scholarly journals Design of a DC Microgrid System for a Remote Community in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Japhet Ozogbuda ◽  
M. Tariq Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Detailed Result ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Remote Community ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Edo State

This paper presents the design of a DC microgrid for a remote community in Edo State, Nigeria having a solar irradiance of 4.63 kWh/m2/day. The community is isolated and located far away from the city with no access to the electricity grid. There is a need for lighting and running of electronics, as the main source of lighting presently is kerosine, which is not efficient and leads to health issues. The community is made up of 9 residences that are not more than 100 m apart. House 1 was selected as the standard house with a load of 1 kWh/day, while the other 8 houses have a load difference of ±10% with reference to house 1. Using a 48 V DC bus, the designed PV system components comprise of a 100W solar photovoltaic (PV) panel and a 12 V 45 A·hr battery. The system was sized using Homer Pro. Optimization results presented various design for the various houses. The result obtained showed reasonable and feasible cost-effective solution in terms of the Net Present Cost in both installation and running of the hybrid system for the community. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to test the adaptability of the system using a solar irradiation input of ±10%. Detailed result of the analysis is presented in the paper.

scholarly journals Design and evalution of a solar PV system

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Imad Jawad Khadim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Average System ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

PV connected systems are worldwide installed because it allows consumer to reduce energy consumption from the electricity grid. This paper presents the results obtained from monitoring a 1.1 kWp. The system was monitored for nine months and all the electricity generated was fed to the fifth floor for physics and renewable energy building   220 V, 50 Hz. Monthly, and daily performance parameters of the PV system are evaluated which include: average generated of system Ah per day, average system efficiency, solar irradiation around these months. The average generated kWh per day was 8 kWh/day, the average solar irradiation per day was 5.6 kWh/m2/day, the average inverter efficiency was 95%, the average modules efficiency was 12%.

scholarly journals Real-Time Experimental Assessment of a New MPPT Algorithm Based on the Direct Detection of the Short-Circuit Current for a PV System

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 598-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Nzoundja Fapi ◽  
◽  
P. Wira ◽  
M. Kamta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Power Point

To substantially increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems, it is important that the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system has an output close to 100%.This process is handled by MPPT algorithms such as Fractional Open-Circuit Voltage (FOCV), Perturb and Observe (P&O), Fractional Short-Circuit Current (FSCC), Incremental Conductance (INC), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Neural Network (NN) controllers. The FSCC algorithm is simple to be implemented and uses only one current sensor. This method is based on the unique existence of the linear approximation between the Maximum Power Point (MPP) current and the short-circuit current in standard conditions. The speed of this MPPT optimization technic is fast, however this algorithm needs to short-circuit the PV panel each time in order to obtain the short circuit current. This process leads to energy losses and high oscillations. In order to improve the FSCC algorithm, we propose a method based on the direct detection of the shortcircuit current by simply reading the output current of the PV panel. This value allows directly calculating the short circuit current by incrementing or decrementing the solar irradiation. Experimental results show time response attenuation, little oscillations, power losses reduction and better MPPT accuracy of the enhanced algorithm compared to the conventional FSCC method.

scholarly journals Case Study Design of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Power System in Gaza-Strip and Genaralizing Aprogram Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Husam Awad ◽  
Naem Harb ◽  
Ghada abu Al goboz ◽  
Shareif Shurrab
Keyword(s):  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Load Demand

This paper considered the design of a stand-alone PV system that would be adequate to power a single residence and estimate the appropriate size of the solar panel. This system converts solar energy directly into electricity using photovoltaic principle in PV panel arrays. The electricity produced can be used to power most ac and dc electrical appliances. Inverter is used to convert the dc generated by the PV panels to ac for most domestic and industrial use. For continuous availability of power during days of autonomy (low insolation or cloudy days), battery storage system and charge controller (for battery charge and discharge control) are required. inverter, charge controller, battery, components interconnection wires. The sizing processes considered the quality of solar irradiation of the geographical location, effect of temperature de-rating, efficiency of components, system voltage selection, days of autonomy and load demand (in watt-hour). A residence in Gaza town was chosen as a case study. The minimum electrical load of 7.875kWh per day, household, Finally excel program simulation was designed to satisfy calculation equations process and generalize the program.

