scholarly journals Prevalence and Management Practices of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Cattle at Natore District of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Md Hakimul Haque ◽  
Rahul Krishna Roy ◽  
Farhana Yeasmin ◽  
Md. Fakhruzzaman ◽  
Tanjina Yeasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
The North ◽  
Import Restrictions

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a potentially contagious viral disease in cattle, caused by the Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which belongs to the family Poxviridae. The virus is suspected to spread via biological vectors such as mosquitoes, flies, ticks, and direct contact. It is a significant economic disease caused by a virus that causes significant losses in milk production, fertility, abortions, import restrictions, and, in some cases, death in the livestock animals. This study aimed to assess the current state of LSD and its management on several farms in the north-western region of Bangladesh. Data were obtained from two Upazilas in the Natore district (Natore Sadar and Baraigram) using a structured questionnaire. During the study period of 1 June to 20 December 2020, a total of 34 small farms and 87 animals were monitored. The OIE guidelines directed the diagnosis of LSD based on current clinical indicators. MS Excel and SPSS statistical software were used to evaluate all of the data. Morbidity, mortality, and case-fatality rates were found to be 64.70%, 2.94 %, and 4.53 % in Natore Sadar and 83.02 %, 3.77 %, and 4.55 % in Baraigram Upazilas, respectively. Female animals that were newly matured (2-4 years) were a larger prone to LSD infection (43.1%) than animals of other ages. A total of 34.43% illness was found in young bull cattle aged (2-4). Bull and heifer calves are also vulnerable populations, with reports of LSD infection leading to mortality. Limb swelling is a common clinical symptom, and LSD-positive young mature (2-4 year) cattle had the most significant rate (18.39%) of limb swelling. The farm hygiene practice is a critical determinant in the spread of LSDV, and a large proportion of cattle (48.27 %) infected with LSD were on farms with poor hygienic management, compared to good (01.14 %) and medium (01.14 %) hygienic management practices (26.43 %). Despite the fact that mosquito nets help prevent mosquitoes, most owners (91.17 %) did not use one in their cattle barn at night. More study is needed in Bangladesh to improve the clinical management of LSD, identify risk factors, and understand the molecular characteristics of diseases.

scholarly journals Hematological and serum biochemical findings in clinical cases of cattle naturally infected with lumpy skin disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameeh M Abutarbush
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Introduction: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute viral disease of cattle that is currently emerging in the Middle East region and poses a serious threat to Europe and the rest of the world. The objective of this study was to describe hematological and serum biochemical findings associated with natural clinical infection of LSD in cattle. Methodology: A total of 129 animals clinically infected with LSD were enrolled in the study. Venous blood sample were collected from study animals, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters were measured. Results: Leukocytopenia was found in 8.7%, while leucocytosis was found in 18.2% of affected cattle. Decreased hematocrit concentration was seen in 18.3%. Most affected cattle had reduced mean corpuscular volume (43.7%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (14.3%), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (11.5%). All cattle with abnormal platelets count had thrombocytopenia. Hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperproteinemia, and hyperalbuminemia were found in 69%, 59.6%, and 37.2% of affected cattle, respectively. Decreased creatinine concentration was seen in 65.8%. Hyperkalemia and hyperchloremia was found in 9.6% and 10.4% of the affected cattle, respectively. Conclusions: LSD appears to be associated with inflammatory leukogram, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperproteinemia, decreased creatinine concentration, hyperchloramia, and hyperkalemia. These are likely due to the associated severe inflammatory process and disease complications such as anorexia and reduced muscle mass. This is the first study that documents hematological and serum biochemical findings associated with LSD infection. Understanding the blood profile picture may give further insight to the pathogenesis of the disease and help in treatment of individual cattle.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vaccination with Live Attenuated Neethling Lumpy Skin Disease Vaccine on Milk Production and Mortality—An Analysis of 77 Dairy Farms in Israel

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Morgenstern ◽  
Eyal Klement
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Efficient Measure ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Cattle Farms

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important, arthropod borne viral disease of cattle. Vaccination by the live attenuated homologous Neethling vaccine was shown as the most efficient measure for controlling LSD. However, adverse effects due to vaccination were never quantified in a controlled field study. The aim of this study was to quantify the milk production loss and mortality due to vaccination against LSD. Daily milk production, as well as culling and mortality, were retrieved for 21,844 cows accommodated in 77 dairy cattle farms in Israel. Adjusted milk production was calculated for each day during the 30 days post vaccination. This was compared to the preceding month by fitting mixed effects linear models. Culling and mortality rates were compared between the 60 days periods prior and post vaccination, by survival analysis. The results of the models indicate no significant change in milk production during the 30 days post vaccination period. No difference was observed between the pre- and post-vaccination periods in routine culling, as well as in immediate culling and in-farm mortality. We conclude that adverse effects due to Neethling vaccination are negligible.

scholarly journals Occurrences of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Cattle in Dinajpur Sadar of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-455
Author(s):  
Sumon Sarkar ◽  
Mirza Mienur Meher ◽  
Mst Misrat Masuma Parvez ◽  
Mahfuza Akther
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Level Information

