our most important but least-understood senses.

Memory Deviants

2017 ◽  
pp. 145-185
Author(s):  
Robyn Autry
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Collective Narratives ◽  
Identity Constructions ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Chapter 4 asks, “What can deviant forms of remembering tell us about the normative project of collective remembrance?” This chapter draws on newspaper articles, blogs, and interviews to explore the world of “memory deviants” who refuse to engage in ‘socially responsible” forms of remembering and the identity constructions implicit in them. This chapter investigates the limits of constructing a consensus-driven collective memory through the lens of dissenting voices, particularly those of the people meant to identify with revised collective narratives.

The Rhetoric of Empire in the Scottish Mission in North America, 1732–63

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Jamie J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Moral Improvement ◽  
The World ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
William Robertson ◽  
Shed Light

In 1755, William Robertson delivered a sermon before the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge, entitled The Situation of the World at the Time of Christ's Appearance…. He addresses British imperial expansion and its prospects for civil and moral improvement, while denouncing the moral decay manifest in the growth of slavery and exploitation of natives. Through advocating a considered balance between submission to revealed religious principles and the exercise of reason, Robertson stresses the necessity of both for promoting virtue and preventing vice. The SSPCK, an organisation dedicated to spreading ‘reformed Christianity’ as a catalyst of cultural progress (and thus the growth of virtue) among rural Scots and Natives in North America, was responding to a perceived lack of government commitment to this very task. Empire provided the framework for mission, yet the government's secular agenda often outweighed religious commitments. This article makes use of SSPCK sermons from the eighteenth century to trace the attitudes of Scottish churchmen and missionaries towards the institutions and motives driving empire, in a period when they too were among its most prominent agents. This will shed light on the Scottish church's developing views on empire, evangelism, race, improvability and the role of government.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document