scholarly journals Research Survey on Various MPPT Performance Issues to Improve the Solar PV System Efficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pakkiraiah ◽  
G. Durga Sukumar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Solar Pv System

Nowadays in order to meet the increase in power demands and to reduce the global warming, renewable energy sources based system is used. Out of the various renewable energy sources, solar energy is the main alternative. But, compared to other sources, the solar panel system converts only 30–40% of solar irradiation into electrical energy. In order to get maximum output from a PV panel system, an extensive research has been underway for long time so as to access the performance of PV system and to investigate the various issues related to the use of solar PV system effectively. This paper therefore presents different types of PV panel systems, maximum power point tracking control algorithms, power electronic converters usage with control aspects, various controllers, filters to reduce harmonic content, and usage of battery system for PV system. Attempts have been made to highlight the current and future issues involved in the development of PV system with improved performance. A list of 185 research publications on this is appended for reference.

Development of Cost Effective Data Acquisition System to Evaluate the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Charles Franklin ◽  
M. Chandrasekar ◽  
D. Ansalam Mattius
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Abstract The thermal and electrical performance of the solar photovoltaic (PV) panel of a solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air system is determined experimentally in the present work. For this purpose, a data acquisition system was developed indigenously using ATMEL MEGA 2560 and ATMEL 328 microcontrollers. The parameters measured were PV panel surface temperature, inlet and outlet air temperatures, PV current, and voltage. The parameters were also compared with those of a reference PV system to demonstrate the effect of cooling of PV panel on its electrical power output. The experiments were performed in the locality of Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India (11 deg N latitude, 79 deg E longitude) and the working of the PV data acquisition was tested for a period of 3 months from February to April 2017. The results indicate acceptable working of the indigenously developed PV/PVT data acquisition system.

Određivanje optimalnih nagibnih uglova fotonaponskih panela uz uvažavanje smanjenja direktne komponente iradijacije usled efekata senki u fotonaponskim sistemima

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Nikola Krstić ◽  
◽  
Dardan Klimenta ◽  
Dragan , Tasić ◽  
Dragana Radosavljević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Shading Effect ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
One Year ◽  
Inclined Surface ◽  
Cloud Condition

This paper considers the influence of the tilt angle of photovoltaic (PV) panels on the total amount of insolation on the surface of these panels on a monthly and annual basis, with and without consideration of shading effect. Based on the obtained results, optimal tilt angles of the PV panels in order to achieve maximum insolation, are determined, as well as the optimal tilt angles for achieving maximum generated electrical energy, taking into account the temperature of the panel. Special attention in the paper is paid to the shading effect created by the panel rows within the PV system and its influence on the reduction of direct component of irradiation and optimal tilt angles for different distances between PV panel rows. In the paper two different models for solar insolation calculation were considered and described in detail, clear day model and real cloud condition model. In order to obtain the average daily solar irradiation on the inclined surface, in addition to appropriate extraterrestrial irradiations, available measurements of the irradiation on the horizontal surface during one year period were used.

Design and Performance Improvement of Mirror Augmented Photovoltaic Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prathusha Bodhanker ◽  
Ann Bradish ◽  
John Kelly Kissock
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Total Solar Irradiation ◽  
Photo Voltaic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

Augmenting photo-voltaic (PV) system performance using fixed flat mirrors boosts PV power output. Previous literature reports that fixed flat mirrors create non-uniform irradiance on the PV panels, which limits the current and decreases panel efficiency. Triplex panels have a modified cell string architecture that splits the panel into three separate sections to address this problem. This paper describes an experimental setup consisting of a pyranometer to measure total solar irradiation, an air temperature sensor, a standard PV panel with and without mirrors, and a triplex panel with and without mirrors. The sensor and PV panels are connected to Daystar Multi-tracer logger to collect the instantaneous data. The experiment is simulated using TracePro® to determine the distribution of radiation reflected onto the PV panels. Both simulated and measured results indicate the bottom part of the mirror augmented panels receive the most solar irradiance followed by middle portion, followed by top portion. The results document the difference in performance between standard and Triplex panels with fixed flat mirrors and suggest configurations that maximize performance.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Increase of Photovoltaic Electricity Feed-In on Congested Transmission Lines: A Case Study of The Netherlands

