scholarly journals The Blockchain and DLTs in the Maritime Industry: Potential and Barriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Panos ◽  
G. Kapnissis ◽  
H. C. Leligou
Keyword(s):  
Significant Part ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Paper Form ◽  
Security Concerns

In the shipping industry, a significant part of the documents exchanges still have the traditional paper form, mainly due to security concerns, despite the size and modernization efforts of this market. We explore the adoption of the blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies to address document exchange in a fast and secure way.

Data Analysis in the Shipping Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 381-400
Author(s):  
Marcel Kyas ◽  
Joshua D. Springer ◽  
Jan Tore Pedersen ◽  
Valentina Chkoniya
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Data Flow ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
New Era ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Machine Communication

This chapter identifies the critical issues that must be addressed to accelerate the digital transition in the chartering market. The maritime industry is one of the pillars of global trade, where change is a constant. Again, shipping is at the cusp of a new era—one driven by data. The authors review the state-of-the-art technology that is useful to automate chartering processes. · The Fourth Industrial Revolution (or Industry 4.0) starts to change the bulk shipping markets leveraging the data flow between industrial processes in the physical and virtual world. · The internet of things accelerates data flow from things in the real world to the virtual world and enables us to control processes in real-time. Machine-to-machine communication, together with artificial intelligence, creates autonomous systems in many areas of production and logistics. Based on the gathered elements, eShip's case study was analyzed, and future steps have been defined for the data analysis in the shipping industry.

Implementation of 5G Communication Network for a Safe Operation of Autonomous and Conventional Ships

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
Abdelmoula Ait Allal ◽  
Loubna El Amrani ◽  
Abdelfatteh Haidine ◽  
Khalifa Mansouri ◽  
Mohamed Youssfi
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Communication Service ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Maritime Communication

The enhanced automation of the shipping industry has increased the demand of real data exchange. The ship-owners are looking more and more to optimize the operational cost of ship, to monitor remotely the cargo and to ensure a satisfactory level of safety and security, in compliance with the international maritime organization requirements. As per international convention for the safety of life at sea requirements, a conventional ship must carry a global maritime distress safety system, depending on the sea areas where it is operating. We assume that assuring a reliable communication service in the shipping industry is a challenging issue, in an era of internet of things and the need for a ship to be continuously connected to its ecosystem. This connectivity should be with a high data rate transmission. However, the future implementation of autonomous ship beside the existing conventional ship as an alternative for a sustainable maritime industry, requires the implementation of a reliable and cost-effective communication carrier, capable to transfer operational data on live basis from ship-to-ship and from ship-to-shore without interruption with a very low latency. To achieve this goal, we propose in this work, the implementation of 5G network as a maritime communication carrier, using unmanned aerial vehicle base stations, which are placed at optimum positions. This placement results in a maximization of uplink and downlink communication data rate, low latency and efficient optimization of transmission power. These make of 5G a potential maritime communication service carrier, capable to support the safe operation of deep-sea conventional vessels and the future deployment of autonomous ships.

scholarly journals Restructuring seafarers’ welfare under the Maritime labour convention: an empirical case study of Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-389
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Lijun Zhao ◽  
Olga Vata ◽  
Sriram Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Security Benefits ◽  
World Maritime ◽  
Of Greece

Purpose This paper aims to examine three of the major issues relating to the welfare of seafarers, including wages, social security benefits and onboard and ashore welfare facilities and services. It is impossible to research all countries here, so this paper selects Greece – which is one of today’s primary shipping countries as for shipowning, as well as for global supply and demand for seafarers – to conduct an empirical case study. Design/methodology/approach Based on the existing knowledge and scholarship, and primary data collected in several phases of fieldwork, this paper intends to critically examine three major issues relating to the welfare for Greek seafarers, namely, wages, social security benefits and onboard and ashore welfare facilities and services. Findings This paper finds that they face poor labour conditions, which are getting worse due to the depressed world and Greek economies and intense financial pressures on shipping companies. The entry into force of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006 has a significant impact on the world maritime industry. Research limitations/implications This paper critically examines the three major issues relating to the welfare of Greek seafarers. Originality/value Such issues, which Greece is facing are also common in other countries, so the findings and suggestions revealed from this paper are of importance for the global shipping industry and other states.

scholarly journals ‘‘Blocks of Lading"