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute viral disease infectious of cattle and recently emerged very common in Bangladesh causing economic losses. Hence, this study was design to investigate the prevalence of LSD in considering the herd level and some of management status. Thus, a total of 453 sick animals were subjected to study during the period of April 2020 to July 2020 in Dinajpur. LSD was confirmed according to the clinical inspection and microscopic study of skin scraping. The results indicated that the overall prevalence of LSD was 41.06% in cattle. Moreover, the local breed (75%) and young cattle less than one year (64%) were significantly (p<0.001) higher for LSD with the significant (p<0.001) skin lesions in whole body (44%). In addition, the animal grazed in flock (61%), non-dewormed (58%), non-vaccinated (61%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher for LSD. In the same way, 75% prevalence was in without fly repellent (p<0.001). Afterward, the univariate logistic regression in herd level information had the odd ratio of local breed (95% CI: 0.244-0.553), skin lesions in abdominal regions (95% CI: 1.620-5.923) and pregnant cattle (95% CI: 1.057-3.386) was 0.367, 3.098 and 1.892 respectively indicated the likelihood of no LSD outbreaks. Besides this, the odd ratio of dewormed cattle, vaccinated, individually grazed, regular use of disinfectant and fly repellent farm animal was 1.493 (95% CI:1.024-2.177), 1.491 (95% CI:1.020-2.180), 1.656 (95% CI:1.133-2.421), 1.516 (95% CI:0.952-2.414) and 1.660 (95% CI:1.097-2.513), respectively indicated the likelihood of no LSD. Therefore, LSD infection can be greatly reduced by practicing regular vaccination, deworming, and disinfection, vector controlling and allowing grazing individually, especially with great concern to young female cattle of local breed. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 445-455,  December 2020

scholarly journals Emergence of the First Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreak Among Livestock in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2016.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Issimov ◽  
Nurkuisa Rametov ◽  
Kuandyk Zhugunissov ◽  
Lespek Kutumbetov ◽  
Assylbek Zhanabayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
The Republic ◽  
West Kazakhstan

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging transboundary viral disease of cattle originating from the African continent. Here we describe the first LSD outbreak reported in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in July 2016. Initially, LSD was reported in a cattle farm located 49 km from Kazakh &ndash;Russian border in, Atyrau Oblast in West Kazakhstan. Subsequently, the disease spread to neighbouring farms situated within the same district. Following a preliminary investigation, the local State Veterinary Service declared a strict quarantine according to the State Contingency Plan, along with immediate total stamping out and cattle movement restrictions. During the outbreak, the number of affected cattle within an epidemiological unit reached 459 cattle out of registered 3557 susceptible cattle with 12.90% morbidity and 0.96%, mortality. This manuscript presents the epidemiological situation, the diagnosis, the control measures including mass vaccination and the stamping out campaign.s

scholarly journals A survey of management practices and major diseases of dairy cattle in smallholdings in selected towns of Jimma zone, south-western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (15) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
Belay Duguma
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Context Smallholder dairy farming is becoming an important source of food, income and employment for many urban dwellers in Ethiopia. However, suboptimal productivity is a major constraint due to diseases and poor management practices. Aims The present work aimed at assessing management practices, dairy cattle diseases, and methods used by farmers to identify diseases on smallholdings in selected towns of Jimma zone, south-western Ethiopia. Methods Data for the study were obtained by surveying 52 dairy-keeping farmers by using a semi-structured questionnaire and personal observations. Key results The mean herd size of indigenous and crossbred cattle was 5 ± 0.04 and 2 ± 0.4 respectively. Natural pasture was the main source of feed with supplementation, mainly with agro-industrial by-products, concentrate mixes, non-conventional feeds and crop residues. In total, 75% of the respondents practiced a free-grazing system. Most (64%) of the respondents used natural service for breeding. In all, 64% and 35% of the respondents washed their hands and the teats respectively, before milking. In the order of decreasing percentage of respondents, the most frequently reported dairy cattle health problems were tick infestation, mastitis, lumpy skin disease, blackleg, heart water, facioliasis, trypanosomiasis, foot-and-mouth disease, pasteurellosis, brucellosis and anthrax. Repeated breeding, retained fetal membranes, abortion, stillbirths and dystocia were the common reproductive health problems, in a decreasing order of the reported percentage. Lumpy skin disease was reported as a major cause of calf and lactating-cow deaths. A total of 89% of the respondents used veterinary medicines to treat their sick animals. About 24% of the respondents stated culling of their animals due to old age, lack of space, infertility, feed shortage, need for cash and low production, in a decreasing order of importance. Conclusions The results showed farmers are well knowledgeable in cattle production practices and are actually mitigating effects of most disease challenges in their farms, which may have resulted in low milk productivity. Implications The farmers in the current study had some knowledge of milk production activities that may be recommended for similar settings, especially on how to manage dairy cattle production under smallholder farms, obviously including the occurrence of diseases, which they are managing appropriately with available technologies including vaccines and treatment. These could be used as baseline data by dairy stakeholders and policy makers during the formulation and implementation of policies for sustainable growth and development of smallholder dairy for similar settings.

scholarly journals Mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus male ticks

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. M. TUPPURAINEN ◽  
J. C. LUBINGA ◽  
W. H. STOLTSZ ◽  
M. TROSKIE ◽  
S. T. CARPENTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Source Of Infection

SUMMARYLumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important, acute or sub-acute, viral disease of cattle that occurs across Africa and in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to investigate if lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) can be transmitted mechanically by African brown ear ticks (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neum.). Laboratory-bred R. appendiculatus males were fed on experimentally infected viraemic ‘donor’ cattle. Partially fed male ticks were then transferred to feed on an uninfected ‘recipient’ cow. The recipient animal became viraemic, showed mild clinical signs of LSD and seroconverted. Additionally, R. appendiculatus males were found to transmit LSDV through feeding on skin lacking visible lesions, demonstrating that viraemic animals without lesions at the feeding site of ticks may be a source of infection. This is the first time that transmission of poxviruses by a tick species has been demonstrated and the importance of this mode of transmission in the spread of LSDV in endemic settings is discussed.

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