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2868
Author(s):  
Maaike Braat ◽  
Odysseas Tsafarakis ◽  
Ioannis Lampropoulos ◽  
Joris Besseling ◽  
Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Cost Efficient

In many areas in the world, the high voltage (HV) electricity grid is saturated, which makes it difficult to accommodate additional solar photovoltaic (PV) systems connection requests. In this paper, different scenarios to increase the installed PV capacity in a saturated grid are assessed on the basis of the net present value (NPV). The developed scenarios compare an increase of grid capacity, PV system azimuth variation, curtailment, and battery storage. For each scenario the net present value (NPV) is assessed using an optimization model as a function of the overbuild capacity factor, which is defined as the relative amount of PV capacity added beyond the available capacity. The scenarios are applied on a case study of the Netherlands, and the analysis shows that, by optimising curtailment, a PV system’s capacity can be increased to 120% overbuild capacity. For larger overbuild capacity investments in the electricity-grid are preferred when these costs are taken into account. However, the optimum NPV lies at 40% overbuild, thus the societal and NPV optimum are not always aligned. Furthermore, the use of a battery system as an alternative to an infrastructure upgrade was not found to be a cost-effective solution. Thus, applying curtailment could be cost-efficient to a certain extent to allow for additional PV capacity to be connected to a saturated grid. Furthermore, the inverter size compared to the installed PV capacity should be significantly reduced. For a connection request that exceeds 120% overbuild increasing network capacity should be considered.

Comparison between Seven MPPT Techniques Implemented in a Buck Converter

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-486
Author(s):  
Lahcen El Mentaly ◽  
Abdellah Amghar ◽  
Hassan Sahsah
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Buck Converter ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Power Point

Background: The solar field on our planet is inexhaustible, which favors the use of photovoltaic electricity which generates no nuisance: no greenhouse gases, no waste. Methods: It is a high value-added energy that is produced directly at the place of consumption through photovoltaic (PV) solar panels. Notwithstanding these advantages, the maximum power depends strongly on solar irradiation and temperature, which means that a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller must be inserted between the PV panel and the load in order to follow the Maximum Power Point (MPP) continuously and in real time. In this work, MPP’s behavior was simulated at different temperatures and solar irradiations using seven techniques which identify the MPP by different methods. Results: The novelty of this work is that the seven MPPT methods were compared according to a very selective criterion which is the MPPT efficiency as well as a purely digital duty cycle control without using the PI controller. The simulation under the PSIM software shows that the FLC, TP, FSCC, TG, HC and IC methods have almost the same efficiency of 99%, whereas the FOCV method had a low efficiency of 96%. Conclusion: This makes it possible to conclude that the best methods are FLC, HC and IC because they use fewer sensors compared to the rest.

scholarly journals Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Hexagonal Waveguide Concentrator for Solar Thermal Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2146
Author(s):  
Karunesh Kant ◽  
Karthik Nithyanandam ◽  
Ranga Pitchumani
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Process Heat ◽  
Solar Thermal Applications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operation And Maintenance Cost

This paper analyzes a novel, cost-effective planar waveguide solar concentrator design that is inspired by cellular hexagonal structures in nature with the benefits of facile installation and low operation and maintenance cost. A coupled thermal and optical analysis of solar irradiation through an ideal hexagonal waveguide concentrator integrated with a linear receiver is presented, along with a cost analysis methodology, to establish the upper limit of performance. The techno-economic model, coupled with numerical optimization, is used to determine designs that maximized power density and minimized the cost of heat in the temperature range of 100–250 °C, which constitutes more than half of the industrial process heat demand. Depending on the incident solar irradiation and the application temperature, the cost of heat for the optimal design configuration ranged between 0.1–0.27 $/W and 0.075–0.18 $/W for waveguide made of ZK7 glass and polycarbonate, respectively. A techno-economic analysis showed the potential of the technology to achieve cost as low as 80 $/m2 and 61 $/m2 for waveguide made of ZK7 glass and polycarbonate material, respectively, which is less than half the cost of state-of-the-art parabolic trough concentrators. Overall, the hexagonal waveguide solar concentrator technology shows immense potential for decarbonizing the industrial process heat and thermal desalination sectors.

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