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Jake Michael Herd
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Bill Of Lading ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Maritime Shipping ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Model Law ◽  
The Right

The bill of lading has, for centuries, been an integral component in the maritime shipping industry. However, the stagnation in the development of this legal instrument is contrasted with the exponential rate of development in other areas of commercial practice, which highlights the financial costs and delays associated with the use of bills of lading. The purpose of this paper is to present a modern alternative to the current paper-based bill of lading system that accounts for the practical and legal requirements of the incumbent instrument and also overcomes the deficiencies inherent in paper-based bills of lading. In the context of the regulatory uncertainty of bills of lading based on distributed ledger technology, this paper discusses approaches to regulating this new technology so as to achieve the same legal effects that the traditional, paper-based bill of lading provides. This paper presents two methods for regulating distributed ledger technology when applied to maritime shipping: the first is based on the principle of functional equivalence, which can be employed in domestic legislation, and the second is based on the Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records. I conclude that, while both approaches represent steps in the right direction, the latter would imbue this technology with sufficient legal certainty so as to spark a marine cargo carriage revolution and facilitate a productive disruption of the current industry practice. 

scholarly journals Distributed Ledger Technology as a Tool for Environmental Sustainability in the Shipping Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Srdjan Vujičić ◽  
Nermin Hasanspahić ◽  
Maro Car ◽  
Leo Čampara
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology

In recent years, many industries have adopted technology and digital systems to automate, expedite and secure specific processes. Stakeholders in maritime transport continue to exchange physical documents in order to conduct business. The monitoring of supply chain goods, communication among employees, environmental sustainability and longevity control, along with time framing, all create challenges to many industries. Everyday onboard work, such as cargo operations, navigation and various types of inspections in shipping, still requires paper documents and logs that need to be signed (and stamped). The conversion of traditional paper contracts into smart contracts, which can be digitalized and read through automation, provides a new wave of collaboration between eco systems across the shipping industry. Various data collected and stored on board ships could be used for scientific purposes. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) could be used to collect all those data and improve shipping operations by process expediting. It could eliminate the need to fill in various documents and logs and make operations safer and more environmentally friendly. Information about various important procedures onboard ships could be shared among all interested stakeholders. This paper considers the possible application of distributed ledger technology as an aid for the control of overboard discharge of wastewater from commercial ships. The intended outcome is that it could help protect the environment by sending data to relevant stakeholders in real time, thus providing information regarding the best discharge areas. The use of a structured communal data transference would ensure a consistent and accurate way to transmit data to all interested parties, and would eliminate the need to fill in various paper forms and logs. Wastewater overboard discharges would be properly monitored, recorded and measured, as distributed ledger technology would prevent any possibility of illegal actions and falsification of documents, thus ensuring environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Leading indicators and maritime safety: predicting future risk with a machine learning approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Kretschmann
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

Abstract The shipping industry has been quite successful in reducing the number of major accidents in the past. In order to continue this development in the future, innovative leading risk indicators can make a significant contribution. If designed properly, they enable a forward-looking identification and assessment of existing risks for ship and crew, which in turn allows the implementation of mitigating measures before adverse events occur. Right now, the opportunity for developing such leading risk indicators is positively influenced by the ongoing digital transformation in the maritime industry. With an increasing amount of data from ship operation becoming available, these can be exploited in innovative risk management solutions. By combining the idea of leading risk indicators with data and algorithm-based risk management methods, this paper firstly establishes a development framework for designing maritime risk models based on safety-related data collected onboard. Secondly, the development framework is applied in a proof of concept where an innovative machine learning-based approach is used to calculate a leading maritime risk indicator. Overall, findings confirm that a data- and algorithm-based approach can be used to determine a leading risk indicator per ship, even though the achieved model performance is not yet regarded as satisfactory and further research is planned.

scholarly journals Nautical Tourism and Small Shipbuilding as Significant part of Blue Economy Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Alen Alempijević ◽  
Mirjana Kovačić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Blue Economy ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
The Eu

Nautical tourism is one of the major tourism sectors and the largest growing maritime industry in Europe, employing almost 3.2 million people. Nautical tourism is of great importance for Croatia and Croatia is increasingly promoted as one of the leading Mediterranean nautical destinations. Croatia’s insular and coastal nautical infrastructure offers its users adequate services, but services need to be continuously upgraded. At the same time, the development of the local community must not be subordinated to the development of a nautical destination. The authors analyze nautical tourism and small shipbuilding, two sectors that constitute the blue economy. The blue economy is analyzed with particular regard as a long-term strategy to support the sustainable growth of the marine and maritime sectors. The authors emphasize that the blue economy aims to stimulate sustainable economic development, create business opportunities and open jobs in the blue economy sectors of the EU countries. The importance of the blue economy for Croatia is analyzed and the results of the analysis presented.

scholarly journals Sustainability issues in maritime transport and main challenges of the shipping industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Koilo
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
The Relationship

Considering the rapid development of oceanic logistics, the maritime traffic is one of the worst offenders for air and water pollution. This paper primarily aims to explore the key concepts and terms applied to denote the sustainability issues in maritime transport and main challenges for the shipping industry. The present study investigates the existing sustainability frameworks on the relationship between sustainability and maritime industry. Also the author proposes to use modelling approaches to measure the relationship between oil prices, exchange rate, services export and ocean transport value added. The empirical findings indicate that growth rate of the crude oil prices has negative impact on ocean transport value added growth, and it can be traced that the oil industry has a strong influence on value creation in maritime clusters and their competitiveness, especially on the shipping sector. The analysis also sheds light on the impacts of relationship between environmental pollution and maritime cluster activity (through the validation of the EKC hypothesis in Norway). The current paper reveals that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The empirical evidences show that the links between CO2 emissions and ocean transport value added are more significant than with energy consumption indicator. It can be assumed that, due to the energy efficiency policy and technological leadership in the shipping industry, the environmental impact of energy use (renewable energy) has improved.

scholarly journals Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: How the Maritime Industry can Leverage Developments in Autonomy from other Domains

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Benson ◽  
P D Sumanth ◽  
A P Colling
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Maritime Shipping

Autonomous maritime vessels have gained a considerable amount of attention in recent years due to their promise of reduced crew costs, increased safety and increased flexibility. This paper explores how the maritime industry can leverage the developments in autonomy and other systems to contribute to the continued drive towards autonomous maritime systems. First, several key technological areas associated with autonomous maritime systems are identified; including navigation and control systems, data transmission and electrical energy propulsion. These technical areas are then compared with other autonomous systems including autonomous aircraft, automobiles and spacecraft to find overlaps and similarities. A set of representative patents are determined for each technological area across each of the different autonomous systems and is then used to estimate a technological improvement rate for each technology-system pair. These technological improvement rates are implemented in a Monte-Carlo Markov Chain model to explore the effects of the timing of the adoption of autonomous systems in the maritime shipping industry. The model indicates a technological feasibility date of maritime autonomous systems beginning in 2028 when leveraging autonomous developments from other domains.

The Influence of Leading-Edge Tubercles on the Sheet Cavitation Development of a Benchmark Marine Propeller

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callum Stark ◽  
Weichao Shi
Keyword(s):  
Leading Edge ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Marine Propeller ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Sheet Cavitation ◽  
Interaction Field ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Abstract Cavitation is an undesirable phenomenon in the maritime industry as it causes damage to the propeller, degrading hydrodynamic performance and increasing the subsequent underwater radiated noise (URN). Therefore, mitigating cavitation on marine propellers is an important area of research in order to reduce carbon emissions emitted from the shipping industry and reduce the rate at which ocean ambient noise levels are increasing. The Humpback whale has provided inspiration to research in the fluid-structure interaction field due to the presence of leading-edge (LE) tubercles on the pectoral fins that allow it to perform acrobatic maneuvers to catch prey. This paper assesses the cavitation containment capability of the LE tubercles on a benchmark marine propeller in both heavy and light cavitating conditions using commercial code STAR-CCM+, unsteady incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) solver and the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model to quantify the sheet cavitation present over a range of operating conditions. In summary, in heavy-cavitating conditions, a reduction in sheet cavitation with the inclusion of LE tubercles was observed to a maximum value of 2.75% in all operating conditions considered. A maximum improvement of 3.51% and 1.07% was predicted in propulsive thrust and hydrodynamic efficiency, respectively. In light cavitating conditions, although in some conditions a reduction in cavity volume was observed, this did not result in an improvement in hydrodynamic performance.

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